翻译课件——主汉译英第3讲
汉译英翻译专题PPT课件
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• 长嗟短叹 －－ sighing deeply
• 发号施令－－ issue orders
• 土崩瓦解－－ fall apart
•2021/3/7两面三刀－－ two-fCaHEcNeLI d tactics
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4. 语态转换
• 在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态 。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉 语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会 使译文显得十分别扭。
2021/3/7
CHENLI
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Practice Please.
• 1. 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 • I don’t think it difficult to speak to a
foreigner in English.
• 2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
• Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
• 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。
• The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.
• 门锁好了。The door has been locked up.
• 新教材在印刷中。
• New 2021/3/7 textbooks are CbHEeNLiIng printed.
2021/3/7
CHENLI
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2. 减词:
• 汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞 手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或 增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡 节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或 句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻 译时都要有所删减省略。
unit-3词语翻译PPT课件
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3.那位工程师在一次事故中受了重伤。
误译：The engineer got seriously wounded in an accident.
正译：The engineer got seriously injured in an accident.
评析：wound 指在战争或战斗中受了枪 弹、刀创伤。injure 指在事故中受伤。上 述二词都比hurt （受伤）严重得多。
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地道表达
31.有名无实 a poor apology 她很有名气，只不过是个有名无实的歌
星。 She does have a big name, but she’s
only a poor apology for a good singer.
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32.绞尽脑汁 to rack one’s brain 33.没骨气 have no guts 34.真了不起 really something 35.昙花一现 a flash in the pan
A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses.
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3）他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。
They made some suggestions for the revision of the plan.
4）大家对你很有意见。
?一本书abook??申请书letterofapplication??协议书?agreement?家书aletterfromhome?使用说明书?directions??成交确认书salesconfirmation情书aloveletter国书credentials议定书protocol证书certificate书报亭newsstand书画paintingandcalligraphy书房study书生intellectual参考书目bibliography????????????????????意见opinionviewsuggestion
第3章 英汉翻译中的词汇 翻译ppt课件
的财务资料。大公司有责任向其股东、政府机构
和广大公众说明公司的财务状况。
整理版课件
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3.1.1 ……（切忌望文生义）
busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是“公汽售票员”) busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是“大忙人”) dry goods (美)纺织品；(英)谷物(不是“干货”) heart man 换心人(不是“有心人”) mad doctor 精神病科医生(不是“发疯的医生”) eleventh hour 最后时刻(不是“十一点”) blind date (由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”)
整理版课件
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3.1.2 勤查字典，注意一词多义
He is the last man to come.
他是最后来的。
He is the last man to do it.
他决不会干那件事。
He is the last person for such a job.
他最不配干这个工作。
He should be the last (man) to blame.
Review
翻译 文体 原语&译语 文化内翻译 语言内翻译 跨文化eral translation; word-for-word translation
意译 free translation
e.g. 1. It's a Smoke Free Area.
对上下文的依赖性比较小， 涵，加上词义的精确、稳定、
具有较强的独立性。
规范等，不易于受到外部环
境的影响，不易于变化。
整理版课件
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《汉英翻译》PPT课件
驾驶员在飞机坠毁后，竟然还能活着， 这看来是不可想象的事。
❖ 6. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪， 她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
❖ 7. It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June.
10点30分的时候， 街上来往的车辆稀少了。
❖ 3. Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor.
美国人有很多风俗习惯在陌生人看来里令人费解 的。
❖ 4. Parents love their children and the love is perfect.
❖ 2. I tried vainly to put the pieces together. 我想把这些碎片拼在一起， 可是拼不起来。（分译状语）
❖ 3. The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰到好处， 既不太快， 也不太 慢。（分译定语）
❖ 1. Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contact as well as from books. 富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育， 他不仅从书本中学习呒而 且也从与人交往中学习。（分译分词短语）
汉译英课件
主语的选择Warming-up:世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
China’s diplomatic activities were unprecedentedly frequent at the turn of the century. China performed unprecedentedly active in diplomacy at the turn of the century.The turn of the century found China most active on the diplomatic arena.Part 1:定语译作主语他的身材魁梧，生一张大长方脸。
He is a giant of a man with a long square face.这种汽车的耗油量比那种汽车的耗油量多3倍。
This type of car uses three times more fuel than that type of car does.这间办公室的空调装好了。
This office has been installed with an air conditioner.懒惰的人不会成功。
Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed.Part 2: 谓语动词译作主语她看见这张照片就会想起30年前的往事。
The sight of the photo reminds her of the memory 30 years ago.她见到血就恶心。
The very sight of blood makes her sick.在那些日子里，只要一提起她丈夫的名字，她就伤心痛苦。
In those days even the mention of her husband’s name brought her to the verge of tears.医生迅速到达，并仔细检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。
第3章 英汉翻译中的词汇 翻译ppt课件
• e.g. 1. It's a Smoke Free Area. • 直译：这是个自由吸烟区。 • 意译：这是个无烟区。
• e.g. 2. Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.
• 直译：莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上 。
• “这么说，你是我的姑父啦，”他嚷道，走到他跟 前，行了个礼。(P)
• 行了个礼→ 吻 • You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if
you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.(collocatioin) • 不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或 盖房子。
•202意1/4/2译4 ：莎士比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。
第三章 英汉翻译中的 词语翻译
• 教学要点与要求： • 1、词语翻译的注意事项 • 2、英汉词语和汉语词语在表达上的差异
2021/4/24
3.1 词语翻译的注意事项 3.1.1常用词的翻译（切忌望文生义）
• Often an individual must supply personal accounting information in order to buy a car or home, to qualify for a college scholarship, to secure a credit card, or to obtain a bank loan. Large corporations are accountable to their stockholders, to government agencies, and to the public.
Unit3--汉译英与英译汉
Unit3--汉译英与英译汉 汉译英 unit3 section_a 商业的银行帐户需跟个人的银行帐户分开。 (separate from / business bank accounts) Business bank accounts need to be separated from personal ones. 她暂停了一会儿工作，给自己泡了一点咖啡，然后几分钟后继续工作。 (take a break from / make herself some coffee) She took a break from her work to make herself some coffee and then resumed a few minutes later. 人们随着年纪的增长往往不需要那么多睡眠。 (tend to do sth. / need less sleep) People tend to need less sleep as they get older. 这些是成为一名成功的演说家的关键因素，是以我自己的经验为基础的。 (base on sth. / the key factors / my own experience) These are the key factors for being a successful speaker, and they are based on my own experience. 由于生产成本的提高, 造成了该公司债务累累。 (saddle sb. with sth. / due to / an increased cost) The company is saddled with debt due to an increased cost of production. 他对老板不给他加薪的决定感到非常失望，很快他的失望变成了愤怒。 (give one a pay raise/give way to sth.) He was greatly disappointed over his boss’decision against giving him a pay raise, and soon his disappointment gave way to anger. 当杰瑞意识到需多少工作量才能成功地完成这个项目时，他放弃了。 (back off / do a good job completing it) Jerry backed off the project when he realized how much work was involved to do a good job completing it. 去山里观光的游客对这个地区天气变化之快感到诧异。 (wonder at / visitors to mountainous areas) Visitors to mountainous areas tend to wonder at the speed with which the weather can change in such areas. 她在餐桌旁坐了下来，每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。 (with each dish emitting) She sat down at the table, with each dish emitting a delicious smell. 女孩坐在那里一言不发，眼睛直挺挺地盯着墙壁。 (with her eyes fixing) The girl sat there quite silent with her eyes fixing on the wall. 由于我们的食物即将吃完，我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。 (with our food running out / walk to a village) With our food running out, we had to walk to a village for help. 随着夏季来临，天气正变得越来越热。(状语表示时间) (with summer coming) With the summer coming, it is becoming hotter and hotter. 最近的趋势表明，可以通过放松的的锻炼方式使身体受益。 (recent...show…/ benefits ) A recent tendency shows that it is possible that the body benefits from exercises through a relaxing way. 撇开别的不说，仅仅这些谣言对他的形象已经产生了负面的影响。 (apart from anything else / rumors/ negative effect) Apart from anything else, these rumors alone have had negative effect on his image. Unit3 section_b 失败让我体验到了强烈的挫败感，我陷入了深深的痛苦之中。 (a strong feeling of frustration / intense frustration) The failure gives me such a strong feeling of frustration that I fall into a deep pain. 他的话当时似乎没有多大意思，可是后来对我们有很大帮助。 (later on) What he said did not seem to amount to much, but later on it helped us a great deal. 医院给母亲安静的私人时间以帮助她们培养和婴儿的感情。 (quiet private time) The hospital gives mothers quiet private time so that mothers bond with their babies. 我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。 (a loss on the sale) We had to resign ourselves to a loss on the sale. 如果您没有自己开车，我会很乐意开车送您去工作。 (to have no transportation of one’s own) If you have no transportation of your own, I’ll be happy to give you a ride to work. 老人坐在温暖的午后阳光下，觉得很疲倦，就慢慢地入睡了。 (sit in the warm afternoon sun) As the old man was sitting in the warm afternoon sun, he grew tired and drifted off into a sleep. 劫机者最终向警方投降。 (hijackers) The hijackers eventually surrendered themselves to the police. 他开了好几次头做健身锻炼，但总是半途而废。 (fitness and body building exercises /give up halfway) He had started fitness and body building exercises many times but would always give up halfway. 这个新入校的学员很喜欢他军训的第一天，觉得它充满了挑战，富有意义。 (newly-enrolled cadet / military training) This newly-enrolled cadet loves his first day of military training, finding it challenging and meaningful. 穿着病号服的老太太如风中残烛一般奄奄一息。 (a candle flickering in the wind / be at one’s last gasp) Like a candle flickering in the wind, the old lady in her hospital gown is at her last gasp. 总经理请求员工们竭尽全力帮助公司度过难关以表明他们对公司的忠诚。 (loyalty to/ spare no efforts to / turn the corner) The general manager asks the employees to demonstrate their loyalty by sparing no efforts to help the company to turn the corner. 英译汉 Unit3 section_b We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. (Para. 1, L2-4) 我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿期在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战。 Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a different agenda. (Para. 4, L3-4) 由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化。 Apart from anything else, this has had an implicit effect on
ChineseEnglish Translation 汉译英教程精品PPT课件
—Eugene A. Nida • To translate is to change into another language, retaining
as much of the sense as one can. —Samuel Johnson
• 翻译是把具有某一种文化背景的发送者用某种语 言（文字）所表述的内容尽可能充分地、有效地 传达给使用另一种语言（文字）、具有另一种文 化背景的接受者。
――沈苏儒
Definitions of translation
• 翻译是两个语言社会之间的交际过程和交际工 具，它的目的是要促进本语言社会的政治、经 济和文化进步，它的任务是要把原作中包含的 现实世界的逻辑映像或艺术映像，完好无损地 从一种语言译注到另一种语言中去。 ――张今
Elements involved in the process of translating
Author of ST—ST—Translator—TT—Readers of TT
Elements involved in the process of translating
Intermediate information receiver
Definitions of translation
• (Translating ) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. —Peter Newmark
• A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds. —Gideon Toury
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假冒伪劣商品 Fake or poor quality commodities 汇率并轨 a uniform exchange rate 国有商业银行 Commercial state banks 国务院主管部门 the competent department of the State Council
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叠词
• 音、形、义完全相同的词重叠使用，增加 义完全相同的词重叠使用， 语言的生动性与形象性。 语言的生动性与形象性。 • 小路两边，是两行小柳树。树枝细细的， 小路两边，是两行小柳树。树枝细细的， 柳叶沙沙响。 柳叶沙沙响。嫩叶上刷着一层白色的绒 毛… • Two rows of small willows lined the path. The twigs were slender, with rustling leaves covered by a layer of white villus.
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意译法 意译法 在农村，特别是比较偏僻落后的农村， 在农村，特别是比较偏僻落后的农村，还 残存着少数包办婚姻的陋习。 包办婚姻的陋习 残存着少数包办婚姻的陋习。 In China’s more remote and backward rural areas, corrupt practices exist in the form of forced marriages./arranged or Bought and sold marriages.
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指称意义的翻译
简述 直译法 意译法 音译法
音译意译结合法
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指称意义的翻译
简述
– 英汉词义的对应
合同 垂直 红茶 接电话
Contract Vertical dimension Black tea To answer the telephone
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税
Tax Duty Tariff bond State taxes Customs duties Tariff rates Bonded warehouse area
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语体色彩的复制
• 如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。 • It would be appreciated if samples and /or brochure could be soon forwarded to us. • 鄙人当尽力而为。 • Yours truly will do his best.
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• • • • • •
同一事物不同意义（color） Be green-eyed 红眼病 开门红 To get off to a good start 红白喜事 Weddings and funerals Honor board 红榜 红火 Flourishing/prosperous
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• 争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收 • For better (athletic) records and sportsmanship • For a good harvest both in sports and morals.
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直译法——完全保留汉语的指称意义 完全保留汉语的指称意义 直译法 芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。 芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。 是桂林最精彩的岩洞 Reed Flute Cave/Ludiyan/Ludi Cave is the most magnificent of all in Guilin.
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直译加注解ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
国税 关税 税率 保税仓库区
•英汉词语的对应有完全对应和不完全对应 英汉词语的对应有完全对应和不完全对应
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求职者中间由机关干部、普通工人、 求职者中间由机关干部、普通工人、合资企 业雇员… 业雇员
Among the applicants are government functionaries, ordinary workers, employee of joint venture…
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言内意义的翻译
汉语言内意义（语言符号之间的关系）的 表达
重复 叠词 双关 音韵
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重复
• 沉默啊！沉默啊！不再沉默中爆发，就在 沉默啊！沉默啊！不再沉默中爆发， 沉默中灭亡。 沉默中灭亡。 • Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out in silence, we shall perish in this silence. • Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.
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世界知识产权组织 中华全国青年联合会 中华全国总工会 中国国际贸易促进委员会 海关总署 中国商品检疫局
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世界知识产权组织 World Intellectual Property Organization 中华全国青年联合会 All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade 海关总署 General Customs Administration 中国商品检疫局 Commodity Inspection Bureau of the PRC
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两种现象
误译 假朋友” “假朋友”
News photo 新闻照片 White wine 白酒 Red eye 红眼 Slow train 慢车 街道妇女 Street women
Press photo Spirits/liquor Pink eye/to be green-eyed Local train Housewives of residential area
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Exercises
东方时空 人与自然 音乐桥 与你通行 环球45分钟 体育栏 Oriental Time and Space People and Nature Music Bridge Going Along with You Around the Globe in 45 Minutes Sports Sections
• • • • • • 健身房，健身俱乐部 售票处，补票处 武汉中心百货大楼，东方宾馆 “幽默在导游中的妙用”（题目） They kept their eyes (只朝上，不朝下） We must not (大事化小，小事化了。）
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寻寻觅觅， 冷冷清清， 凄凄惨惨戚戚。
I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer.
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双关
• 拿锄头刨黄连——挖苦。 • To dig Coptis with a hoe—dig. • 在试纺，顶多忙一阵子，过了几天，还不是外 甥打灯笼——找舅（照旧）。 • And if we’re now going to have a check spinning, it’ll only mean that we’ll be busier than ever for a spell and then after a few days things will be back to that they were before.
1990年共批准“三资”企业99家，全省“三资” 企业已达284家。
In 1990, the Province approved 99 “Three Forms of Ventures” (Sino-foreign join ventures, cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-funded enterprises), the total number of the “Three Forms Of Ventures” reached 284.
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重复
• • • • 异词重复 此时此刻 at this time and this moment 不知不觉 without knowing and without feeling 谢天谢地 thank heaven and thank earth
Thank Heaven!/Thank God Only then did I. Time went by and before I was aware of it…
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干部
国家机关、军队、人民团体中的公职 人员（士兵、勤杂人员除外），又可 指担任一定的领导工作或管理工作的 人员 Administrator Official Officer Functionary Cadre Office worker Public/civil servant Government employee
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音韵
• 一册在手，纵览全球。（《环球》杂志征订广告） 一册在手 纵览全球。（《环球》杂志征订广告） • With a copy in hand, you can have a far and wide look at the globe. • The Globe brings you the world in a single copy.
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领导班子年轻化、知识化、 领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化 a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership 小康水平 a relatively comfortable standard of living 脱贫致富 to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity
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语用意义的翻译