英语语言学大全 ppt课件
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英语语言学实用教程课件
-conceptual meaning: logical, cognitive, denotative content
-associative meanings: connotative meaning social/stylistic meaning affective meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning
Lecture 7
The meaning of English (I)
Review
➢ What are common means of cohesion in English?
➢ What do we mean by conversational repair?
Contents
7.1 The notion of semantics 7.2 Semantic properties 7.3 Semantic relations 7.4 Sense and reference
tiny (colloquial) diminutive (very formal) wee (colloquial,dialectal)
d. Affective meaning （情感意义）
➢ It has to do with the personal feelings of the speaker, including his attitude to the listener, or his attitude to something he is talking about. It’s often explicitly conveyed through conceptual or connotative content of the words used.
-associative meanings: connotative meaning social/stylistic meaning affective meaning reflected meaning collocative meaning
Lecture 7
The meaning of English (I)
Review
➢ What are common means of cohesion in English?
➢ What do we mean by conversational repair?
Contents
7.1 The notion of semantics 7.2 Semantic properties 7.3 Semantic relations 7.4 Sense and reference
tiny (colloquial) diminutive (very formal) wee (colloquial,dialectal)
d. Affective meaning （情感意义）
➢ It has to do with the personal feelings of the speaker, including his attitude to the listener, or his attitude to something he is talking about. It’s often explicitly conveyed through conceptual or connotative content of the words used.
英语语言学课件Chapter 15 Language and the Bra
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Aphasia
• - Wernicke’s aphasia • -Identified 1873 by Carl Wernicke, eminent
German neurologist • -Results in difficulties in auditory
comprehension • -also called ‘sensory aphasia’
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Genie’s case
• In 1970 • 13 year old girl, spent most of her life tied to a chair in
small closed room • Physical, sensory, social emotional deprivation • After brought into care, she developed an ability to speak
• cortex: supports "higher" brain functions, including language ; thin, folded sheet on surface of brain
• Broca’s area: responsible for speech production (close to motor areas)
hemisphere of her brain for language functions
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• The lateralization process begins in early childhood
• During childhood, there is a period when human brain is most ready to receive and learn a particular language
英语语言学概论语言学ppt
A text is a product of all three. The three metafunctions of language are closely related to context and realized in the lexicogrammar of language. They are interwoven in discourse.
Metafunctions of Language
M.A.K. Halliday
12英语2班 翁京京 马密密 王雅莛 唐晓雯 唐苑
A British-born Australian linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
逻辑功能
The experiential function 经验功能
It refers to the grammatical choices that enable
speakers to make meanings about the world around us
and inside us. 经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界（包括内心世界） 中的各种经历的表达。换言之，就是反映客观世界中所 发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点 等环境因素。
The logical function
逻辑功能
Halliday describes the logical function as those systems
“whichnships between o
ne clausal unite and another”
Metafunctions of Language
M.A.K. Halliday
12英语2班 翁京京 马密密 王雅莛 唐晓雯 唐苑
A British-born Australian linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
逻辑功能
The experiential function 经验功能
It refers to the grammatical choices that enable
speakers to make meanings about the world around us
and inside us. 经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界（包括内心世界） 中的各种经历的表达。换言之，就是反映客观世界中所 发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点 等环境因素。
The logical function
逻辑功能
Halliday describes the logical function as those systems
“whichnships between o
ne clausal unite and another”
英语语言学function of language课件
Six primary factors of any speech event: speaker, addressee, context, message, code, contact.
Jakobson’s well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication:
my group member's view
phatic function directive function informative function interrogative function expressive function evocative function performative function
emotions
Conative: to persuade and influence others
through commands and entreaties)
Phatic: to establish communion with others Metalingual function: to clear up intentions,
英语语言学function of language
Halliday’s view
Interpersonal metafunction The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical choices that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
Jakobson’s view
Jakobson’s well-known framework of language functions based on the six key elements of communication:
my group member's view
phatic function directive function informative function interrogative function expressive function evocative function performative function
emotions
Conative: to persuade and influence others
through commands and entreaties)
Phatic: to establish communion with others Metalingual function: to clear up intentions,
英语语言学function of language
Halliday’s view
Interpersonal metafunction The interpersonal function refers to the grammatical choices that enable speakers to enact their complex and diverse interpersonal relations.
Jakobson’s view
英语语言学语言学知识点课件
4. scope of linguistics
(语言学的研究范围)
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• 1. design feature of language（语言的定义特征)
defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• 音系学定义：study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• 如何记忆phonetics和phonolgy的区别: • 联想: mathematics, physics, mechanics
•
phonetics 语言学，-ics科学性更强
•
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geology, sociology, astrology
•
phonology 音系学，-ology人文性更强
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• Phonetics studies all speech sounds in human languages: how they are produced, transmitted and how they are received.
• Phonology: aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
英语语言学Syntax PPT
VP
V NP
Types of VP VP V PP V
VP
S
hit the ball speak about the book said VP VP
that he had told lies
V
run
Adv
VБайду номын сангаас
fast Look!
PP Prepositional Phrase -A phrase containing a preposition and a noun phrase. --on the table. --in the park --with the telescope It is possible to have a PP within a PP: --in the park with the telescope
PP P NP
AP Deg Adj
about
the book
very little
e.g.
S
NP
VP V-Bar
specifier head Complement
Susan rarely does
so
6.Transformational Generative Grammar TG • A description of the possible rules of human language that allow for infinite production of grammatical sentences. • tries to define a universal grammar (UG)
• Three levels of transformational rules: • The basic rule is Chomsky’s universal grammar ,the underlying principle • The second type is the obligatory rules that govern the transformations of auxiliaries and principles • The third type is the optional transformational rules that govern the transformatons of negotion ,passive voice ,interrogation
英语语言学-语言学知识点 PPT
buy : sell lend : borrow give : receive parent : child husband : wife
teacher : student above : below before : after host : guest employer : employee
语言学知识点
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
How speech sounds are made
fast (adj) and fast (n)
如何区分同音同形和一词多义现象:
beauty, fish, ball, scale beauty: 美丽；美女 fish: 鱼；鱼肉；水生动物；捕鱼；寻找 ball: 球；舞会 scale: 规模；鱼鳞 看其多个意义之间是否有关联，如果有就是一
The principal suprasegmentals are:
Ludwig Wittgenstein: ‘The meaning of a word is its use in the language’.
Meaning is studied by making detailed analyses of the way words and sentences are used in specific contexts.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
chapter 5 Semantics英语专业语言学PPT
• Problem: What is the link?
Triangle of Reference by Ogden & Richards
Contextualism
3. Contextualism: Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context.
• morning star 启明星 , evening star冥王星
Major sense relations— homonymy 121
• Homonymy 同音/形异义,including: ➢Homophones同音词: rain/reign,
night/night, ➢Homographs同形词:bow v./ n., tear v./
• Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
• Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
5.Reflective/reflected meaning反映义
(association with another sense of the same expression) e.g. intercourse, nucleur
6. Collocative meaning 搭配义 p.116:
• The associations of a word gets because of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its linguistic context.
Triangle of Reference by Ogden & Richards
Contextualism
3. Contextualism: Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context.
• morning star 启明星 , evening star冥王星
Major sense relations— homonymy 121
• Homonymy 同音/形异义,including: ➢Homophones同音词: rain/reign,
night/night, ➢Homographs同形词:bow v./ n., tear v./
• Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
• Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
5.Reflective/reflected meaning反映义
(association with another sense of the same expression) e.g. intercourse, nucleur
6. Collocative meaning 搭配义 p.116:
• The associations of a word gets because of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its linguistic context.