2021年考研英语笔记整理
2021年考研英语复习指导：易混淆单词辨析
2021年考研英语复习指导：易混淆单词辨析词汇辨析类试题的天然的模糊性和干扰性是考生的最大困扰。
即使试题平和，考生也倍感棘手，尤其是在考试环境下，要正常发挥，实属不易。
在考研的完形填空中涉及到大量的词汇辨析，需要考生花大力气攻克。
acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有"严重的，重要的"意思。
acute a。
剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people。
食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
critical a。
意为"关键的"，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。
与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指"批判性的，分析性的"。
It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it。
为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。
crucial a。
意为"决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的"，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。
Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery。
消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
urgent a。
意为"紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的"，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调"紧急的"状态。
We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water。
我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。
adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有"调整、改变"的意思。
2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案解析（完整版）SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It1in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then2starts to slowly decline as we age.But3aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle1oss and the4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the5that lifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than4,000middle-to-older-aged men and women and8that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people9higher measures of abdominal fat10worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.For women,the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be13.It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different15for men and women.16there are steps you can17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1.[A]pauses[B]return[C]peaks[D]fades2.[A]alternatively[B]formally[C]accidentally[D]generally3.[A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until4.[A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted8.[A]devoted[B]compared[C]converted[D]applied9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against10.[A]lived[B]managed[C]scored[D]played11.[A]ran out[B]set off[C]drew in[D]went by12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel[D]resistant13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain15.[A]compensations[B]symptoms[C]demands[D]treatments16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]take18.[A]well-being[B]process[C]formation[D]coordination19.[A]level[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescription1.【答案】C peaks【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句间逻辑关系。
2021年考研英语一参考答案及解析
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析SectionⅠUse of English【1】C peaks解析：A pause暂停B return返回C peaks顶峰D fades衰退文中后面讲到decline，表明此时处于最高峰。
【2】D generally解析A alternatively两者选之一地B formally正式地C accidentally 偶然地D Generally总地来说文中第一二句内容是对第一句的顺接，带入唯有generally合适【3】A while解析：A while转折B since因果C once条件D until时间文中前肯后否，选择while.【4】C Consumption解析：A detection识别B accumulation积累C consumption消耗D separation区分;and前后语义一致，前面是loss后面就是consumption【5】A possibility解析：B decision决定C goal目标D requirement要求，后面出现了might,体现了内容的不确定性，因此答案是possibility.【6】A delay解析：B ensure确保C seek寻找D utilize利用ｏｒ前后结果一致，因此语义相近prevent与delay一致。
【7】C included解析：A modified改变B supported支持D predicted后面讲到４０００多男性和女性研究对象，所以只能是included【8】B Compared解析：前文讲到什么这些数据，因为是实验文章，所以是比对数据，进行分析。
【9】A with此处为伴随动作，所用介词为ｗｉｔｈ【10】C scored此处属于动词和名词的匹配关系，什么与measure进行搭配，表示获得什么标准。
【11】D went by解析：考固定搭配，as the years went by随着岁月的流逝，go by表示（时间）流逝。
考研英语词汇5500词大纲2021
考研英语词汇5500词大纲2021考研英语词汇5500词大纲1gentlea.和蔼的,文雅的,有礼貌的gentlemann.绅士,先生gentlyad.文雅地,有礼貌地;轻轻地genuinea.真正的,名副其实的geographyn.地理(学)geologyn.地质(学)geometryn.几何(学)germn.微生物,细菌gesturen.姿势,姿态,手势v.做手势getv.获得，得到;使，使得;变得，成为;到达gainv.获得;增加;表等走快n.增进,增加;收益galaxyn.星系;(the Galaxy)银河(系);一群显赫的人galleryn.长廊,画廊,美术馆gallonn.加仑gallopv./n.奔驰,飞奔garlicn.蒜，大蒜粉garmentn.(一件)衣服gasn.气体;煤气;汽油;毒气vt.毒(死);加油gasolinen.(gasolene)汽油gaspn.喘息,气喘v.喘息;气吁吁地说gaten.大门;入口;观众人数，门票收入gatherv.聚集,聚拢;推测,推断gaugen.标准尺寸;规格;量规,量表v.测量gaya.快乐的,愉快的,色彩鲜艳的n.同性恋gazev./n.凝视,注视gearn.齿轮,传动装置v.(to)调整,使适合gendern.(生理上的)性;(名词、代词等的)性genen.基因generala.一般的,普通的;总的,大体的n.将军generalizev.(generalise)归纳,概括;推广,普及generatevt.产生,发生;生殖generationn.产生,发生;一代(人) generatorn.发电机,发生器考研英语词汇5500词大纲2jumpv./n.跳跃,跳动,跳过;暴涨,猛增junctionn.连接,接合,交叉点,枢纽站,接头,中继线Junen.六月junglen.丛林,生死地带juniora./n.年少的/者,三年级的/学生,下级(的)junkn.废物，旧货;舢板juryn.陪审团;全体评审员justad.正好地;刚才;只不过a.公正的，公平的justicen.公正,公平;审判,司法justifyv.证明...正当(或有理、正确)，为...辩护juvenilen.青少年,少年读物a.青少年的, 幼稚的jazzn.爵士乐jealousa.(of)妒忌的;猜疑的,警惕的jeansn.牛仔裤(又称blue jeans, dungarees等) jetn.喷气发动机,喷气式飞机;喷口v.喷出,喷射jeweln.宝石,宝石饰物jewelryn.(jewllery)(总称)珠宝jobn.工作，职位;零活，一件工作;任务，职责jogv.慢跑joinv.参加，加入;联合，连接;和。
2021考研英语一复习历年新题型真题汇总
2021考研英语一复习历年新题型真题汇总新题型（英语一二适用）英语一Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41–45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)英语二Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41–45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Subheadings are titles that divide part of a piece of writing into shorter sections.2016英语一[A]create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.…….The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved……….So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41.___________As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.………..42.____________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image…………43.____________仔细阅读中心思想方法：1）串线：将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处2）中心句：问题开头的提问的回答独句段3）中心词：文中反复高频出现的词英语二2015[A]You are not alone[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Experience helps you grow[G]There are many things to be grateful for44._______________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life,especially your dearest and nearest people.You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor,help and companionship.If you have no friends or relatives,try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.42._______________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,try to focus on the present moment.Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future.You may feel guilt over your past,but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change.Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive.Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past,but a mindset that can be designed into the present.1）段首末句为主旨；尤其是段首句基本与某选项一致即为答案英语二2016[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Ask for help[D]Express your emotions[E]Don’t overthink it[F]Be easily pleased[G]Notice things42._______________________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.2）中心句：问题开头的提问的回答41._______________________________What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry?He shouts.Scared? Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then—again,like children—move on.43._______________________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which would,of course,have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44._______________________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to dealwith---work,mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.3）中心词：文中反复高频出现的词英语二2015[A]You are not alone[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Experience helps you grow[G]There are many things to be grateful for42._______________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,try to focus on the present moment.Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future.You may feel guilt over your past,but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change.Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive.Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past,but a mindset that can be designed into the present.44._______________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is,you should always remember that you are not alone.Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life,especially your dearest and nearest people.You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor,help and companionship.If you have no friends or relatives,try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45._______________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life.When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best.You live in your skin, think your own thoughts,have your own values and make your own choices.英语二2016[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Ask for help[D]Express your emotions[E]Don’t overthink it[F]Be easily pleased[G]Notice thingsAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yetchildren appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______________________________What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry?He shouts.Scared? Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.……2015英语二Unfortunately,life is not a bed of roses.We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover,we are grieving various kinds of loss:a friendship,a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over,we press forward,stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.Furthermore,these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.I want to share these old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._______________________________Fear is both useful and harmful.This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.Unfortunately,people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.My favorite actor Will Smith once said,“Fear is not real.It is a product of thoughts you create.Do not misunderstand me.Danger is very real.But fear is a choice.”I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.[A]You are not alone[B]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Experience helps you grow[G]There are many things to be grateful for全篇讲解英语一2016[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen muchmore often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41._______________________________As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.反复重复原则中不要忽略——虚词【插入阅读内容】2003Text249.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should________.[A]communicate more with the public[B]employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures①Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.②We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,afather's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.③To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.①Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own research.②They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.③Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.1、虚词的作用：表达逻辑关系2、情态动词表示作者观点3、反复强调的是重点，重点往往是考点2008text4It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.In the first paragraph,the author discusses[A]the background information of journal editing.[B]the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C]the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D]the traditional process of journal publication.【回归上文新题型】英语（一/二）新题型小标题42._______________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43._______________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44._______________________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.45._______________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping（一/二）新题型小标题alone,one article of clothing at a time.全篇讲解英语二2013[A]Live like a peasant[B]Balance your diet[C]Shopkeepers are your friends[D]Remember to treat yourself[E]Stick to what you need[F]Planning is everything[G]Waste not,want not①The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.②After bills,Tony has£60a week to spend,£40of which goes on food,but10years ago he was earning£130,000a year working in corporate communications and eating at London’s best restaurants at least twice a week.③Then his marriage failed,his career burned out and his drinking became serious.④“The community mental health team saved my life.⑤And I felt like that again,to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well.⑥It gave me the validation and confidence that I’d lost.⑦But it’s still a day-by-day thing.”⑧Now he’s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.⑨He’s feeling positive,but he’ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state,with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget.⑩Here’s his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________①Impulsive spending isn’t an option,so plan your week’s menu in advance,making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.②I have an Excel template for a weekbreakfast,lunch and dinner.③Stop laughing:it’s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.④It’s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly,because,being human,you’ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42._____________________①This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy.②With them,there’s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.③And if you plan properly,you’ll know that you only need,say,350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon,not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43._____________________①You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that’s not good enough.②Mine is filled with leftovers,bread,stock,meat and fish.③Planning ahead shouldeliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup,and all fruits threatening to“go off”will be cooked or juiced.44._____________________①Everyone says this,but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.②Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly,even for small things,and be super friendly.③Soon you’ll feel comfortable asking if they’ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones,chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which,more often than not,they will let you have for free.45._____________________①You won’t be eating out a lot,but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—£1.75a week for three months gives you£21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus.②It’s£16.95there—or£12.99for a large pizza from Domino’s:I know which I’d rather eat.全篇讲解英语一2007A.Set a Good Example for Your KidsB.Build Your Kids’Work SkillsC.Place Time Limits on LeisureActivitiesD.Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE.Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG.Build Your Kids’Sense of ResponsibilityMothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.Here are a few measures,drawn from my book Ready or Not,Here Life Comes,that parents can take to prevent what I call“work-life unreadiness.”41._____________________You can start this process when they are11or12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42._____________________Kids need a range of authentic role models–as opposed to members of their clique,pop stars and vaunted athletes.Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and英语（一/二）新题型小标题how they got where they are.Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future.When asked what they want to do,they should be discouraged from saying“I have no idea.”They can change their minds200times,but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43._____________________Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills,such as managing time and setting priorities.44._____________________Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45._____________________They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of inadequacy.They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts,ways to brainstorm and think critically.Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.英语一新题型7选5、排序讲义新题型英语一（7选5）【7选5】解题基本思路：1、仔细阅读开头，尤其是前两段；浏览剩余段首总结各段大意，预判复现内容。
2021年考研英语长难句每周一解
2021年考研英语长难句每周一解(5.2)现在，不少考生已经进入考研英语真题复习阶段，本周考生问的比较多的长难句都是历年考研英语阅读中出现的从句套从句句式，遇到这样的句子，首先看到句子要冷静，尽量消除畏难情绪，把句子主干先找出来，然后再一步步抽丝剥茧理出其余各部分的成分，各个击破，最后把各部分和主干结合在一起，合出整句的句意。
一、原句：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.问题：请把句子分析一下。
解析：句子主干是典型的主谓宾结构：Lord Irvine, will introduce a draft billIn a significant tightening of legal controls over the press是整个句子的地点状语the Lord Chancellor是Lord Irvine的同位语that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity是a draft的定语从句，在整个定语从句中 will propose 和will strictly control是并列谓语that can be given to a case before a trial begins是the amount of publicity的定语从句分析清楚本句话的关键在于区分主干和枝干，并能看出从句中有两个并列谓语，在第二个并列谓语的宾语部分有定语从句，这个定语从句中包含一个时间状语从句。
2021考研英语二怎么备考,详细经验分享
说句公道话，英二真的要比英一简单很多，我当时备考的时候雄心壮志，想着反正题不多，那我就拿英一的题来练练手，呃...练完差点不认识自己。
所以考研过程中认清自己还是蛮重要的，哈哈。
真的庆幸自己考英语二，我最后考了76，纵然英语二不乏80+的学霸，但是对我一个四级三次没过的学渣来说，76对我来说相当以及绝对满足了。
每个人的追求不同，但是复习方法很多还是通用的，我把自己的经验总结了一下，分享给大家，希望能够有一丢丢的帮助。
第一步：筛选资料选择复习资料的3大原则1）.不要盲目从众，适合自己的才是最好的。
建议：综合目标分数、自身基础、时间长短、复习阶段、个人习惯等实际情况，进行选择。
2）.全面收集信息，多角度对比，综合选择。
建议：通过学姐学长、各大网站和销售平台，了解清楚都有哪些真题书、词汇书、语法书、作文书（不要忽视近几年或新上市的好书），对比书籍结构、内容版块、讲解模式、排版风格等等，进行选择。
3）.先试用体验，觉得对自己有帮助后，再购买。
建议：通过试用学姐学长的旧书、借阅研友购买的新书、查看电子版PDF，判断其是否适合自己。
选好资料以后给你们分享一下第二大重点：规划。
其中包含长期规划和每日作息安排。
长期规划一、准备阶段（年前-2月）1.了解考试常识。
比如：近几年英语国家线的分值、了解试卷的题型分值等；2.晨读。
选一些英语文章，每天30分钟，培养语感及英语思维；3.考研英语大纲的学习。
学习前一年的英语考试大纲，了解考研英语的考察内容和考察重点；5.早早买一本闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》开始背。
它把考纲单词按真题考频分成高频词、中频词和低频词，重点很清晰，还有常考短语讲用法，不仅省时间，而且你记了单词还会用。
二、基础阶段(3月-6月)1.完成至少1轮的单词背诵，巩固语法基础；2.英语每天抽空背背单词，建议时长0.5-1h；不管是用单词软件还是传统词书，不管是用词根词缀还是死记硬背，最重要的是每天都背。
积累到某一天时，你会发现好多文章都看得懂了；3.英语基础不牢的小伙伴，花点时间复习语法。
2021考研英语翻译技巧总结
2021考研英语翻译技巧总结一、考研英语翻译的考察本质是单词吗？我们知道考研英语允许有2%-3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇都只在阅读出现。
如果翻译里的单词不认识，只说明该背的词你没记住。
虽然没有生词，但是相比其他题型，翻译在单词上的考察难在熟词生义、专有名词和词组搭配。
是要求信达雅吗？考研翻译的评分标准就三点：完整、准确、通顺总的来说考研翻译考察的本质，就在三个方面：长难句、熟词僻义和词组二、翻译原则1.翻译一般不需要看全文，除非划线句出现代词、超纲词（前文会有加括号的英文解释）。
2.划线句出现的所有内容都要翻译出来，无论是（）里边还是——后边的内容。
3.约定俗称的专有名词要正确翻译，只有不认识的非著名的专有名词可以直接抄。
4.翻译时遇到的形容词实在不会翻译的可以省略不翻。
5.翻译完之后或者对完答案之后，可能不理解这句话到底在说什么，这是正常的。
都是专业性很强的文章，句子成分结构翻对且句子通顺，不需要过于纠结句子甚至文章的内涵。
三、简单句翻译步骤针对一个简单句，只包含两部分：中心句（即主谓宾、主谓、主系表、主谓宾宾补、主谓双宾）和修饰语。
做翻译最重要的是找中心句。
找中心句的时候，可能很多方法教我们去找动词，但是动词往往不太容易找，因为有的动词我们可能都不认识，那这个时候换一个思路去找作为修饰语的“介词短语”，然后忽略不看。
前边提到了评分标准的第一条“完整”，完整说的并不是从第一个词一字不落地翻译到最后一个词，“完整”指的是，简单句主谓宾要翻译出来，并列句翻译出每个句子的主谓宾，复合句至少翻复合句的主干部分。
只翻译出了主谓宾，可以得到1分。
历年英语一的翻译平均分在3.5分左右，而像这样只找主干，就可以拿下至少5分！英语二满分15分，如果把整篇文章的每个句子主干全翻译出来，分数大概会在10-12分。
翻译完中心词之后，修饰语从第一个开始翻译注：1.A(of B）都翻译成（B的）A2.A(of B)(of C) 翻译成（C的）（B的）A3. A (of B)(in C）翻译成（在C的）（B的）A来看一句18年的真题翻译A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.首先看第一个逗号之前的句子，注意当两个名词同时出现的时候，默认第一个名词修饰后一个，所以即使不认识“literary”也要知道主语是“drama”，“had been created”是谓语。
2021年考研英语高频词汇词义辨析30组
2021年考研英语高频词汇词义辨析30组2021年考研于2021年1月7日至8日举行，整理“考研英语高频词汇词义辨析30组”供广大考生备考使用，祝大家复习顺利！十一长假已过，对于参加考研的考生来说，距离考试的时间又临近了，已不足百天，到了真正关键的冲刺时刻。
考研英语一直是大家备考的重点，词汇更是基础。
根据多年辅导经验，现将考研英语历年高频词汇的常考词义进行了列举，对加入了近义词辨析及例句总结。
希望广大考生能从这些总结、归纳中吸引考试中的精华内容，提高复习效率。
以下是第一部分，后续词汇将会陆续与广大考生分享。
1.adherence和adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。
adherence用于比喻的意思。
例如：His adherence to the strict letter of the law。
adhesion是指物质上的。
2. adjacent，adjoining，和contiguous这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。
adjacent“毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。
adjoining和contiguous指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary。
3.admission和admittance它们都有“the act of entering”的意思。
但admission用于公共场合。
The price of admission to the gallery is$5.admittance不指公共场合，一般指私人的住所。
4. adopted和adoptiveadopted“收养的，过继的”an adopted son(daughter)养子(女);my adopted country我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语;adoptive“收养的”，我们说adoptive parents，但很少说adoptive child;“采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage假充勇敢。
2021考研英语备考：bypass用法解析
2021考研英语备考：bypass用法解析考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语备考：bypass用法解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2021考研英语备考：bypass用法解析一、bypass是什么意思及用法名词1.【英】(绕过城市的)旁路，旁道2.(给心脏接旁通管的)分流术，搭桥术，旁通管及物动词：1.绕过，避开2.不顾(规章制度)，不请示词形变化时态bypassed，by-passed，bypassing，by-passing英语解释a surgically created shunt (usually around a damaged part)a road that takes traffic around the edge of a townavoid something unpleasant or laboriousa conductor having low resistance in parallel with another device to divert a fraction of the current例句"Does not utilize by-pass circulation of sewage water for cooling, unlike ""sewage cooled"" designs""不需要像""污水冷却""设计那样配置旁路循环污水来冷却。
"Network industry; network competition; vertical structure; bypass网络产业;网络竞争;纵向结构;绕道The glyoxylate bypass enzymes are at or below the limits ofdetection, even after a single day of germination甚至在萌发一天之后，乙醛酸支路的酶的活性是处于或低于检测极限的。
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1 93分考研达人英语笔记 一.考研阅读的基本解题思路：(四步走) 第一，扫描提干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1.通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题)； ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读，有重点的读) 2.抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ ②文章中有无提到核心概念？ ③作者的大致态度是什么？ 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。(仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩) 定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等) ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1.通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 二.阅读理解的解题技巧 1.例证题： ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。 ?即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳) 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3.词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案 注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 4.句子理解题： ①返回原文找到原句。 ②对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。 ③一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。 ④句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。 思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。 5.推理题：“最近原则” ①标志： learn, infer, imply, inform ②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。 ③依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样， 则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点 如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好；推的近的比推的远的要 好。 ④推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法) 注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。 6.主旨题： “串线摘帽” 即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。 ①主旨题的标志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title ②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章；针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的) ③小心首段陷阱。 ④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是： ⑴局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容； ⑵范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。 ⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。 7.作者态度题： ①标志：attitude 2
②应精确理解四个选项的含义。 ③不要掺杂自己的观点。 ④可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately, excessively, too many. ⑤举例的方式。 ⑥抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。 ⑦做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。 8.判断题： ①看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。 ②每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。 ③要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。 9.细节题： 看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案 10.重点题型中的几个问题： ①词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义 ②句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。 ③推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。 11.正确答案的特征： ①正确答案经常与中心思想有关。 ②正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。 ③正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。 ④从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some. ⑤正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。 12.错误答案的特征： 第一大层次：①无中生有(未提及的概念)； ②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反)； ③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边) 第二大层次：①过分绝对； ②扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly)； ③因果倒置； ④常识判断； ⑤推得过远； ⑥偏离中心； ⑦变换词性。 常识判断：如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现； 如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。 能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。 三.阅读的技巧 1.标点符号在阅读中的作用： ①句号。用来分割句子，以句号为单位，把段分隔成块，逐个击破。团?条 ②逗号。在两个逗号中间是一个补充说明成分时，在阅读过程中可以献跳过去不读。 ③冒号。冒号的后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。 ④分号。分号是用来分隔句子的，并列结构：语意上的并列、结构上的并列。 ⑤破折号。两个破折号之间是补充说明成分，在阅读中可以先不读。如果不能读懂破折号之前的句子的意思可借助破折号间的内容加以理解。 ⑥引号。引用和讽刺两种作用：⑴引用某人的观点(是支持还是反对)；⑵用来反讽，讽刺。
引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想，否则就没有意义。 ⑦括号。两种作用：补充说明、解释生词。 2.微观阅读的技巧： ①抓主干。 ②看标点符号。 ③被动变主动。 ④消减否定法。 ⑤重新断句。 ⑥对照法。抓一些重点词： ⑴解释词：namely (即，也就是)；likewise (同样的)；in other word (换句话说)； that is to say (那就是说)…… ⑵转折词??目的：体会一种逻辑关系，也是经常出题的地方。 but, yet, although, however, in contrast (与之形成对照的是) ⑶表示结果的词：thus, as a result, consequence ⑷表示递进的词：further more, in addition to ⑸表示重要的词：prime (首要的)； above all (最重要的)；first of all 3.宏观阅读的方法： 怎样对待一篇文章： ①一般来说，任何一篇文章都讲一个主题。 ②注意抓两类文体：一个是议论文，抓作者中心观点和作者态度； 二是说明文，抓说明对象和作者态度。 ③注意看清楚文章是由几个自然段构成，同时要注意看清楚文章的段落与段落之间是顺承结构还是转折结构。 ④注意文章的一些固有模式： 第一类型：启承传合型，要特别注意启和合的前后呼应。 第二类型：花开两朵型，要注意两个核心概念的区别和联系。 第三类型：问题答案型，一般来说问题就是文章的中心，阅读的目的就是为了寻找问题的答案。 第四类型：平铺直叙型，注意抓首段和中心。 第五类型：开门见山型。 4.总结段落的固有模式： ①中心句(段首句)??具体论述 ②中心句(段首句)??具体论述??中心句(段尾句) 如果段首句和段尾句是呼应的话，那么其之间的话必然是支持句，也可能反着说一下，但最终还是支持段首或段首主题句的。 ③过渡句(段首句)??具体论述 ④中心句(段首句)??具体论述??转折??具体论述 ⑤具体论述??中心句(段尾句) ⑥句句展开式(无明显主题句)指比较短的段落。如只有三、四行的段落。这样就没有必要在段首给出一个中心，后面再展开。而是直接把事情给描述一下就可以了。 5.读文章时需特别留意的细节： ①举例、打比喻处 ②人物论段 ③转折处后 ④复杂句