液体点滴速度监控系统的设计

摘要

输液是医院常用的治疗手段，传统输液过程中存在着输液速度不精确、需要人工监护等弊端。本文的目标就是设计一种输液监控系统以解决此问题。

本文设计的液体点滴速度监控装置系统，实现了对输液速度的检测与控制，实现了对储液瓶中液面高度的检测报警，并且动态显示输液速度。使用者可以通过按键设置输液速度，系统将自动对输液速度进行控制。此外系统还实现了多机通信，即一个主站控制一个和主从机之间的数据传输。当输液结束或输液速度发生异常时，从站使用发光二极管和蜂鸣器进行报警，并将报警信号通过串行口传送至主站，主站通过监控软件和蜂鸣器实现声光报警。

系统以8051单片机为核心，使用两块系统板（主机和从机）组成有线监控系统，主机实现对从机的控制及液体点滴速度的显示和液体点滴速度的键盘控制；从机通过外围电路检测储液瓶中液面高度和液体点滴速度；通过从机实现对步进电机控制以实现对储液瓶高低的控制，来实现控制液体点滴速度。

在整体方案设计中，在保证设计系统能达到的题目要求的精度和稳定度的前提下，考虑到系统的轻便性、实用性、可靠性，对电路系统进行了优化。

关键词：点滴速度；光电传感器；步进电机；单片机

ABSTRACT

Transfusion commonly used as treatment in hospital, but there were some problems, such as inaccurate, need transfusion of artificial guardianship, etc. The goal is to design a transfusion monitoring system in order to solve those problems.

The monitoring and controlling system of liquid drop speed by this paper, actualize the infusion rate of test, the control of reservoir fluid bottle level detection alarm and dynamic display of transfusion speed. Users can through the button to control transfusion speed and system will automatically transfusion speed of it. Besides the system also actualize multi-machine communication, that is, a master station to control a multiple machine from a station and the master-slave data transmission between. When the infusion end or infusion speed abnormal, slave light-emitting diodes and buzzer to alarm, and will alarm signals through serial transmission to the master, stood by buzzer sound-light alarm.

The systems use 8051 SCM as machine’s core. Use two systems board (host and slave) component cable monitoring system for control of the machine from host. The master station achieves the displaying of liquid drip speed and the keyboard to control liquid drip speed. Slave machines through the outer circuit testing reservoir liquid bottle in height and liquid dropping speed, and through the control of stepping motor speed control the level of liquid storage bottle to control liquid drop speed.

In the overall program design, in ensuring the use of design systems to achieve th e required accuracy and stability of the premise, taking into account the system’s portability, practicality, reliability, electrical systems were optimized.

Key words: liquid drop speed; photoelectric sensor; Stepper Motor; single chip

目录

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1课题背景 (1)

1.2课题研究的目的和意义 (1)

1.3 输液报警监控系统的方法 (2)

1.4 本课题采用的输液报警监控内容方法简介 (2)

1.5本文的结构 (3)

第二章输液监控系统的总体方案 (4)

2.1 输液监控系统的设计依据和目的 (4)

2.2系统方案论证与比较 (5)

2.2.1 控制方案的比较 (5)

2.2.2点滴检测方案比较 (5)

2.2.3液位监测方案比较 (5)

2.2.4速度控制方案 (6)

2.2.5电机的选择 (6)

2.2.6主从机通信方案 (7)

2.3系统总体框图 (8)

第三章系统的硬件设计 (10)

3.1 系统的硬件设计 (10)

3.2 从站各系统单元的设计 (11)

3.2.1中央处理单元 (11)

3.2.2点滴信号检测单元 (11)

3.2.3点滴信号的比较、滤波、整形电路 (12)

3.2.4 液位检测单元 (13)

3.2.5检测电路的抗干扰措施 (14)

3.2.6声光报警电路..............................................................................1

4.

3.2.7 步进电机驱动单元（高度调整单元） (15)

3.2.8 主从站接口电路 (16)

3.3 主站的硬件电路图及工作原理 (17)

3.3.1键盘单元 (18)

3.3.2 数码管显示单元 (20)

3.4 主从站芯片时钟电路 (21)