Suppression of Flow Separation Around A Circular Cylinder by Utilizing Lorentz Force
附面层抽吸位置对翼型绕流分离控制的影响
附面层抽吸位置对翼型绕流分离控制的影响张旺龙;谭俊杰;陈志华;任登凤【摘要】为了深入研究抽吸作用位置对翼型绕流分离控制效果的影响,采用HLLC 格式和双时间步长LU-SGS隐式算法对二维可压N-S方程进行数值求解,数值模拟了雷诺数Re为6 000时,NACA0012翼型在上翼面抽吸控制下的翼型绕流流场.研究了抽吸区域位置对翼型流动分离和翼型气动性能的影响.结果表明:同一抽吸系数下,合理的抽吸位置是有效改善翼型气动性能的重要因素,并且不同抽吸位置的作用机制不同.对于以开式分离为特征的NACA0012翼型绕流,其合理抽吸区域位于翼型前缘分离区内.【期刊名称】《南京理工大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2013(037)005【总页数】6页(P710-715)【关键词】附面层;抽吸位置;翼型绕流;分离控制【作者】张旺龙;谭俊杰;陈志华;任登凤【作者单位】南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094;南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094;南京理工大学瞬态物理国家重点实验室,江苏南京210094;南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094【正文语种】中文【中图分类】V211.3低雷诺数下的绕翼型非定常流动研究在飞行器设计中有着重要作用[1]。
随着高空无人飞行器和微型飞行器的不断发展，高空低雷诺数条件下高升阻比翼型的气动设计问题日益凸显，深入研究并控制翼型在低雷诺数条件下广泛存在的层流附面层分离现象，是提高低雷诺数下飞行器性能的迫切需要。
在低雷诺数条件下，翼型绕流常常处于层流状态，其抵抗逆压梯度的能力较弱，容易产生分离等非定常现象，对翼型的升阻力等气动性能产生严重的影响。
针对这种情况，人们一直在寻求有效控制流动的方法，试图通过改变飞行器边界层的流动结构，以达到消涡、减阻和提高推进效率及飞行稳定性的目的。
而在翼型吸力面开孔形成缝隙多孔表面，通过抽吸方式吸除一部分低能流体，延迟逆压梯度发生，减小壁面处速度剖面的曲率，可以达到抑制边界层分离[2]，减少流动损失，实现对翼型流动控制的目的。
大跨桥梁风效应的涡动力学机理与控制
项目名称：大跨桥梁风效应的涡动力学机理与控制推荐单位：哈尔滨工业大学项目简介：我国大跨桥梁数量世界第一，缆索承重桥梁是大跨度桥梁最主要的桥型。
缆索承重大跨度桥梁柔性大、阻尼小，是风敏感结构，易产生多类复杂风效应，甚至导致桥梁破坏倒塌，严重威胁桥梁安全与服役状态。
桥梁结构风效应本质上是由钝体绕流，并由此产生的流动分离和旋涡运动诱发的。
旋涡是流体运动的肌腱，对桥梁结构风效应具有决定性作用。
但大跨度桥梁因气动外形复杂、风场不均匀和三维流固耦合效应，桥梁结构涡动力行为及其机理是桥梁风工程领域长期面临的难题。
本项目针对缆索承重大跨度桥梁主梁和拉索两类生命线构件风效应，在国内外率先发现了其旋涡时空分布等涡动力学行为和旋涡与结构振动耦合作用机理，提出了基于涡动力学的桥梁结构风效应控制原理和方法，形成了桥梁结构涡动力学及其控制理论。
重要科学发现如下：1.大跨度桥梁分离式主梁风效应涡动力学行为与机理。
发现了分离式双箱梁绕流场空隙旋涡、多旋涡共存及其空间分布特征、以及空隙流动模态突变等独特的涡动力行为，得到了箱梁间流态突变的临界空隙比，揭示了分离式箱梁独特涡动力行为形成机理；发现了分离式双箱梁涡激振动全过程涡动力行为（旋涡形成、分布、相互作用、时空演化规律），建立了旋涡空间分布与结构振动的能量传输关系，发现运动致空隙旋涡是分离式双箱梁大幅涡激振动的控制因素，揭示了分离式双箱梁涡激振动流固耦合作用机理。
2.大跨度桥梁斜拉索风效应涡动力学行为与机理。
针对斜拉索风雨振，发明了斜拉索水线超声检测技术，揭示了水线几何特征和运动规律，发现了风雨激振水线运动与拉索振动低频同频锁定机理；监测了超长斜拉索高阶多模态涡激振动，发现了剪切流场诱发斜拉索尾流旋涡脱落频率轴向非一致性、行波效应与梯阶锁定特征，提出了斜拉索多模态涡激振动参与模态预测方法；揭示了长期服役下斜拉索腐蚀和力学性能演化规律，建立了单丝强度概率分布与斜拉索承载力之间关系模型，提出斜拉索全寿命承载力评价方法。
关于改变的英语作文名言名句
关于改变的英语作文名言名句The Unstoppable Force of Change: A Literary Exploration.Change, a ubiquitous and inevitable force, has been a subject of profound contemplation and artistic expression throughout the annals of literature. From Shakespeare's timeless insights to contemporary authors' poignant reflections, writers have captured the multifaceted natureof change, its transformative power, and its enduringimpact on the human experience.Shakespeare's Immutable Truths.William Shakespeare, the undisputed master of the English language, painted a vivid tapestry of change in his plays. In "Sonnet 18," he extols the beauty of his beloved by comparing her to an "ever-fixed mark," a beacon of stability amidst the relentless march of time. Yet, in the same breath, he acknowledges the fleeting nature of life, reminding us that "the world is too much with us":“But wherefore do not you a mightier way.Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time?And fortify yourself in your decay.With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?”。
政治英语试题题库及答案
政治英语试题题库及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the political system in many countries?A. MonarchyB. DemocracyC. DictatorshipD. Anarchy答案：B2. The term "political ideology" refers to:A. A set of beliefs about politics.B. A type of political party.C. A political leader.D. A political system.答案：A3. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually:A. The monarch.B. The president.C. The prime minister.D. The speaker of the parliament.答案：C二、填空题4. The concept of __________ is central to the functioning ofa democratic society.答案：citizen participation5. The __________ is the process by which citizens choose their governing officials.答案：election6. The separation of powers is a principle that divides government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent __________.答案：abuse of power三、简答题7. Explain the difference between a federal system and a unitary system of government.答案：A federal system is a political system in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. A unitary system, on the other hand, is a form of government where the central government holds most of the political power and the local governments are subordinate to the central authority.8. What is the role of the judiciary in a democratic society?答案：The judiciary in a democratic society serves as an independent branch of government that interprets and applies the law. It has the power to review the actions of the other branches (executive and legislative) to ensure they are incompliance with the constitution and laws.四、论述题9. Discuss the importance of free speech in a democratic political system.答案：Free speech is a cornerstone of a democraticpolitical system. It allows for the open exchange of ideas and opinions, which is essential for informed decision-making by the public and their representatives. It also serves as a check on the power of the government, as it enables citizens to criticize and hold their leaders accountable. Without free speech, there is a risk of the concentration of power and the suppression of dissent, which can lead to authoritarianism.五、案例分析题10. Analyze the impact of the 2020 United States presidential election on the global political landscape.答案：The 2020 United States presidential election had a significant impact on the global political landscape. The election saw a peaceful transition of power, which reinforced the importance of democratic institutions. The outcome influenced international relations, with the new administration's policies potentially leading to shifts in trade agreements, climate change initiatives, and alliances with other nations. Additionally, the election highlighted the role of social media in political discourse and the challenges of misinformation, which are relevant to democracies worldwide.请注意，以上内容仅为示例，具体试题及答案应根据实际教学大纲和课程内容进行设计。
色谱英语词汇
色谱英语词汇色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2，second central moment三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment液相色谱法liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography，LLC液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC亲和色谱法affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector工作站work station固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid载体support柱填充剂column packing化学键合相填充剂chemically bonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂pellicular packing多孔型填充剂porous packing吸附剂adsorbent离子交换剂ion exchanger基体matrix载板support plate粘合剂binder流动相mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant，eluent展开剂developer等水容剂isohydric solvent改性剂modifier显色剂color [developing] agent死时间t0，dead time保留时间tR，retention time调整保留时间t'R，adjusted retention time死体积V0，dead volume保留体积vR，retention volume调整保留体积v'R，adjusted retention volume柱外体积V ext，extra-column volune粒间体积V0，interstitial volume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP，pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积Vtol，total liquid volume洗脱体积ve，elution volume流体力学体积vh，hydrodynamic volume相对保留值ri.s，relative retention value分离因子α，separation factor流动相迁移距离dm，mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿mobile phase front溶质迁移距离ds，solute migration distance比移值Rf，Rf value高比移值hRf，high Rf value相对比移值Ri.s，relative Rf value保留常数值Rm，Rm value板效能plate efficiency折合板高hr，reduced plate height分离度R，resolution液相载荷量liquid phase loading离子交换容量ion exchange capacity负载容量loading capacity渗透极限permeability limit排除极限Vh，max，exclusion limit拖尾因子T，tailing factor柱外效应extra-column effect管壁效应wall effect间隔臂效应spacer arm effect边缘效应edge effect斑点定位法localization of spot放射自显影法autoradiography原位定量in situ quantitation生物自显影法bioautography归一法normalization method内标法internal standard method外标法external standard method叠加法addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation] 加宽校正broadening correction加宽校正因子broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数ε0，solvent strength parameter洗脱序列eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱gradient elution(再)循环洗脱recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient程序溶剂programmed solvent程序压力programmed pressure程序流速programmed flow展开development上行展开ascending development下行展开descending development双向展开two dimensional development环形展开circular development离心展开centrifugal development向心展开centripetal development径向展开radial development多次展开multiple development分步展开stepwise development连续展开continuous development梯度展开gradient development匀浆填充slurry packing停流进样stop-flow injection阀进样valve injection柱上富集on-column enrichment流出液eluate柱上检测on-column detection柱寿命column life柱流失column bleeding显谱visualization活化activation反冲back flushing脱气degassing沟流channeling过载overloading色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height 峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复斑multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2，second central moment三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment液相色谱法liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography，LLC液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC亲和色谱法affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector教你如何用WORD文档(2012-06-27 192246)转载▼标签：杂谈1. 问：WORD 里边怎样设置每页不同的页眉？如何使不同的章节显示的页眉不同？答：分节，每节可以设置不同的页眉。
医学专业词汇前缀 后缀 词根
WORD PART MEANINGa- not, without, lack of, absence ab- away fromabdomin/o abdomen -ac pertaining toacous, acus sound, hearing acro- extremity, endad- toward, near aden/o glandadip/o fat adren/o adrenal gland, epinephrine adrenal/o adrenal gland adrenocortic/o adrenal cortexaer/o air, gas -algesia pain-al pertaining to alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o pain-algia pain ambly- dimamnio amnion amyl/o starchan- not, without, lack of andr/o maleangi/o vessel an/o anusante- before anti- against ,aort/o aorta -ar pertaining toarter/o, arteri/o artery arteriol/o arteriolearthr/o joint -ary pertaining to-ase enzyme atel/o incompleteatri/o atrium audi/o hearingauto- self azot/o nitrogen compoundsbacill/i, bacill/o bacillus bacteri/o bacteriumbar/o pressure bi- two, twicebili bile blast/o, -blast immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell blephar/o eyelid brachi/o armbrady- slow bucc/o cheekbronch/i, bronch/o bronchus bronchiol bronchioleburs/o bursa calc/i calciumcali, calic calyx cardi/o heart-capnia carbon dioxide (level of) carcin/o cancer, carcinomacec/o cecum -cele hernia, localized dilationceli/o abdomen centesis puncture, tapcephal/o head cerebell/o cerebellumcerebr/o cerebrum cervic/o neck, cervix ,chem/o chemical cholangi/o bile ductchol/e, chol/o bile, gall cholecyst/o gallbladdercholedoch/o common bile duct chondr/o cartilagechori/o, choroid/o choroid chrom/o, chromat/o color, stainchron/o time circum- aroundclasis, -clasia breaking clitor/o, clitorid/o clitoriscoccy, coccyg/o coccyx cochle/o cochlea (of inner ear)col/o, colon/o colon colp/o vaginacontra- against, opposite corne/o corneacortic/o outer portion, cerebral cortex cost/o ribcounter opposite, against crani/o skull, craniumcry/o cold crypt/o hiddencus sound, hearing cyan/o- bluecycl/o ciliary body, ciliary muscle (of eye) cyst/o, cyst/i filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder ,-cyte, cyt/o cell dacry/o tear, lacrimal apparatus dacryocyst/o lacrimal sac dactyl/o finger, toede- down, without, removal, loss dent/o, dent/i tooth, teethderm/o, dermat/o skin -desis binding, fusiondextr/o- right di- two, twicedia- through dilation, dilatation expansion, wideningdipl/o- double dis- absence, removal, separationduoden/o duodenum dys- abnormal, painful, difficultec- out, outside ectasia, ectasis dilation, dilatationecto- out, outside -ectomy excision, surgical removaledema accumulation of fluid, swelling electr/o electricityembryo/o embryo emesis vomiting-emia condition of blood encephal/o brainend/o- in, within endocrin/o endocrineenter/o intestine epi- on, overepididym/o epididymis episi/o vulvaequi- equal, same erg/o workerythr/o- red, red blood cell , erythrocyt/o red blood cellesophag/o esophagus -esthesia, -esthesi/o sensation ,eu- true, good, easy, normal ex/o away from, outsideextra- outside fasci/o fasciaferr/i, ferr/o iron fet/o fetusfibr/o fiber -form like, resemblinggalact/o milk gangli/o, ganglion/o gangliongastr/o stomach gen, genesis origin, formationger/e, ger/o old age -geusia sense of tastegingiv/o gum gli/o neurogliaglomerul/o glomerulus gloss/o tonguegluc/o glucose glyc/o sugar, glucosegnath/o jaw -gram record of data-graph instrument for recording data -graphy act of recording datagravida pregnant woman gyn/o, gynec/o womanhem/o, hemat/o blood hemi- half, one side-hemia condition of blood hepat/o liverhetero- other, different, unequal hidr/o sweat, perspirationhist/o, histi/o tissue homo-, homeo- same, unchanginghydr/o water, fluid hyper- over, excess, increased, abnormally high hypn/o sleep hypo- under, below, decreased, abnormally low hypophys pituitary, hypophysis hyster/o uterus-ia condition of -ian specialist-ia/sis condition of -iatrics medical specialtyiatr/o physician -iatry medical specialty-ic pertaining to -ical pertaining to-ics medical specialty idr/o sweat, perspiration-ile pertaining to ile/o ileumili/o ilium im- notimmun/o immunity, immune system in- notinfra- below in/o fiber, muscle fiber insul/o pancreatic islets inter- betweenintra- in, within ir-, irit/o, irid/o iris-ism condition of iso- equal, same-ist specialist -itis inflammationjejun/o jejunum juxta- near, besidekali potassium kary/o nucleuskerat/o cornea, keratin, horny layer of skin , kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o movement labi/o lip labyrinth/o labyrinth (inner ear) lacrim/o tear, lacrimal apparatus lact/o milk-lalia speech, babble lapar/o abdominal walllaryng/o larynx lent/i lens-lepsy seizure leuk/o- white, colorless, white blood cell , leukocyt/o white blood cell -lexia readinglingu/o tongue lip/o fat, lipidlith calculus, stone -logy study oflumb/o lumbar region, lower back lymphaden/o lymph node lymphangi/o lymphatic vessel lymph/o lymph, lymphatic system, lymphocyte , lymphocyt/o lymphocyte lysis separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction -lytic dissolving, reducing, loosening macro- large, abnormally largemal- bad, poor malacia softeningmamm/o breast, mammary gland mania excited state, obsessionmast/o breast, mammary gland medull/o inner part, medulla oblongata, spinal cord mega-, megalo- large, abnormally large -megaly enlargementmelan/o- black, dark, melanin , mening/o, meninge/o meningesmen/o, mens month, menstruation mes/o middle-meter instrument for measuring metr/o measuremetr/o, metr/i uterus -metry measurement ofmicro- small, one millionth -mimetic mimicking, simulatingmon/o one morph/o form, structuremuc/o mucus, mucous membrane multi- manymuscul/o muscle myc/o fungus, moldmyel/o bone marrow, spinal cord , , my/o musclemyring/o tympanic membrane myx/o mucusnarc/o stupor, unconsciousness , nas/o nosenat/i birth natri sodiumnecrosis death of tissue neo- newnephr/o kidney neur/o, neur/i nervous system, nerve noct/i night non- notnormo- normal nucle/o nucleusnyct/o night, darkness ocul/o eyeodont/o tooth, teeth -odynia pain-oid like, resembling olig/o- few, scanty, deficiency of-oma tumor onc/o tumoronych/o nail oo ovumoophor/o ovary ophthalm/o eye-opia eye, vision -opsia visionopt/o eye, vision orchid/o, orchi/o testisor/o mouth ortho- straight, correct, upright-ory pertaining to osche/o scrotum-ose sugar -o/sis condition of-osmia sense of smell oste/o boneot/o ear -ous pertaining toovari/o ovary ov/o ovum-oxia oxygen (level of) ox/y oxygen, sharp, acute ,pachy- thick palat/o palatepalpebr/o eyelid pan- allpancreat/o pancreas papill/o nipplepara- near, beside para woman who has given birth parathyr/o, parathyroid/o parathyroid paresis partial paralysispath/o, -pathy disease, any disease of , ped/o foot, child ,pelvi/o pelvis -penia decrease in, deficiency ofper- through peri- aroundperine/o perineum periton, peritone/o peritoneum-pexy surgical fixation phac/o, phak/o lensphag/o eat, ingest pharmac/o drugpharyng/o pharynx -phasia speechphil, -philic attracting, absorbing phleb/o veinphobia fear phon/o sound, voice-phonia voice phot/o lightphren/o diaphragm phrenic/o phrenic nervepituitar pituitary hypophysis plas, -plasia formation, molding, development -plasty plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction -plegia paralysispleur/o pleura -pnea breathingpneum/o, pneumat/o air, gas, lung respiration pneumon/o lungpod/o foot -poiesis formation, productionpoikilo- varied, irregular poly- many, muchpost- after, behind pre- before, in front of presby- old ,prim/i- first pro- before, in front of proct/o rectumprostat/o prostate prote/o protein pseudo- falsepsych/o mind ptosis dropping, downward displacement, prolapseptysis spitting pulm/o, pulmon/o lung pupill/o pupilpyel/o renal pelvis pylor/o pylorus py/o puspyr/o, pyret/o fever, fire , quadr/i- four rachi/o spineradicul/o root of spinal nerve radi/o radiation, x-ray re- again, backrect/o rectum ren/o kidney reticul/o network retin/o retinaretro- behind, backward -rhage, -rhagia bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage -rhaphy surgical repair, suture -rhea flow, discharge -rhexis rupturerhin/o nose sacchar/o sugar sacr/o sacrumsalping/o tube, oviduct, eustachian (auditory) tube , -schisis fissure, splitting scler/o hard, sclera (of eye) , sclerosis hardening ,-scope instrument for viewing or examining -scopy examination ofseb/o sebum, sebaceous gland semi- half, partialsemin semen sial/o saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct sider/o iron sigmoid/o sigmoid colon sinistr/o left -sis condition ofsomat/o body -some body somn/i, somn/o sleepson/o sound, ultrasound spasm sudden contraction, crampsperm/i semen spermat/o spermatozoaspir/o breathing splen/o spleenspondyl/o vertebra staped/o, stapedi/o stapesstaphyl/o grapelike cluster, staphylococcus stasis suppression, stoppagesteat/o fatty stenosis narrowing, constrictionsteth/o chest stoma, stomat/o mouth-stomy surgical creation of an opening strept/o- twisted chain, streptococcussub- below, under super- above, excesssupra- above syn-, sym- togethersynov/i synovial joint, synovial membrane tachy- rapidtel/e-, tel/o- end ten/o, tendin/o tendonterat/o malformed fetus test/o testis tetra- fourthalam/o thalamus therm/o heat, temperaturethorac/o chest, thorax thromb/o blood clotthrombocyt/o platelet, thrombocyte thym/o thymus glandthyr/o, thyroid/o thyroid toc/o labor-tome instrument for incising (cutting) -tomy incision, cuttington/o tone tonsill/o tonsiltox/o, toxic/o poison, toxin , trache/o tracheatrans- through tri- threetrich/o hair -tripsy crushingtrop,- tropic act(ing) on, affect(ing) troph/o, -trophy, -trophia feeding, growth, nourishment tympan/o tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane un- notuni- one ureter/o ureter urethr/o urethra-uria urine, urination ur/o urine, urinary tract urin/o urineuter/o uterus uve/o uvea (of eye) vagin/o sheath, vaginavalv/o, valvul/o valve varic/o twisted and swollen vein vascul/o vesselvas/o vessel, duct, vas deferens , , ven/o, ven/i vein ventricul/o cavity, ventricle ,vertebr/o vertebra, spinal column vesic/o urinary bladdervesicul/o seminal vesicle vestibul/o vestibule, vestibular apparatus (of ear) vir/o virusvulv/o vulva xanth/o- yellow xero- dry -y condition of abdomen abdomin/o, celi/o abdominal wall lapar/oabnormal dys- abnormally high hyper-abnormally large macro-, mega-, megalo- , abnormally low hypo-above super-, supra- , absence a-, an-, dis-absorb(ing) phil, -philic accumulation of fluid edemaact of recording data -graphy act(ing) on trop, -tropic ,acute ox/y adrenal gland adren/o, adrenal/oadrenaline adren/o adrenal adren/oadrenal cortex adrenocortic/o affect(ing) trop, -tropicafter post- again re- against anti-, contra- , ,air aer/o, pneumat/o , all pan- amnion amnioanus an/o any disease of -pathyaorta aort/o arm brachi/o around circum-, peri-arteriole arteriol/o artery arter/o, arteri/o atrium atri/oattract(ing) phil, -philic away from ab-, ex/o- ,babble -lalia bacillus bacill/i, bacill/o back re-backward retro- bacterium bacteri/o bad mal-before ante-, pre-, pro- behind post-, retro- , below hypo-, infra-, sub- ,beside para-, juxta- between inter- bile bili, chol/e, chol/obile duct cholangi/o binding -desis birth nat/iblack melan/o- , bladder cyst/o, cyst/i ,bladder (urinary) cyst/o, vesic/o blood hem/o, hemat/o blood (condition of) -emia, -hemia blood clot thromb/o blue cyan/o- body somat/o, -somebone oste/o bone marrow myel/o , ,brain encephal/o breaking clasis, clasia breast mamm/o, mast/o breathing -pnea, spir/o , bronchiole bronchiol bronchus bronch/i, bronch/o bursa burs/o bursting forth -rhage, -rhagia calcium calc/icalculus lith calyx cali, calic cancer carcin/ocarbon dioxide -capnia carcinoma carcin/o cartilage chondr/ocavity ventricul/o , cecum cec/o cell -cyte, cyt/o cerebellum cerebell/o cerebral cortex cortic/o cerebrum cerebr/o cervix cervic/o chain (twisted) strept/o cheek bucc/o chemical chem/o chest thorac/o, steth/o child ped/o choroid chori/o, choroid/o ciliary body cycl/o ciliary muscle cycl/o clitoris clitor/o, clitorid/o clot thromb/ococcyx coccy, coccyg/o cochlea cochle/o cold cry/o colon col/o, colon/ocolor chrom/o, chromat/o colorless leuk/o- common bile duct choledoch/o condition of -ia, -ia/sis, -ism, -o/sis, -sis, -y condition of blood -emia, -hemia constriction stenosis contraction (sudden) spasm cornea corne/o, kerat/ocorrect ortho- cramp spasm cranium crani/o crushing -tripsycutting -tomy cutting instrument -tome cyst cyst/o, cyst/i dark melan/o- , darkness nyct/odata -gram death of tissue necrosis decreased, decrease in hypo-, -penia , deficiency of oligo-, -penia destruction lysis development plas, -plasiadiaphragm phren/o different hetero- difficult dys-dilatation, dilation ectasia, ectasis dim ambly- discharge -rheadisease path/o, -pathy dissolving lysis, -lytic double dipl/o-down de- dropping, downward displacement ptosis drug pharmac/odry xero- duct vas/o duodenum duoden/o ear ot/oeasy eu- eat phag/o egg oo, ov/o electricity electr/oembryo embry/o embryonic cell -blast, blast/o end tel/e, tel/o, acro ,endocrine endocrin/o enlargement -megaly enzyme -aseepididymis epididym/o epinephrine adren/o equal iso-, equi-esophagus esophag/o eustachian (auditory) tube salping/o examination of -scopy excess hyper-, super- excision -ectomy excited state maniaexpansion dilation, dilatation, ectasia, ectasis extremity acro eye ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o, -opia , eyelid blephar/o, palpebr/o false pseudo- fascia fasci/o fat adip/o, lip/ofatty steat/o fear phobia feeding troph/o, -trophy, -trophia fetus fet/ofetus (malformed) terat/o fever pyr/o, pyret/o , few oligo-fiber fibr/o, in/o , filled sac or pouch cyst/o, cyst/i finger dactyl/ofire pyr/o, pyret/o first prim/i- fissure -schisis fixation (surgical) -pexyflow -rhea fluid hydr/o foot ped/o, pod/o form morph/oformation gen, genesis, plas, -plasia, -poiesis , four quadr/i, tetra-fungus myc/o fusion -desis gall chol/e, chol/ogallbladder cholecyst/o ganglion gangli/o, ganglion/ogas aer/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o , gland aden/o glomerulus glomerul/o glucose gluc/o, glyc/o good eu- grapelike cluster staphyl/ogrowth troph/o, -trophy, -trophia gum gingiv/o hair trich/ohalf hemi-, semi- hard scler/o hardening sclerosis ,head cephal/o hearing acous, acus, audi/o, cusheart cardi/o heat therm/ohemorrhage -rhage, -rhagia hernia -celehidden crypt/o horny layer of skin kerat/ohypophysis hypophys, pituitar islets (pancreatic) insul/oileum ile/o ilium ili/o immature cell blast/o, -blastimmune system immun/o immunity immun/o in end/o-, intra- ,in front of pre-, pro- incision of -tomy incomplete atel/o- increased hyper- inflammation -itis ingest phag/o instrument for incising (cutting) -tomeinstrument for measuring -meter instrument for recording data -graphinstrument for viewing or examining -scopeintestine enter/o iris ir, irid/o, irit/oiron ferr/i, ferr/o, sider/o irregular poikilo- jaw gnath/ojejunum jejun/o joint arthr/o keratin kerat/o kidney nephr/o, ren/olabor toc/o labyrinth labyrinth/o lack of a-, an-lacrimal apparatus dacry/o, lacrim/o lacrimal sac dacryocyst/olarge macro-, mega-, megalo- , larynx laryng/o left sinistr/o-lens lent/i, phac/o, phak/o leukocyte leuk/o, leukocyt/o level of carbon dioxide -capnia level of oxygen -oxia light phot/o like -form, -oidlip labi/o lipid lip/o liver hepat/o localized dilation -cele loosening lysis, -lytic , loss de- lumbar region, lower back lumb/o lung, lungs pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o lymph, lymphatic system lymph/o lymph node lymphaden/olymphatic vessel lymphangi/o lymphocyte lympho, lymphocyt/o male andr/omalformed fetus terat/o mammary gland mamm/o, mast/o many multi-, poly-marrow myel/o measure metr/o measuring instrument -meter measurement of -metry medical specialty -ics, -iatrics, iatry medulla oblongata medull/o melanin melan/omeninges mening/o, meninge/o menstruation men/o, mens middle meso-milk galact/o, lact/o mimicking -mimetic mind psych/o mold myc/omolding plas, -plasia month men/o, mens mouth or/o, stoma, stomat/omovement kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o much poly- mucus muc/o, myx/omucous membrane muc/o muscle my/o, muscul/o muscle fiber in/onail onych/o narrowing stenosis near ad-, juxta-, para- ,neck cervic/o , nerve, nervous system, nervous tissue neur/o, neur/inetwork reticul/o neuroglia gli/o new neo- night noct/i, nyct/onipple papill/o nitrogen compounds azot/o normal eu-, normo- ,nose nas/o, rhin/o not a-, an-, in-, im-, non-, un- nourishment troph/o, -trophy, -trophia nucleus kary/o, nucle/o obsession mania old presby- , old age ger/e, ger/oone mon/o-, uni- one side hemi- opening (created surgically) -stomyopposite contra- , origin gen, genesis other hetero-out, outside ec-, ecto-, ex/o, extra- , outer portion cortic/o ovary ovari/o, oophor/oover hyper-, epi- , oviduct salping/o ovum oo, ov/o oxygen ox/y, -oxia ,pain -algia, -odynia , pain -algesia, alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o , , ,painful dys- palate palat/o pancreas pancreat/opancreatic islets insul/o paralysis -plegiaparalysis (partial) paresis parathyroid parathyr/o, parathyroid/opartial semi- partial paralysis paresis pelvis pelvi/operineum perine/o peritoneum periton, peritone/operspiration hidr/o, idr/o pertaining to -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ial, -ic, -ical, -ile,-ory, -ous pharynx pharyng/o phrenic nerve phrenic/o physician iatr/o pituitary pituitar, hypophys plastic repair, plastic surgery -plasty platelet thrombocyt/o pleura pleur/o poison tox/o, toxic /o , poor mal- potassium kali pouch (filled) cyst/o, cyst /i pregnant woman gravida pressure bar/o production –poiesis productive cell blast/o, -blast profuse flow -rhage, -rhagia prolapse ptosis prostate prostat/o protein prote/o puncture centesis pupil pupill/o pus py/o pylorus pylor/o radiation radi/o rapid tachy- reading -lexia reconstruction -plasty record of data -gram recording data (act of) -graphy rectum rect/o, proct/o red erythr/o-red blood cell erythr/o, erythrocyt/o reducing -lytic removal de-, dis-removal (surgical) -ectomy renal pelvis pyel/o repair (plastic) -plastyrepair (surgical) -rhaphy respiration pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o resembling -form, -oid retina retin/o rib cost/o right dextr/o- root of spinal nerve radicul/orupture -rhexis sac (filled) cyst/o, cyst/i sacrum sacr/o saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct sial/osame equi-, homo-, homeo-, iso- sclera (of eye) scler/o scanty oligo-scrotum osche/o sebum, sebaceous gland seb/o seizure -lepsy self auto-semen semin, sperm/i, spermat/o seminal vesicle vesicul/o sensation -esthesia, esthesi/o , sense of smell -osmia sense of taste -geusia separation dis-, -lysis ,sharp ox/y sheath vagin/o sigmoid colon sigmoid/o simulating -mimetic skin derm/o, dermat/o skull crani/o sleep somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o , slow brady- small micro- smell (sense of) -osmia sodium natrisoftening malacia sound phon/o, son/o, acous, acus, cus , specialist -ian, -ist, -logist specialty -ics, -iatrics, -iatry speech -phasia, -lalia sperm, spermatozoa sperm/i, spermat/o spinal column vertebr/o spinal cord myel/o, medulla spine rachi/o spitting ptysisspleen splen/o splitting -schisis stain chrom/o, chromat/ostapes staped/o, stapedi/o staphylococcus staphyl/o starch amyl/ostomach gastr/o stone lith stoppage stasis straight ortho- streptococcus strept/o structure morph/o study of -logy stupor narc/o , sugar glyc/o, sacchar/o, -ose sudden contraction spasm suppression stasissurgery (plastic) -plasty surgical creation of an opening -stomy surgical fixation -pexy surgical removal -ectomy surgical repair -rhaphy suture -rhaphysweat hidr/o, idr/o swelling edema synovial fluid, joint, membrane synov/itap centesis taste (sense of) -geusia tear dacry/o, lacrim/oteeth dent/o, denti, odont/o temperature therm/o tendon ten/o, tendin/otestis test/o, orchid/o, orchi/o thalamus thalam/o thick pachy-thorax thorac/o three tri- thrombocyte thrombocyt/o through dia-, per-, trans- thymus gland thym/o thyroid thyr/o, thyroid/o time chron/o tissue hist/o, histi/o tissue death necrosis toe dactyl/o together syn-, sym- tone ton/otongue gloss/o, lingu/o tonsil tonsill/o tooth -dent/o, dent/i, odont/o toward ad- toxin tox/o, toxic/o trachea trache/o true eu- tube salping/o ,tumor onc/o, -oma , twice bi-, di- twisted chain strept/o twisted and swollen vein varic/o two bi-, di-, dipl/o- tympanic cavity tympan/o tympanic membrane myring/o, tympan/o ultrasound son/o unchanging homo-, homeo- unconsciousness narc/o under hypo-, sub- , unequal hetero- upright ortho- ureter ureter/o urethra urethr/o urinary bladder cyst/o, vesic/o urine, urinary tract, urination ur/o, -uria uterus hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, uter/o uvea uve/o vagina colp/o, vagin/o valve valv/o, valvul/o varied poikilo-vas deferens vas/o vein ven/o, ven/i, phleb/o vein (twisted, swollen) varic/oventricle ventricul/o , vertebra spondyl/o, vertebr/o vessel angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o , , vestibular apparatus, vestibule vestibul/o virus vir/o vision opt/o, -opia, -opsia ,voice phon/o, -phonia , vomiting emesis vulva episi/o, vulv/o water hydr/o white leuk/o- white blood cell leuk/o, leukocyt/o widening ectasia, ectasis, dilation, dilatation within end/o-, intra- , without a-, an-, de- woman gyn/o, gynec/owoman who has given birth para work erg/o x-ray radi/oyellow xanth/o-。
英语翻译资格考试-翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题词汇和语法（一）
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题词汇和语法(一)一、词汇选择1、 There was a noisy ______ at the back of the hall when the speaker began his address.A. interactionB. irritationC. disturbanceD. interruption2、 Violence is just one of the many problems ______ in city life.A. abundantB. inherentC. substantialD. coherent3、 He gave his work to his friend to ______, because he found it hard to see his own mistakes.A. adjustB. compileC. reviseD. verify4、This is but a ______ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored．A．friction B．fraction C．faction D．fracture5、They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic ______ that account．A．on B．by C．for D．with6、 The patient is not in good condition, so do not ______ your visit.A. lengthenB. delayC. extendD. prolong7、Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete and ______ to try to reach possible survivors．A．scraps B．leftovers C．debris D．residues8、 Trees that ______ the view of the oncoming traffic should be cut down.A. blockB. inhibitC. spoilD. alter9、 A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in ______ this system.A. definingB. implyingC. reducingD. perfecting10、 People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______.A．lucrative B．introverted C．vivacious D．perilous二、词汇选择11、 The teacher was ______ both in his marking of homework and also in his treatment of offenders.A. mercifulB. forgivingC. pitifulD. lenient12、The concept of a loyal opposition—the ______ of modern democracy—rarely prevails and． much more frequently, opposition is equated with treason and ruthlessly suppressed．A．100p B．essence C．equivalent D．velocity13、 Every chemical change either results from energy being sued to produce the change, or causes energy to be ______ in some form．A．given off B．put out C．set off D．used up14、 My students found the book ______ it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.A. enlighteningB. confusingC. distractingD. amusing15、 Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh announced they had discovered ______ evidence that a virus is involved in what used to be called juvenile diabetes.A. incessantB. compellingC. identicalD. problematic16、______ David loves his daughters, he is strict with them．A．If B．Although C．When D．For17、Timmer is known as a touch manager who demands ______ results．A．credible B．undeniable C．dynamic D．tangible18、 The primordial fireball would have been a dense roiling stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the ______ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again.A. colossalB. audaciousC. ambientD. autonomous19、 Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at Stanford, notes that unlike greenhouse gases, which ______ rapidly around the globe, the sulfate droplets tend to concentrate over industrialized regions.A. unifyB. fragmentC. disperseD. shatter20、Our corporation's obligation under this ______ is limited to repair or replacement．A．warranty B．license C．market D．necessity21、 He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any ______ on what he promises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance22、 It was a type of urban story that continues to ______ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into one's own hands to make dreams come true.A. propelB. penetrateC. baffleD. harness23、 Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will ______ down the economy.A. putB. settleC. dragD. knock24、They are a firm of good repute and have large financial ______.A．reserves B．savings C．storages D．resources25、Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and his-torians and get a firsthand look at the ______ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors．A. legacyB. bequestC. converseD. miracle26、 Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express ______ at the brutality that women and children face every day.A. aggressionB. extenuationC. outrageD. suppression27、 When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them ______.A. offB. asideC. outD. down28、 In this factory the machines are not regulated ______ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.A. independentlyB. individuallyC. irrespectivelyD. irregularly29、 In the search for solution to seemingly overwhelming problems, it became increasingly ______ to include radical, even revolutionary ideas.A. stableB. absoluteC. immortalD. plausible30、He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a ______ of Henry Kissinger．A．casualty B．criteria C．dissection D．necessity三、词汇选择31、 Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______ in comparison.A. overwhelmingB. uninspiringC. astoundingD. trifling32、 Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more ______ Germanic times.A. remoteB. similarC. austereD. barbaric33、The director of the research institute came in person to ______ that everything was all right．A．make out B．make sure C．make clear D．make up34、The leaders of the two countries are planning their summit meeting witha ______ to maintain and develop good ties．A．score B．priority C．pledge D．reward35、 Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its ______ and movement in and through land areas.A. flowB. absorptionC. distributionD. evaporation36、 A person's psychological ______ has much to do with his or her happiness in life.A. stateB. territoryC. interestD. nation37、The Lewis and Clark expedition ______ the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond as far as the Pacific Ocean.A. locatedB. searchedC. exploitedD. developed38、Monkeys are excellent climbers, and most are ______ tree dwellers．A．often B．primarily C．rarely D．savagely．39、 Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently ______.A. repeatingB. terminalC. debilitatingD. recurrent40、 Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the U. S. President when many businesses were ______ during the Great Depression.A. failingB. incorporatingC. buying stocksD. expanding41、 Brass concert music was ______ to a new level in the 1880s when John Philip Sousa took over the U. S. Marine Band.A. strengthenedB. headedC. liftedD. briefed42、 He didn't do so well in the race ______ his training.A. for allB. above allC. in allD. after all43、 Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun and its period of ______ is 88 days.A．movement B．evolution C．return D．revolution44、 Although the end of the term was close ______, Jim had not completed all of the projects he had hoped to finish.A. on handB. by handC. at handD. in hand45、 Heat exhaustion is a condition caused by ______ to sunlight or another heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depleti on.A. a reaction toB. overexposureC. an limitation ofD. an absence of46、 Grand Teton National Park ______ the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range.A. excludesB. fulfilsC. dominatesD. expanding47、 A loan refers to anything given on condition of its return or repayment of its ______.A. excessB. debtC. currencyD. equivalent48、As a salesman, he works on a ______ basis，taking 10% of everything he sells．A．revenue B．commission C．salary D．pension49、Nepal is a country in central Asia that is landlocked and ______ by the Himalayas．A．secluded B．bordered C．integrated D．opened50、The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to ______ the individual species．A．identify B．classify C．isolate D．separate答案:一、词汇选择1、C[解析] 本题是说当演讲者开始演讲时，在礼堂后有一阵嘈杂的骚乱。
物理实验报告英文版7
iv
Table of Contents
Title Page Authorization Page Signature Page Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Abstract Chapter1 Introduction 1.1 Structure of Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Electronic properties of Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter2 Superconductivity in 0.4nm Carbon Nanotubes array 2.1 The band structure of 0.4nm Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Meissner effect in 0.4nm Carbon Nanotubes array . . . . . . . . . 2.3 The model of coupled one-dimensional superconducting wires . . . 2.4 Motivation and scope of the thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ii iii iv v vii xi xii 1 3 4 8 9 9 12 13
July 2008, Hong Kong
HKUST Library Reproduction is prohibited without the author’s prior written consent
[NASA美国太空总署资料(长期更新)].Turbulence.Model.Predictions.of-NASA-aiaa-99-0157
37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit January 11-14, 1999/Reno, NV
For permission to copy or republish, contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344
AIAA-99-0157
TURBULENCE MODEL PREDICTIONS OF EXTRA-STRAIN RATE EFFECTS IN STRONGLY-CURVED FLOWS
Christopher L. Rumsey and Thomas B. Gatskiy NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia Joseph H. Morrisonz Analytical Services & Materials, Inc. Hampton, Virginia
The abilities of three types of turbulence models to accurately predict the e ects of curvature on ow in a U-duct are studied. An explicit algebraic stress model performs better than one- or two-equation linear eddy viscosity models, although it is necessary to fully account for the variation of the production-todissipation-rate ratio in the algebraic stress model formulation. None of the turbulence models fully captures the suppressed turbulence near the convex wall or enhanced turbulence near the concave wall. However, a full Reynolds stress model predicts the suppressed turbulence near the convex wall. Some of the underlying assumptions used in the development of algebraic stress models are investigated and compared with the computed ow eld from a full Reynolds stress model. Through this analysis, the assumption of Reynolds stress anisotropy equilibrium used in the algebraic stress model formulation is found to be suspect in regions of strong curvature. Many ow elds being calculated by computational uid dynamics CFD codes are so complex that it can be di cult to determine the source of error in comparison with experiment. For example, the ow over a multi-element airfoil contains a wide variety of challenging physical processes, including
吸附式风扇叶栅流场数值模拟
吸附式风扇叶栅流场数值模拟叶代勇;孙璐莹;张跃学【摘要】针对某型高性能风扇第2级转子叶片,采用NUMECA商业软件数值模拟的方法,分析了在叶片吸力面距前缘50％和75％弦长处采用吸气技术前后叶栅总压系数、气流转折角和静压升等方面的变化情况.结果表明:在相同攻角相同Ma下,叶栅总压损失随吸气量的增加逐渐降低;叶栅气流转折角随吸气量的增加逐渐交大;叶栅静压升随吸气量的增加逐渐提高;在6°攻角下,在不同Ma下进行吸气,叶栅总压损失都有所降低.【期刊名称】《航空发动机》【年(卷),期】2013(039)004【总页数】4页(P38-41)【关键词】吸附式风扇;吸气量;总压损失;气流转折角;静压升【作者】叶代勇;孙璐莹;张跃学【作者单位】中航工业沈阳发动机设计研究所,沈阳110015;中航工业沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司,沈阳110034;中航工业沈阳发动机设计研究所,沈阳110015【正文语种】中文高推质比是小涵道比军用涡扇发动机的主要追求目标之一，提高推质比涉及到发动机推力和质量2个方面，其中增加风扇压比是增大发动机推力的有效手段之一；而减少风扇/压气机级数、减轻风扇质量则会有效提高发动机推质比。
在相同设计要求下，减少风扇级数势必增加风扇级压比，这使得风扇级负荷加重，叶片转角加大。
在常规设计中，这种情况会导致叶片附面层严重分离。
文献[1]的研究结果表明，采用吸附技术可以控制叶片表面附面层分离，是提高压气机效率和压比十分有效的方法。
美国麻省理工学院的Merchant首先提出了吸附式压气机设计的新方法，目前该项研究已经发展到部件级试验验证阶段[2-3]。
NASA格林研究中心等也都对此进行过针对性的试验研究。
国内西北工业大学刘波针对压气机叶片在高负荷及非设计工况下经常出现的附面层分离状况，采用数值方法研究了叶片吸力面在不同位置、不同吸气量时附面层抽吸对压气机转子气动性能的影响，并进行了相关试验[4]。