高考英语二轮复习 语法部分之倒装句
高考英语二轮复习语法部分之倒装句
一、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，就叫做完全倒装句。
1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如there,here,now,up,down,in,out,away,off,in the room,on the wall等，置于居首表示强调，要完全倒装。
（1）There goes the bell. （铃响了。）
（2）Off went the horse. （马跑了。）
（3）In came the boss. （老板走了进来。）
（4）In the house lives an old man. （在这座屋子里住着一位老人。）
(5) Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. （在这两栋大楼之间有一棵大树。）注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。
Here it is. Away they went.
2.such（这样，那样）置于句首时要完全倒装。
Such are the facts; no one can deny them. （事实就是这样，没人能否认。）
在某些表示祝愿的感叹句中，要用完全倒装。
Long live the People's Republic of China!
二、部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，就叫做部分倒装句。
1.否定词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、at no time、neither、nor等放在句首时，句子常倒装。如：
(1)By no means shall we give up. （我们绝不放弃。）
(2)Never have I been to the USA. （我从没去过美国。）
(3)Seldom does she get up late in the morning. （她很少睡懒觉。）
(4)Never have I heard anything like it! （我还从来没听说过这样的事呢！）
2.在not only … but also …（不但...而且...），no sooner … than …（一...就...），hardly … when …（一...就...），scar cely … when …（一...就...），not until …（直到...才...)，so … that …，such … that …(如此...以至于...）句型位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：neither … nor …（既不...也不...）连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。
（1）Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful. （她不但聪明而且漂亮。）（2）Such great progress did he make that he was praised. （他取得如此大的进步，真值得称赞。）
（3）So heavy is the box that I can’t carry it.（这个箱子太沉了，我搬不动。）（4）Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen. （他既没有铅笔也没有钢笔。）
（5）Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. （至少过了三十秒钟，他才说出话来。）
（6）No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.（孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。）
3.当only位于句首强调状语部分时，主句要用倒装语序，从句仍用自然语序。被强调的状语一般为副词（如then 等）、介词短语（如in this way 等）或状语从句（如when 从句等）。（1）Only then did I realize the importance of learning English well. （直到那时我才意识到学好英语的重要性。）
（2）Only when he reached school did he find out that he had left his textbook at home. (直到到了学校他才发现把课本落在家里了。）
（3）Only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference. （只有了解我们的专长，我们才有希望实现我们的目标，真正的有所作为。）
注意：如果only强调的是主语部分，虽然位于句首，句子仍用自然语序。
Only a doctor can do that. （只有医生能做这件事。）
4. so（肯定句）neither或nor（否定句）放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，用部分倒装。
（1）He has been to Beijing. So have I. （他去过北京。我也去过。）
（2）-"I don't think I can walk any further."
-"Neither can I. Let's stop here for a rest."
（“我觉得一步都走不动了。”“我也走不动了，咱们在这儿休息一会儿吧。”）
（3）Exam grades are very important, but so are the after-school activities. （学习成绩固然重要，但课外活动也同样重要。）
以 as或though引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序。
（1）Clever as he is, he doesn't study hard. (尽管他很聪明，但他学习不够刻苦。）（2）Youngest as he is, he always does best. （尽管他最小，他总是做得最好。）
6.表示虚拟语气的条件状语从句若省去if时，要将were,had或should置于从句的主语之前。若从句是否定句，否定词留在主语之后。
（1）Were I you(If I were you), I would go there at once. （如果我是你，我就立刻去那儿。）
（2）Had you come yesterday(If you had come yesterday), you could have helped us. （如果你昨天来就能帮上我们了。）
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