动名词和动词不定式作宾语的异同

动名词和动词不定式作宾语的异同
动名词和动词不定式作宾语的异同

浅析动名词和动词不定式作宾语的异同摘要:动名词和动词不定式是英语学习的难点之一,也是高考、大学英语等级考试等的重点内容之一。本文着重介绍动名词和不定式做宾语的五种基本情况,比较两者做宾语时结构和意义的异同,以帮助英语学习者快速准确掌握。

关键词:动名词动词不定式宾语非谓语动词

英语中作为非谓语动词的动名词和不定式都可以作宾语,但究竟什么情况该用动名词?什么情况用动词不定式?两者都可以用时,意义有无区别?这些问题一直困扰英语学习者。笔者认为,只要准确掌握了下面五种情况,解决了这五个问题,上述困扰就会迎刃而解。

问题一:哪些动词后面既可以接动名词,又可以接不定式作宾语,且意义无甚差别或者差别不大?

这类动词常用的有:advise,attempt,begin,can’t bear,cease,choose,commence,consider,continue,dread,hate,intend,like,love,neglect,omit,plan,prefer,propose,start等。如:

xiao wang’s parents planned taking/to take a holiday abroad.小王的爸妈打算去国外度假。

they start working / to work at eight every morning.他们每天8点上班。

动词不定式作宾语及双宾语结构解析【含答案】

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动词不定式作宾语归纳

动词不定式作宾语归纳-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

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动词不定式归纳(含练习及答案)复习进程

动词不定式归纳(含练 习及答案)

动词不定式归纳 定义:不定式的to和介词to需要被区分开,不定式的to后接动词原形,介词to后接名词、代词或动名词。 不定式作动词宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 不定式作宾语 He promised not to tell anyone about it. 如果宾语有自己的补语,则常用it作形式宾语,而把真正作宾语的不定式放在后面放在后面,常带有形式宾语的动词有:believe. Consider. Feel. Find. Know. Make . regard 例: we think it important to obey the laws. √ we think to obey the laws is important. × I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 不定式作介词宾语 当介词but、except、besides前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时,介词后面的不定式可以省略to,否则不省略。 What do you like to do besides play football? We have no choice but to wait. 个别介词可以用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 The boy has him own idea of how to finish it. 不定式起形容词作用作定语 不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词,置于它所修饰的词后,而且放在其他后置定语的后面。同时与它所修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 不定式to attend 和名词meetings 形成动宾关系 The next train to arrive was from Seattle. To arrive 和train形成主谓关系 Do you have anything interesting to read? 如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词,就要加上介词,使被修饰的这个词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语。 He is looking for a room to live in. to live in a room. A room 是介词in的宾语。 Please pass me some paper to write on. 上述不定式后加介词时,一般不能省略介词,但当修饰place,time,way时,介词可以省略。 He has no money and no place to live (in). The time to arrive is 8 o’clock. (at) I think the best way to travel is on foot. 不定式作定语时,用主动语态表示被动含义的情形 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?(to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知)再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。He'll show you the right path to take. 2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer 可改为 for me to answer。 再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。

动词不定式作宾语

动词不定式作宾语 ★动词不定式就是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不就是介词,而就是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称与数的变化。动词不定式与其后面的名词等构成动词不定式短语,在句子中可以作主语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等。今天我们重点学习后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词。 1.动词+ 不定式 Want hope decide agree choose would like plan fail 上列动词只能用动词不定式作宾语 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time、 司机没能及时瞧见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question、 我碰巧知道您那道问题的答案。 I decided to go to the countryside on vacation、 我决定去农村度假。 2.动词+疑问词+不定式 Know ask show teach think guess find out understand 上列动词或短语后可用疑问词加动词不定式短语结构 举例: Please teach me how to play the piano、 请教我怎么弹钢琴。 I must think what to do next、 我必须考虑下一步做什么。 3.动词+不定式∕动名词 Like love begin start 上列动词后既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词形式,意义上差别不大 举例: I like singing, but I don’t like to sing now、 我喜欢唱歌,但就是我现在不想唱歌。 Stop forget remember try

动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别讲解学习

动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 英语中有的及物动词只能跟动名词作宾语;有的及物动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语;但也有及物动词的宾语既是动名词又是动词不定式。区别在于:一、在want,decide,promise,refuse,agree,wish,hope,expect 等及物动词后面的宾语只能是动词不定式,不是动名词。如: 1.I want to have a talk with her.我想跟她谈谈。 2.Our teacher decided to stay with us.老师决定留下来与我们在一起。 3.My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 4.My mother refused to go there with us.我妈妈拒绝和我们一起去那里。 二、在一些动词后要求只跟动名词作宾语: 1、在finish,enjoy,mind,suggest,practise,admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate 感激,avoid避免,consider考虑,delay推迟,deny 否认,discuss 讨论,dislike 不喜欢,enjoy 喜爱,escape 逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy 设想,finish 完成,forbid 禁止,forgive 原谅,give up 放弃,imagine 想像,keep 保持,mention 提及,mind 介意 miss 没赶上,pardon 原谅,permit 允许,practise练习,prevent 阻止,put off 推迟,report 报告,risk 冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 理解。 1.I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。 2.I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。 3.Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。 4.He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。 5.You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。

(精品)接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜

接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜 一接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜 动词不定作宾语,期希渴欲承担起; 愿望碰巧又出现,假装安排不拒绝; 准备计划却失败,好像提供又犹豫; 企图要把目标证,爱恨要求作选择。 动词+ 不定式 aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake后直接加to do sth作宾语 二接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise 两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse 设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide 不要假装在选择:petend,choose 三接动名词作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 Mrs.PBlackmissedabeefbag.(P·布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。) 【妙语诠释】该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语,这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是: M=mind,r=risk,s=succeedin,P=practice,B=bebusy,l=lookforwardto,a=admit,c=can'thelp,k=keepon,m=miss,i=insiston,s=suggest,s=stop,e=enjoy,d=delay, a=avoid,b=beworth,a=advise,g=giveup。 四不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 【速记口诀】

动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别

动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别? 动词不定式与动名词的区别:)to+V放句首为动词不定式,用法与V+ing差不多,多用于 后面所说的事情还没有发生。例:To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词,其 相当于名词,例:Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲,to+ v.表主动,表 将来,表一次行动作。-ing表主动,表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法:)不定 式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但用法不尽相同。 1 ?作主语一般情 况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名 词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如:To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语,动名词 多为前置定语;不定式多表示将来的动作,动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如:He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药,你会睡得更好。3 .作宾语:有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可, 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例女口: Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It ' s necessry to discuss the problem with an experieneed teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有: (1) It ' s difficult (important,necessary) for sb. to do (2)It ' s kind (good,friendly,polite, careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave) of sb. to do. 3 、常用动名词做主语的句型 有: It ' s no good (use,fun) doing. It ' s (a) waste of time one 另:1)s动o名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here .这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climb ing mou ntai ns is interesting .爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3 )不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minu tes to finish the job. I .动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:

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