电子模型将会挑战夸克模型

电子模型将会挑战夸克模型周天龙,高级工程师*(光学、电子研究所,610209年8月,成都CAS)文摘介绍了一种独特的理论粒子结构、代加工电子模型、主要内容和夸克模型的电子。

通过比较两个模型之间的优势和恶劣,电子模型结论表明,更科学、更完善、更积极地比夸克模型。

电子模型的本质有更深刻的揭露资料,万有引力场和万有引力的力量。

预计模型的出现将电子开创一个新的时代发展的粒子物理学comos物理、天文物理和基因工程的重要手段。

关键词夸克,夸克模型、电子模型,在重力场基本粒子,复杂的电子、复杂的电场、复杂的库仑场、重力的力量1。

介绍粒子结构的理论基础,前沿研究领域的粒子物理学研究。

由于它指的是材料的基本组成,不管它是正确的还是错误将产生巨大影响的粒子物理的发展和一些与之相关的主题。

所谓粒子结构理论包括两个部分:一是确定所有已知的粒子(基本粒子一般)的基本粒子与复杂的颗粒。

另一个是来阐明基本粒子构成复杂的粒子。

e—问题等。

Gell-Mann默里认为这是排名第一的问题,即使他Pellτlepton博士说,这一问题只能等待解决出生的第二个爱因斯坦在不久的将来,阿尔伯特。

μ许珀里翁和忒是他们的antimeson强子是由基本粒子与对这些基本的粒子(Sakata模型)。

但上述两个模型很粗糙。

在1964年,一位美国科学家Gell-Mann默里提出了夸克模型。

说,几百种强子是由几个夸克。

和meson是由一对积极和antiquark和baryon是由夸克组成。

这款看上去一个巨大的进步,以至于它可以解释出,纺纱强子和电荷的特点。

但是它仍然有很多问题不explinedΛmeson是一种复杂的粒子(Fermi-Yang模型),由积极和antinucleon配对。

后来Sakata认为质子、中子和π早在20世纪50年代后期,费米和Zhengning杨认为由于穆雷博士Gell-Mann提出,成功地预测了粒子圈粒子的存在,其中,为他赢得1969年的诺贝尔奖。

因为他解释他的主要原因,提出赞扬他夸克模型,给人一种误解,就是认为庸医模型证明并坚信。

然而,实际情况下是相当不同的。

自从出现夸克模型,进行了实验的科学家们寻找基本粒子夸克模型,但他们没有找到它,直到今天。

这种严峻的形势让人们相信夸克模型变得紧张,他们希望这样的粒子的存在和找出尽快。

但事情去与他们的愿望、尖锐的矛盾和主观客观要求事实上导致一些似是而非,相当不同的报告。

目前甚至一些科学家联合团队发现夸克粒子怀疑夸克是一种基本的粒子。

作者经过多年的研究提出了一个新的粒子结构理论,即电子模型。

是什么,它是一个严厉的挑战,夸克模型。

2。

电子模型2.1形成过程的电子模型在学习过程的本质力量的引力,作者发现是非常相似的(库仑力)。

在基本粒子物理成绩和整体上的逻辑开发,作者建立了基本粒子模型(中子复杂磁场模型)。

该模型可以成功地解释所有的重力场特征之间的关系,推导了重力力和库仑力和澄清深不可测的万有引力的谜。

在那之后,作者发放的,补偿中子、完成复杂的电场,并用粒子知识和得到一个电子模型进行了求解。

电子模型描述局部某处。

电子模型的基本内容为2.2电子模型认为有四种类型的基本粒子,即e +、e -,中微子,antineutrino,粒子,所有其他已知粒子属于复杂的粒子与它们是由这四个基本粒子。

联合粒子结构如下:答:e +和e -包括两个层次,即内膜和外层。

以积极的粒子、e +在内层,e -在外层,至于反粒子,情况就亦然。

b。

电子在内部和外部的层排列在空间martrix,电子的位置在两层交错,也就是说,如果内层电子位于正方形网格,然后在外层电子位于太空中心的方块的格子。

c。

至于中性粒子和antinecleon、数字的正面与负面的电子e +和e -在内外层是平等的。

d。

至于粒子+乐电荷(积极的粒子保险),数量的e +在内层只是超过1 e相比——在外层。

因为-le电荷(反粒子被肯定)内的数量超过1次相比e +在外层。

艾凡。

微中子作为一种介质内部空间的完整的粒子。

f。

粒子质量,m = nme(我是电子的质量)n不是一个integel一般来说,integel部分介绍了e +总数和e -,大量的小数部分是总结所有微中子的质量。

克。

根据电子模型理论,每个粒子有四个家庭成员。

h。

电场模型的基本粒子在重力场如下:图1电场的基本粒子。

2.3预测电子模型根据电子模型理论,一个人可以预测,应该有中立μ,μ0和反粒子,以及中性τ,τ0和相对反粒子,质量mμ0 = 106.2 Mev,Mτ0 = 1784.6 Mev)。

3。

比较两个模型3.1科学性比较模型orgination。

电子模型是研究结果来自工作的粒子物理的研究在过去的十年,结果逻辑推论和大量的实验事实。

夸克模型的解释是虚构的meson的特点,baryon、旋转和电荷特性没有任何实验证据,一个理想主义者结果和一厢情愿的想法。

基础比较b。

基本粒子的粒子模型的基础。

如果基本粒子是不可靠的,无疑是粒子模型不可靠的。

电子模型的基本粒子由e +、e -中子,他们是真正的已知粒子,而对夸克模型、夸克粒子是一种假设粒子,没有发现数十年,甚至在实验研究人员怀疑夸克是一种基本的粒子。

笔者进行了大量的科学计算,发现夸克粒子的质量必须根据夸克模型多变等粒子不存在。

因此我们可以说,这是完全devoiced夸克模型从实际的事实,一个纯粹的幻想。

完整性比较c。

一个科学的内容应包括全部粒子模型已知粒子理论,我,呃,所有已知的粒子可分为两部分:一是基本粒子,另一个是复杂的粒子,所有单颗粒相结合的复杂应该基本粒子。

电子方式可满足这些需求。

夸克模型分类的不lepton-type颗粒。

如果将其看作是基本粒子,他们应该复合的一部分,meson出。

如果将其看作是复杂的粒子他们似乎是由夸克粒子。

夸克模型的无法回答这个问题,所以他们把它放在一边。

因此我们可以说夸克模型不是一个科学模型。

Ixiom比较d。

一个科学粒子模型理论研究还不够ixiom背道而驰。

当所有已知,整体大于部分。

这是一个客观规律的物质世界。

基本粒子的质量肯定是减少复合粒子。

但是夸克模型去恰恰相反。

根据夸克理论、质子由两个你夸克和一维夸克和k + meson由一个你夸克和一个夸克。

人们认为夸克质量应该大小成百上千的脉。

据说,大众的t夸克是太= 174脉。

因此,meson k +、质子可+,mρ脉应该大于174。

但实际上,可+ = 0.494脉,脉mρ= 0.939,莱辛比单个夸克。

这绝对是荒谬的。

3.2效果比较是否一个理论是科学与否的效果,即,看它是否能够回复并解释其实际问题。

电子模型成功地找到一个线索万有引力的神秘力量和e-μ。

证实了重力场的统一和库仑场。

电子模型证明了这一想法,统一的电荷和万有引力的质量)成一个物质费用是可能的,也找到了一个线索。

e-μ之谜,解决了很多问题,如光弯曲的重力场,夸克模型不能回答。

3.3实践比较有一些实验示范/能电子模型理论,如“积极的和消极的电子碰撞实验”,“质子碰撞实验”、“β衰减实验”。

没有夸克模型试验示范。

4。

结论从描述提到的,我们可以说,电子模型与实验事实,理论分析和实验证据能回答和解决许多科学问题。

和所谓的夸克模型具有科学性和有效性,什么,特别是它是不可能找到了夸克粒子。

因此我们可以说,电子模型可以更科学的术语夸克模型。

5。

前景尽管现在电子模型进行了强烈的反对学院和站在夸克模型非常弱的位置。

情况就像学派之间的争斗”日心理论”和“geocentrie理论”。

但作者认为最后的结果会告诉我们思维的电子模型会没事的。

从根本上讲,电子模型的扩展和日心理论发展。

后来说通用结构控制下形成的引力的力量。

电子模型揭示物质世界的本质的角度微观结构材料,重力场的本质和引力的力量。

在其他词,物质世界是由积极的和消极的电子,是一个复杂的重力场均匀电场组成的正面和负面的电线和万有引力的力量是一种复杂的库仑力产生复杂的电子。

电子模型,结合helocentric理论构造了一个完整和科学的世界观从微观世界与宏观的宇宙。

介绍电子模型将带来一场革命的科学思维的物理领域开创一个新的时代的粒子物理宇宙物理、天文物理以及基因工程的重要手段。

Achnologement作者将赔偿衷心感谢先生Doong苗,一个粒子专家,提供了一些有用的意见和给温暖的支持和鼓励电子模型形成的过程中,成员的物理研究所(IOP),北京办公室,进行检测,检查和修正英文原稿文学罗Liaofu(1),靠桂丹公路,《基本粒子》,北京出版社,1981年,59岁,63 - 70(中文)。

词汇复杂的库仑力:一个交互式的力量之间复杂的电子,也称为引力的力量。

复杂的电子:一种等效电子产生的复杂的领域。

复杂的领域:也是一块长有相同的正面和负面的电线的一个spherality-symmetry沿周边均匀照射器增程照射,也叫万有引力场。

基本粒子的引力领域:最小的大规模细胞的重力场,我,e中子落到实处。

The electron model will challenge quark modelZhou Tianlong *, Senior Engineer(Institute of Optics & Electronics CAS, Chengdu China, 610209)AbstractThe paper describes a unique theory of particle structure, the generation process of Electron Model, the main contents of electron and quark models. Through comparison of the advantages and badness between two models, a conclusion shows that electron model is more scientific, more completed and more vigorous than quark model. The electron model more deeply exposes the essence of material, gravitation field and universal gravitation force. It is expected that the appearance of electron model will open a new era for the development of particle physics, comos physics, astrophysics and gene engineering.Keywords Quark, Quark model, Electron model, Elementary particle in gravitation field, Complex electron, Complex electric field, Complex coulomb field, Gravitation force* The author: Zhou Tianlong, senior Engineer born in 1939, Qingsheng, Sichuan, PR China. He was graduated from Sichuan University in 1965. Before 1972. He was engaged with the research work for cesium atomic clock in the Institute of Metrological Science of China. Since 1972, he worked in the Institute of Optics and Electronics, CAS, with 35 articles published and one patent. From 1990, he has been interested in studying the essence of gravitation force and put forth electron model of particle structure in 1998. He was retired from the institute.1. IntroductionTheory of particle structure is the foundation and a leading edge research topic of particle physics. Due to it refers to the basic composition of material, whether it is correct or wrong will bring a great influence to the development of particle physics and some related subjects. The so called particle structure theory consists of two parts, one is to determine all already known particles ( basic particle generally ) which are basic particles and which are complex particles. The other is to clarify how basic particles composing complex particle.Early in late fifties of 20 century, Fermi and Zhengning Yang considered that π meson was a kind of complex particle ( Fermi-Yang model ), composed by positive and antinucleon pairs. Later Sakata thought that proton, neutron and Λ hyperon and their antimeson are basic particles and hadron is composed with these basic particles ( Sakata model ) . But the above two models are very rough. In 1964, an American scientist Gell-Mann Murray put forth a quark model. Which said that several hundred kinds of hadron are composed of a few quarks. And meson is composed of a pair of positive and antiquark and baryon is composed of three quarks. This model looks a great progress that it can explain bayon, the spinning of hadron and charge features. But it still had a lot of problems not to be explined such e-μ issure. Gell-Mann Murray felt it was the No.1 problem, even the discoverer of τ lepton Dr. Pell said that the problem could only be solved by waiting for the birth of the second Einstein Albert in the future.Thanks to Dr. Gell-Mann Murray putting forth particle circle which successfully predicted the existance of -Ω particle, for which he won Nobel prize in 1969. Because he explained the main cause of his prise as that he put forth quark model, which gave people a misunderstanding that quack model had been demonstrated and believed deeply. However, the practical case was quite different. Since the appearance of quark model, experiments have been carried out by scientists for seeking for the basic particle quark of the model, but they failed to find it until today. Such severe situation lets the people who believe quark model become anxious, They hoped such particle’s existance and find them out as soon as possible. But things go contrary to their wishes, the sharp contradiction between objective requirement and subjective fact leads to some specious and quite different reports. At present even some scientists who jointed the team to find out quark particle wonder if quark is a kind of basic particle. The author after many year’s research puts forth a new particle structure theory, i.e, electronic model. May be, it is a harsh challenge to quark model.2. Electronic model2.1 Formation process of electron modelDuring the course of studying the essence of gravitation force, the author found that 212R m hm F m = is very similar to 221Rq kq F q = ( coulomb force ) . On the basic of overall particle physical achievement and logical exploitation, the author established an elementary particle model ( neutron complex electrical field model ) . This model can successfully explain all features of the gravitation field and derive the relation between gravitation force and coulomb force and clarify the unfathomable gravitation enigma. After that, the author extends, compensates and completes the neutron complex electric field by using particle knowledge and gets an electron model finally. The electron model will be topically described somewhere.2.2 Basic content of electron modelThe electron model considers that there are four kinds of basic particles, namely e +, e -, neutrino , antineutrino, νν, particles, all other known particles belong to complex particles and they consist of these four basic particles. The combined particle structure is as follows:a. e + and e - consists of two layers, i.e, an inner and an outer layer. As to positive particle i X , e + is in the inner layer and e - in the outer layer, As to antiparticle i X , the case is just vice versa.b. The electrons in the inner and outer layers are arranged in spatial martrix, and the locations of electron in both layer are staggered, that is to say, if electrons in the inner layer are located in a square grid, then electrons in the outer layer are located in the outer space of the center of the square grid.c. As to neutral particle 0i X and the antinecleon 0i X , numbers of positive and negative electron e + and e - in the inner and outer layer are equal.d. As to +i X particle with +le charge ( positive particle to be sure ), number of e + in the inner layer is just more than 1 compared with e - in the outer layer. For +-=i i X X with -le charge ( antiparticle to be sure ), number of -e in the inner tayer is more than 1 compared with e + in the outer layer.e. The neutrinos as a kind of medium are full of the inner space of particle.f. The particle mass, m=nm e ( m e is electron mass ) n is not an integel generally, the integel part presents the total number of e + and e -, the mass of the decimal part is the sum of all neutrino mass.g. According to electron Model theory, each particle i X has four family members: +i X -i X 0i X 0i X .h. The electric field model of the elementary particle in the gravitation field is as follows:Fig 1μ, μ0 and the antiparticle 0μ, as well as n eutral τ, τ0 and the relative antiparticle 0τ, their mass is mμ0=106.2 Mev, Mτ0=1784.6 Mev respectively.3. Comparison of two models3.1 Scientificalness comparisona. Model orginationThe electron model is the result derived from the summery of studies of particle physics in the past tens years and the result of logical extrapolations with large number of experimental facts.Quark model was fabricated by way of explaining the features of meson, baryon, spinning, and charge characteristics without any experimental evidence, an idealist result and a wishful thinking.b. Base comparisonBasic particle is the base of particle model. If the basic particle is unreliable, the particle model is surely unreliable. The basic particles of electron model consist of e +, e - and neutron, They are true known particles, while for quark model, the quark particle is a kind of assumed particle, not found for tens of years, even the experimental researchers are in doubt whether quark is a kind of basic particle. The author undertook large quantities of scientific calculation and found that the mass of quark particle according to quark model must be changeable and such particle doesn’t exist at all. Therefore we can say that the quark model is completely devoiced from practical facts, a pure fantasy.c. Completeness comparisonThe content of a scientific particle model theory should cover all known particles, i, e, all known particles can be divided into two parts: one is basic particle, the other is complex particle, all single complex particles should be combined by basic particles. The electron mode can meet this demand. The quark model doesn’t classify lepton -type particles. If regarding them as basic particles, they should be the composite part of meson and bayon. If regarding them as complex particles they seem to be composed of quark particles. The quark model can not answer this question, so they put it aside. Therefore we can say quark model is not a scientifical model.d. Ixiom comparisonA scientific particle model theory can not run counter to ixiom. As all to known, the overall is bigger than a part. This is a objective law of material world. The mass of a basic particle is surely less than that of the composite particle. But the quark model goes exactly the opposite.According to quark theory, proton consists of two u quark and one d quark and k + meson consists of one u quark and one S quark. People considered that quark mass should be hundreds of Gev magnitude. It is said that the mass of t quark is m t =174Gev. Accordingly, k + meson, proton m k+, m ρ should be bigger than 174 Gev. But acturally, m k+=0.494Gev, m ρ=0.939Gev, lessing than that of a single quark. This is absolutely preposterous.3.2 Effectiveness comparisonwhether a theory is scientific or not depends on the effectiveness, namely to see if it can reply and explain practical problems reasonablely. The electron model successfully find a clue to the mystery of gravitation force and the e-μ.It proves that the unification of gravitation field and coulomb field.q q e F F ehm Fm 432210395.2-⨯=⋅=The electron model proves that the idea of unifying the electric charge and gravitation charge mass ) into a substance is possible and finds a clue to the mystery of e-μand solves many issues such as light bending in the gravitation field, for which the quark mo del couldn’t reply.3.3 Practice comparisonThere are some practical experiments/capable of demonstrating electron model theory, such as "positive and negative electron collision experiment" "proton collision experiment", "βattenuation experiment". There is no experiment for quark model demonstration.4. ConclusionFrom the description mentioned above, we can say that electron model with experimental facts, theoretical analyses and experimental evidence can answer and solve many scientifical problems. And the so-called quark model has nothing with scientificalness and effectiveness, especially it is impossible to find quark particle. Therefore we can say that electron model may bea more scientific term than quark model.5. ProspectAlthough the electron model now is undertaking a strong opposition by the school of quark model and stands in a very weak position. The situation is just like the struggle between the schools of “heliocentric theory” and “geocentrie theory”. But the author believes the final resu lt will tell us that the thought of electron model will be all right.Essentially, the electron model is the expansion and development of heliocentric theory. The later said that the universal structure was formed under the control of gravitation force. The electron model reveals the essence of material world from view of micro structure of material, the essence of gravitation field and gravitation force. In other word, the material world is composed of positive and negative electrons, and the gravitation field is a complex electric field consisting of uniform positive and negative electric lines and gravitation force is a kind of complex coulomb force resulted from complex electrons. The electron model in combination with helocentric theory constructs a complete and scientific world outlook from microcosmos to macroscopic universe. The introduction of electron model will bring forth a revolution of scientific thinking in the field of physics and open a new era of particle physics, cosmos physics, astrophysics as well as gene engineering.AchnologementThe author shall pay his heartfelt thanks to Mr. Doong Miao, a particle expert, who offered some useful opinions and gave warm support and encouragement during the formation of electron model, to members of The Institute of Physics ( IOP ), Beijing office, who undertake the examination, check up and correction of the English manuscriptLiterature(1) Luo Liaofu, Lutang, 《Basic Particles》, Beijing Press, 1981, 59,63-70 ( in Chinese ). VocabularyComplex Coulomb force:An interactive force between complex electrons, also called gravitation force.Complex electron: a kind of equivalent electrons which can generate complex field.Complex field:A field with same positive and negative electrical lines uniformly distributed along a spherality-symmetry irradiator, also called gravitation field.Elementary particle of gravitation field: The smallest mass cell of the gravitation field, i, e neutron practically.。