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主动学练,深度参与——《技巧啦啦操:金字塔》一课教学解析

主动学练,深度参与——《技巧啦啦操:金字塔》一课教学解析

主动学练#深度参与(技巧啦啦操'金字塔)一课教学解析张勇卫$江苏省常州市教育科学研究院#"!&''!&摘!要'主动学练是学生深度参与体育学习的一种表征#教师唯有不断优化课堂教学的方式方法#才能帮助学生进入这样的学习状态*(技巧啦啦操'金字塔)一课#在真实情境中唤起挑战热情#在示范引导中调动已有经验#在造型练习中巩固基本动作#在合作创新中实现技能迁移#在价值引领中升华体育精神*关键词'小学体育%主动学练%深度参与%(技巧啦啦操'金字塔)!! 主动学练是学生深度参与体育学习的一种表征#教师唯有不断优化课堂教学的方式方法#才能帮助学生进入这样的学习状态*"'"!年江苏省小学体育青年教师基本功大赛上的(技巧啦啦操'金字塔)一课#通过创设真实情境+示范引导+造型练习+合作创新+价值引领#助力学生在多样化的身体练习中实现主动学练*一+在真实情境中唤起挑战热情前几个课时#学生了解了啦啦操文化#也学习了啦啦操的成套动作*本课的金字塔动作#是啦啦操表演的结束造型*金字塔动作是技巧啦啦操中一个重要的组合动作#能够培养学生的团队协作能力#锻炼学生的平衡感*金字塔也叫叠罗汉#在中国民间传统庙会中出现较多#能够增进学生对中华传统体育项目的了解和喜爱*课始#展示学校啦啦操队队员们的金字塔动作并发起挑战#直观呈现了合作性与表现性的学习目标*真实的挑战性学习情境#为学生积极主动地理解+联系与建构奠定了基础*本文系江苏省常州市教育科学!十四五"规划备案课题!基于大单元教学的小学体育与健康课型研究"的阶段性研究成果*教学片段如下'师!同学们#老师带的啦啦操队相当厉害#他们在省+市比赛中多次获得冠军*今天#他们要向你们发起一项挑战#大家来看看*$播放视频*&生!$健美操队员&同学们#古代有一项体育运动在民间广泛流传#叫叠罗汉#又称金字塔*现在#在啦啦操中也被广泛运用*你们看#我们能做到这样...$展示+人小金字塔&这样...$展示)人大金字塔&厉不厉害/你们敢挑战吗/师!敢不敢挑战/生!敢5师!希望大家能在挑战的过程中互相合作+突破自我#也要注意安全*二+在示范引导中调动已有经验对于新的学习内容#学生并非毫无基础*教师要善于唤醒学生的学习经验#使之自觉进入学习状态*准备部分#教师运用视频+音乐和口号#带领学生复习以基本手位+跳跃为主的啦啦操动作#不断强化啦啦操的技能要素'手臂快速发力#两手紧绷#面带笑容#并配合口号#展示热情+力度+速度+平衡77尤其是!紧绷"!发力"等关键经验的唤醒#为学生进入技能新结构提供空间*教学片段如下'师!跟着视频和老师一起复习前几节课学的啦啦操#看看谁的动作更标准*$跟着音乐节奏做原地双脚跳+侧平举等啦啦操动作&两手紧绷#手臂伸直用力#快速发力#面带笑容#拿出你们的激情77$+,+-+)#小车轮滚起来#手臂保持紧绷感#表现自信一些*上垫子...跪立#背部放平#两手侧平举77师!快速发力#加油5再来一次#跳高一些*嘿嘿5嘿嘿5你们可以跟我一起嗨起来5$重复一遍&我来看你的手臂紧不紧#$检查学生的手臂&非常好5手臂很有力77$+,+-+)#准备跟我一起喊'加油5加油5生!加油5加油5加油5师!快起来*再来一次#比比谁跳得更高*$重复第三遍&最后#练习垫上俯撑+侧撑77把腿伸直#臀部绷平77三+在造型练习中巩固基本动作腿部支撑和跪姿背撑是金字塔造型的基本动作*这个环节#教师不是简单地介绍#而是借助跪撑双人支撑多种造型的练习#让学生反复地边合作练习边思考跪撑稳固性的关键#助力学生逐步建构起!直角跪撑与身体绷平"中!稳固紧绷"的核心概念*教学片段如下'师!刚才的热身操中#老师反复强调了哪两个字/生!紧绷*师!对#手要紧绷#身体要紧绷*请看大屏#$播放双人造型练习视频&接下来#我们就用这个双人造型练习来检验一下#看看你的身体紧不紧#背平不平*$学生练习#教师指导*&师!怎样用腿部做支撑才能稳固/生!垂直紧绷*师!$出示下页图!#标注垂直支撑&好#看看是不是这样的#继续练习*垂直于地面没有/腿部是否稳固呢/能不能静止三秒/&..."...!#很好5这一小组很棒啊5非常稳固*师!$换一小组指导&上面的同学身体要紧绷#加上手的动作做到造型完整美观#两人合二为一*图'师!$出示图"&能不能试试这个跪姿背撑双人造型/怎样才能稳固/图(生!手臂撑垫要垂直*师!$指着图"&看一看图上的线条标识#不仅手撑地要垂直垫子#肩关节+髋关节+膝关节三个部位也要尽量呈直角#并且做到身体绷平*继续练习*$学生练习*&师!$启发&我可以在她的肩膀上做平板支撑#你可以吗/$指着图"&注意一下图片#平板支撑有一个线条提示了你什么呢/对#把你的臀部往前移动#身体要像平板一样*$换一小组指导&你还可以在他身体的侧面做一个平板支撑#也可以在他身后做一个平板支撑#试一试5$学生尝试*&师!除了平板支撑以外#你还有哪些方式可以检验这一造型的稳固性#并且与同伴组成一个非常好看的造型呢/试一下*$学生进行跪姿背撑双人造型的创新*&师!好#大家都有自己独一无二的造型#你们能不能跟上老师的节奏展示一下自己的造型呀/两个八拍#预备...!+"+&++77再来一遍#好不好/$第二遍+第三遍#教师鼓励学生在跪姿同伴的背上做多种支撑动作#展开多种双人支撑游戏#引导上方学生加上手位动作#做到造型完整美观#增强表现力*&四+在合作创新中实现技能迁移经过身体练习与探究实践#学生主动借助教师大屏出示的小金字塔造型图片#进一步把握知识的内在联系与本质#再逐步进行将多种部位作为底座支撑的小金字塔和大金字塔动作的变式#在不断合作创新中实现知识技能的迁移应用*学生把握了知识的内在联系#若干变式就不再是件难事#从而进入深度学习的状态之中*教学片段如下'师!双人造型完成得不错#想不想来挑战一下+人小金字塔造型呢/生!想5师!$出示图&&我们先来看在+人造型当中#除了非常紧绷的尖子和非常稳固的底座以外#还加入了一个很有责任心的!后保"*接下来#两人一组一前一后#!后保"同学跟着我的口令#用手掐住前面!尖子"同学的髋骨向上提#体会保护用力*图)$学生跟随教师练习*&师!接下来+人小组尝试练习#边练习边思考#如何让+人造型更稳固/$学生合并垫子#练习*&师!$指导一组&上的时候先检查一下双人底座是否稳固#后保稳住#不要害怕#作出手位动作*下的时候注意寻找支撑点77好#这两个点做得非常棒5$继续指导另外几组*&师!如何更稳固/生!合理地分工#体重重一点的同学做底座*生!底座要靠紧一些#相互支撑更稳定*生!!后保"同学要用口令和手控制好#一起配合#快速完成*$学生操练*&师!非常好5刚才的跪姿小金字塔造型是尝试了背部支撑点#想一想'我们身体有哪些部位能作为支撑点呢/生!肩部*生!大腿*师!对#这些部位有强壮的骨骼和一定的脂肪或肌肉#能作为我们造型的支撑点*接下来#各组利用肩部+背部+手部+大腿等部位创造新的小金字塔造型吧5请先讨论再合作尝试*$学生反复尝试练习*&师!接下来#想不想和视频中的啦啦操队的小队员斗一下舞呀/生!想5师!跟上)个八拍的音乐#!.+个八拍音乐做刚才的热身啦啦操#$.)个八拍完成你们准备展示的造型*师!想不想挑战一下)人的大金字塔/先商量几个人做底座#几个人做尖子和后保/准备用什么部位/然后开始*$学生分组商量并尝试*&五+在价值引领中升华体育精神知识技能的背后是学科思想与方法#也内隐着价值观与文化*体育学科的本质是培育!体育心"#教学的终极目标是为了学生的成长*价值的引领与评价有助于学生形成正确的价值观#发展学生核心素养*教师注重将!价值与评价"贯穿于课常的各个环节#用学科知识背后所隐藏的学科精神内涵和文化底蕴提升教学的育人价值*教学片段如下'$播放学生的大金字塔练习视频*&师!同学们#请看大屏...这是刚才大家练习大金字塔的造型*我想采访一下你'你做底座有什么经验/生!我和同伴说好#紧挨着相互支撑#还有就是紧绷+坚持*师!很好#再看这组#他们搭得最高#最有创意*请问你们是怎么做到的/生!我们边商量边做#失败了再重新来#大家齐心协力完成的*师!对#!尖子"紧绷#!底座"平稳#!后保"给力#才能成功*技巧啦啦操是一项集体运动项目#每一个级别的难度动作都需要底座+后保与尖子相互配合*任何一个队员失误都会影响整组和整队成败#团队合作是关键*尤其这样高难度的动作#需要我们不同位置的同学同一节奏发力#这就是团队合作#非常了不起5师!同学们#通过今天的学习#老师看到了你们对成功的渴望和克服困难的勇气*相信你们也能带着团结协作+勇于挑战+追求卓越的体育精神继续不断地挑战自我*。

初中英语写作课“三阶段、四环节”教学设计课例分析

初中英语写作课“三阶段、四环节”教学设计课例分析

以学生为主体的初中英语写作教学设计实践研究——初中英语写作课“三阶段、四环节”教学设计课例分析一、引言《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》(教育部,2012)指出:“义务教育阶段的英语课程应面向全体学生,体现以学生为主体的思想,在教学目标、教学内容、教学过程、教学评价和教学资源的利用与开发等方面都应考虑全体学生的发展需求。

课程应成为学生在教师指导下构建知识、发展技能、拓展视野、活跃思维、展现个性的过程。

”《课程标准》还提到:“让学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写的技能,形成一定的综合语言运用能力。

”为此,我区经过实践与研究,创生形成了“基于课程标准教学”的“三维多元聚合”课堂教学范式。

“三维多元聚合”课堂教学范式是一种理念主导、运用自主的教学模型,包括学生发展、教学要素、教学时空三个纬度,将诸多相关元素聚合其中,构成一个导向明确、动态发展的同心圆球。

创生的策略:整体思考,连接目标—教学---评价;突出重点,融入学生发展核心素养;强化自主,优化学生学习的全过程(倪志刚,2018)。

写作能力作为学生重要的综合语言运用能力之一,历来备受重视。

学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或事件并表达一定的思想,以此达成和检验对所学英语语言知识的实践应用能力。

然而,在实际的教育教学实践中,学生往往最害怕写作,看到作文题目往往无从下笔;老师也最不愿意上写作课,写作课的课堂教学往往被忽略,写作课流程简化为写作前简单指导,然后学生写作,最后范文展示,忽视了学生作为学习主体在语境中的体验,理解,交流过程,无法充分调动学生参与的积极性,学生只能被动的完成写作任务。

久而久之,学生不仅没有提高能力,还对写作产生反感情绪。

因此,本文将以上海版牛津教材第六单元写作教学为例,将“基于课程标准教学”的“三维多元聚合”课堂教学范式运用于初中英语写作课堂的教学,形成初中写作课“三阶段、四环节”教学模式,为促进学生英语写作能力的提高提供一些参考与借鉴。

在经典著作中学数学——1000以内数的认识课例解析与反思

在经典著作中学数学——1000以内数的认识课例解析与反思

2017.12【摘要】本文对《1000以内数的认识》教学设计及实践进行剖析,阐述如何将经典著作与数学知识相结合,激发学生兴趣,使学生积极参与课堂活动,体会数学与其他学科之间、数学与生活之间的联系。

【关键词】经典著作数学知识可用之“材”在经典著作中学数学——1000以内数的认识课例解析与反思江西鹰潭市逸夫小学夏斐艳一、教材分析1000以内数的认识这个内容是人教版小学数学第四册第七单元《万以内数的认识》的第一小节内容。

我将第一课时的教学内容定为例1、例2,对于这一部分内容,我的教学目标是:(1)让学生认识1000以内的数,感知1000有多大。

(2)会数1000以内的数,学会1000以内数的读写法,认识计数单位“千”,体会十进关系。

(3)让学生经历观察、猜想、操作等数学活动过程,结合现实材料感受大数的意义,培养学生的估计能力,逐渐发展学生的数感。

(4)初步认识数学与人类生活的密切联系,体验数学活动的成功与快乐。

二、教学片段及解析1.利用生活点滴,引发数学问题。

师:(课件出示图片)这是学校早操的图片,你们猜猜这所学校有多少人?生1:200人。

生2:500人。

生3:800人,2000人……师:操场上站着的已经不止几百人了,有一千人了,今天我们就来学习《1000以内数的认识》。

(板书课题)课件出示收集的数据图片。

(100个字的日记,身高176厘米,环城东路230号,价格995元)师:你们认识这些数字吗?怎么读?这些数字有什么不同的意义?【片段解析】用学生们天天看到的生活情境引出课题,能激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望;教学中收集的数据也都是生活中的数据,这些看似平凡普通的数据又暗藏玄机,如230是序数,其他三个是基数,100又是计数的数。

这些生活中数据的出现为的是让学生明白数学来源于生活,也要回归于生活,同时加强数感。

2.结合经典著作,探究数学知识,让学生感受到数学与经典同在。

(播放优美的《千字文》音频)师:同学们,刚才我们听到文章就是这篇文章,(课件出示《千字文》内容),你们猜猜这篇文章一共有多少个字?生:300……500……900……师:这篇文章字数很多,很难猜,我们可以先猜这一小块。

湘美版我们怎样鉴赏美术作品课例点评

湘美版我们怎样鉴赏美术作品课例点评

湘美版我们怎样鉴赏美术作品课例点评
【实用版】
目录
1.湘美版《美术鉴赏》课程简介
2.我们怎样鉴赏美术作品的方法
3.课例点评:湘美版《我们怎样鉴赏美术作品》
正文
一、湘美版《美术鉴赏》课程简介
《湘美版·美术鉴赏同步解析与测评》是一本针对高中美术鉴赏课程的教学用书。

本书内容涵盖了美术与眼睛、辉煌的美术历程、灿烂的美术世界、美术鉴赏练习题及参考答案等方面,旨在帮助学生更好地理解和欣赏美术作品。

二、我们怎样鉴赏美术作品的方法
1.了解作品背景:研究美术作品的创作背景、作者生平以及作品所处的历史时期,有助于更好地理解作品的内涵和表现手法。

2.观察作品细节:仔细观察美术作品的线条、色彩、构图等方面,分析作品的艺术手法和表现力。

3.探究作品主题:通过分析作品的题材、形式等方面,深入挖掘作品所传达的主题和思想。

4.比较不同作品:将不同作品进行对比,探讨它们在风格、技法、主题等方面的异同,从而拓宽审美视野。

5.学习美术理论:通过学习美术理论知识,了解美术作品的审美标准和评价方法,提高鉴赏能力。

三、课例点评:湘美版《我们怎样鉴赏美术作品》
湘美版的《我们怎样鉴赏美术作品》课程,通过丰富的课堂活动和实践练习,引导学生运用上述方法,逐步提高美术鉴赏能力。

课程内容与教学方法相结合,有助于学生更好地理解和掌握美术鉴赏的方法和技巧。

总之,湘美版的《美术鉴赏》课程以及《我们怎样鉴赏美术作品》课例,为学生提供了一个全面、系统的美术鉴赏学习体系。

《义务教育课程标准(2024年版)课例式解读初中数学》

《义务教育课程标准(2024年版)课例式解读初中数学》

《义务教育课程标准(2024年版)课例式解读初中数学》一、引言2024年版的义务教育课程标准对初中数学课程做出了一系列的调整和完善,旨在提高学生的数学素养和解决实际问题的能力。

在本文中,将从课程标准的理念和核心内容入手,解读初中数学的课例式教学模式,并结合实际案例进行解析,帮助教师在实践中更好地理解和运用课程标准。

二、课程标准理念1.基于问题解决的数学思维课程标准强调数学教学应该以解决实际问题为导向,培养学生的问题解决能力和数学思维。

课例式教学模式能够更好地贴近学生的实际生活和学习,让学生在实际问题中学习和应用数学知识,激发他们的学习兴趣和动力。

2.培养多元智能的数学素养课程标准提出了培养学生多元智能的数学素养的目标,要求教师在教学中注重培养学生的逻辑思维、空间想象、创新能力等方面的素养。

课例式教学模式可以通过多种形式的学习活动,满足不同类型学生的需求,促进他们的全面发展。

3.强化数学核心知识和方法课程标准对数学核心知识和方法进行了明确定义和要求,要求学生掌握一定的数学基础,包括代数、几何、概率统计等方面的知识和方法。

课例式教学模式可以通过具体案例的呈现和分析,帮助学生更好地掌握和运用数学核心知识和方法。

三、课例式教学模式解读1.基于真实案例的问题导入课例式教学模式的第一步是通过真实的案例或问题引入课题,让学生身临其境,感受数学在生活中的应用。

以初中代数方程的教学为例,可以通过“小明和小华两人同时从A地出发,小明以每分钟60米的速度向B地行去,小华25分钟后以每分钟80米的速度在小明和B 地之间的路上追赶上小明。

问A点与B点的距离是多少?”这样的问题引入教学内容,让学生先思考并解决实际问题,然后引入代数方程的解法,让学生从实际问题中理解和掌握代数方程的求解方法。

2.学生合作探究和发现在引入问题之后,教师可以设计一些探究性的学习任务,让学生分组合作,通过讨论和实践来发现并理解数学知识和方法。

以初中几何的教学为例,可以设计“利用纸板和剪刀制作三角形,并观察三条边的关系,然后总结三角形的边长关系和性质”的任务,通过学生自主探究和小组讨论,让他们发现并理解三角形的边长关系和性质,培养他们的逻辑思维和创新能力。

《表内乘法》单元整合及重点课例分析》教案

《表内乘法》单元整合及重点课例分析》教案
-从实际问题中提取乘法运算信息:学生往往在阅读题目时难以快速识别需要使用乘法运算的部分,需要培养他们从文字描述中提取关键信息的能力。
举例:在解决实际问题时,教师可以引导学生通过画图、列式等方式,将问题中的信息转化为乘法运算。如购物问题,学生需识别出单价、数量和总价之间的关系,并应用乘法进行计算。
四、教学流程
3.成果分享:每个小组将选择一名代表来分享他们的讨论成果。这些成果将被记录在黑板上或投影仪上,以便全班都能看到。
(五)总结回顾(用时5分钟)
今天的学习,我们了解了乘法的基本概念、重要性和应用。同时,我们也通过实践活动和小组讨论加深了对乘法的理解。我希望大家能够掌握乘法运算的规则,并在日常生活中灵活运用。最后,如果有任何疑问或不明白的地方,请随时向我提问。
通过今天的反思,我深刻认识到教学是一个不断调整和完善的过程。在今后的教学中,我会努力关注每一个学生,根据他们的实际情况调整教学策略,以期让每个学生都能在乘法的学习中取得更好的成绩。
五、教学反思
今天在《表内乘法》的教学中,我发现学生们对于乘法口诀的掌握程度参差不齐。有的同学能够迅速记住并应用,而有的同学则在记忆和应用上存在一定困难。这让我意识到,在接下来的教学中,我需要更加关注学生的个别差异,采取更加个性化的教学方法。
在讲授新课的过程中,我尽量用生动的例子和实际情境来解释乘பைடு நூலகம்的概念,希望通过这种方式让学生感受到乘法在生活中的重要性。从学生的反馈来看,这种方法是比较有效的,他们能够更好地理解乘法的意义。
三、教学难点与重点
1.教学重点
-乘法口诀的熟练掌握与运用:乘法口诀是表内乘法的基础,学生需熟练掌握1-9的乘法口诀,并能灵活运用解决实际问题。
-乘法算式的构成及计算方法:学生应理解乘法算式的结构,掌握乘法计算的基本步骤,如先乘后加、交换乘数位置等。

柳宗元《渔翁》课例(本站论坛稿) 教案教学设计

柳宗元《渔翁》课例(本站论坛稿) 教案教学设计一、教学目标1.1 知识与技能学生能够理解并背诵《渔翁》全文;掌握文中的生僻字词及其含义;了解柳宗元的生平及文学地位。

1.2 过程与方法通过自主学习、合作探讨的方式,分析诗中的意象、意境以及表达技巧;培养学生独立思考和文学鉴赏能力。

1.3 情感态度与价值观引导学生体会诗中描绘的渔翁形象,感悟其自由、悠闲的生活态度,从而引导学生珍惜生活中的美好时光,追求内心的宁静与自由。

二、教学重点与难点2.1 教学重点《渔翁》全文的背诵与理解;柳宗元生平及文学地位的了解;诗中意象、意境及表达技巧的分析。

2.2 教学难点诗中生僻字词的理解;柳宗元独特写作风格的应用。

三、教学过程3.1 导入新课以柳宗元的生平简介引入,让学生对其有初步了解,进而引出《渔翁》这首诗。

3.2 自主学习让学生自主阅读《渔翁》,结合注释理解全文,并在课堂上分享自己的感悟。

3.3 课堂讲解详细讲解诗中的生僻字词、意象、意境以及柳宗元的写作风格,帮助学生深入理解诗歌。

3.4 合作探讨学生分组讨论,分析诗中的表达技巧,并分享各自的心得体会。

3.5 课堂小结四、作业布置4.1 背诵《渔翁》;4.3 调查柳宗元的其他作品,下节课分享。

五、教学反思教师在课后对自己的教学进行反思,观察学生的学习效果,针对存在的问题调整教学方法,以提高教学效果。

关注学生的学习兴趣,激发他们对古代文学的热爱。

六、教学评价6.1 学生能够流畅地背诵《渔翁》;6.2 学生能够理解诗中的生僻字词及其含义,正确运用到日常生活中;6.3 学生能够分析诗中的意象、意境以及表达技巧,并运用到自己的写作中;6.4 学生能够了解柳宗元的生平及文学地位,认识到其在文学史上的重要性。

七、教学拓展7.1 组织学生进行诗歌朗诵比赛,让学生在朗诵中感受诗歌的韵律美;7.2 邀请文学爱好者进行专题讲座,让学生更深入地了解古代文学;7.3 开展柳宗元其他作品的阅读活动,让学生扩展阅读面。

初中语文教学课例《邓稼先》课程思政核心素养教学设计及总结反思

本堂课能较好地解决教学重难点,也能很好的调动 课例研究综
学生的课堂积极性,《邓稼先》一文的作者也是科学家, 述
与邓稼先有着五十年的友情。他写邓稼先大气磅礴,始
终以一百多年的中国近代史为背景,把邓稼先放在国际 大舞台上来写,显示作者博大深远的视野,并且最大限 度地凸现了一个立体的光芒四射的邓稼先的形象。邓稼 先为民族的发展做出了巨大的贡献,长期以来却鲜为人 知。因此,精心设计导语就非常重要。只有这样,才能 拉近学生与“两弹元勋”的距离。
文充分预习(也可给专门时间朗读)。
学生学习能
2.文中两个古文小段,学生理解有一定难度,尤其
力分析 是《吊古战场文》,课前要求学生借助注释及工具书读
懂它。
3.课前督促学生搜集邓稼先的事迹及图片,既能丰
富学生课外阅读,锻炼他们检索资料的能力,又能使他
们先对这位功勋人物有个比较全面的了解。
本课题的设计旨在让学生明白对比的写作手法,主
初中语文教学课例《邓稼先》教学设计及总结反思
学科
初中语文
教学课例名
《邓稼先》
称பைடு நூலகம்
重点:1、理解作者将邓稼先的生平、贡献放在广
阔的社会文化背景中加以描写、评论及精选横断面表现
人物的作用——更典型更集中地突出人物不平凡的经
历和对民族的伟大贡献。 教材分析
2、揣摩语言,把握句式特征,体会作者的思想感
情。
难点:引导学生感悟作者寄寓在字里行间的深情,
理解文章在记叙、议论基础上抒情的好处。
1、了解杨振宁、邓稼先两位科学家的有关情况及
一些相关的背景资料,体会住着的写作意图。
2、抓住重点句段,理解文章丰富的内涵,体会作
者的情感。
3、掌握本文以小标题连缀、自成一体、相对独立 教学目标

《一名物理学家的教育历程》课例分析1

《一名物理学家的教育历程》课例分析一、教学目标:(一)知识目标:1、了解课文写作背景和郁达夫的主要经历;2、体会课文的语言特点,培养学生感受美、欣赏美的能力;(二)技能目标:1、学会分析作品中人物的性格特征。

2、掌握说明文阅读中文意辨析题解题技巧。

(三)德育目标:探究作者教育历程的本质和启示。

二、教材与学情分析:文章的题目是“一名物理学家的教育历程”,因此,叙述的顺序主要是历时性的。

但是,作者开头就说“童年的两件趣事极大地丰富了我对世界的理解力,并且引导我走上成为一个理论物理学家的历程”。

而“童年的两件趣事”作为文章的主要内容,又是共时性的叙述。

这样的结构安排,使文章既脉络清楚,又重点突出,充分体现了一名理论物理学者的风格。

课文布局谋篇重点突出,详略得当。

在整体上,作者并没有从童年到小学到初中到高中,按时间顺序叙事,而是通过童年的两件趣事和高中时建立实验室的事例,突出“物理学家”的“教育历程”,并不旁及其他成长的经验;在局部上,重点放在制造自己的原子对撞机上,其中具体的数据陈述得很详尽,让我们体会到作者严谨、踏实的性格,以及成为物理学家所需要的基础工作能力。

三、重点难点1、让学生2、从中能够学到的是科学的学习方法和思维习惯。

3、由“秋味”探究作者情感四、课堂实施过程(1)导语设计情景导入成为一位科学家是无数有志青年的梦想,对物理的探究更是许多年轻的学子孜孜以求的,我们来看一下加来道雄的成长道路,或许能得到一些启发。

(板书)一名物理学家的教育历程(2)文本解读知识积累1.作家作品加来道雄,美籍日裔物理学家,纽约市立大学城市学院理论物理学教授。

他毕业于哈佛大学,获得加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校哲学博士学位。

他是《超越爱因斯坦》(与特雷纳合著)《量子场论》和《超弦导论》诸书的作者。

2.基础积累刨根究底(páo)撒手人寰(huán) 湮没(yān) 惊诧(chà) 栅栏(zhà)畏葸不前(xǐ) 五彩斑斓(lán) 目眩(xuàn) 鄙视(bǐ) 冷嘲热讽(fěnɡ)杜撰(zhuàn)——没有根据地编造虚构怪诞(dàn)——荒诞离奇古怪信息筛选快速阅读全文并思考:作者在文中指出在童年有两件事情大大地丰富了他对世界的理解力,并且引导他成为一个理论物理学家的历程,请找出是哪两件事?明确:1.童年观看鲤鱼世界而换位想到鲤鱼是如何思考理解未知世界的。

义务教育英语课程标准解析与课例

义务教育英语课程标准解析与课例全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1The Exciting World of English LearningHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 5th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today I want to tell you all about the amazing English lessons we get to experience as part of our compulsory education. It's such an adventure learning this super useful language!First off, let me explain what "compulsory education" means. Basically, it's the education that all kids in our country have to receive from the ages of around 6 to 16 years old. The government sets standards for what we should be learning in core subjects like math, science, history...and of course, English!The English curriculum standards lay out the skills and knowledge we need to develop year by year. The awesome part is that it's an upward spiral - each year we build on what we learned previously while advancing to new levels. Kind of like leveling up in a video game!In the early years like 1st and 2nd grade, we start off super basic. We learn the English alphabet and how to put sounds together into simple words. We practice listening to and repeating phrases our teachers say. Reading and writing come into play too as we start recognizing words and trying to construct simple sentences.3rd and 4th grade is where it gets way more exciting! We begin reading fun children's books and stories. The vocabulary we learn expands rapidly - colors, numbers, common objects, basic verbs and adjectives. We also start writing our own short passages and paragraphs. Conversational English becomes a major focus as we take turns asking and answering questions.Now that I'm in 5th grade, English has gotten quite challenging but in a good way! We read longer texts like fables, myths and age-appropriate novels. Literary analysis is new for us - identifying the main idea, examining characters and plot points, and looking for deeper meanings. Our writing has progressed to multi-paragraph essays and even short research reports.The highest levels of compulsory English take us all the way through middle school and early high school years. I can't wait because that's when we really go in-depth into classics of English literature! We'll be analyzing poetry, plays, novels and all sorts ofgenres. Our essays will require more critical thinking and we'll be citing evidence from texts. Public speaking and debate become major components too.No matter what career I end up pursuing, I know that having a solid grasp of English will be invaluable. It opens up opportunities to communicate across cultures, understand diverse perspectives, and unlock so much knowledge from English-language sources. The English standards we follow give us a strong foundation while allowing plenty of room for creativity and self-expression.My favorite part of English classes is when we get to discuss interesting stories or share our own writing. I love hearing everyone's unique thoughts and ideas. Sometimes we even get to perform skits or plays to practice our speaking skills in a fun way!Despite those hurdles, I appreciate how the standards keep raising the bar for us year after year. The skills just continue building towards bigger goals of fluent reading, writing, listening and speaking. By the time we've completed all levels of compulsory English education, we'll be awesome communicators ready to show off our language talents.In the meantime, I'll keep working hard, learning new words and grammar concepts, reading engaging books, writing creative stories, and pushing myself step-by-step. English is a beautiful language and I'm so lucky to have this incredible opportunity to truly master it.Those are my thoughts on the amazing journey of English learning that we get through our compulsory education standards. The road ahead will have its bumps but also many thrilling adventures and rewarding accomplishments. I'm honored to be able to share my experiences with you all. Let's appreciate how these carefully designed English standards encourage us to become educated, open-minded global citizens. The world is awaiting our English excellence!篇2English Class is Super Fun!Hey there, friends! Today, I want to talk to you about English class and how much I enjoy it. You see, our school follows these things called the "English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education," which are like guidelines that help our teachers plan really cool lessons for us.Let me break it down for you. The first thing the Standards say is that we should learn English through fun activities and games. Isn't that awesome? It means that instead of just sitting and listening to our teacher talk all day, we get to play, sing, and move around while learning the language. My favorite game is when we have to guess the English word based on the actions our teacher does. It's like charades, but in English!Another important part of the Standards is learning about different cultures. During our lessons, we get to learn about the traditions, food, and customs of people from English-speaking countries. Last week, we learned how to make pancakes, which are a popular breakfast food in the United States. It was so much fun, and they tasted delicious!But learning English isn't just about games and culture. The Standards also say that we need to learn how to use the language in real-life situations. For example, we practice ordering food at a restaurant or asking for directions. Our teacher sometimes pretends to be a waiter or a shopkeeper, and we have to talk to her in English. It's a bit scary at first, but it's really helpful for when we travel or meet people from other countries.One of the coolest things about our English lessons is that we get to learn through stories and songs. Our teacher often reads us storybooks or plays songs in English, and we have to try to understand what's happening. It's like a fun little mystery game, and it helps us learn new words and expressions without even realizing it.Oh, and did I mention the technology we get to use? Sometimes, our teacher lets us play educational games on the computer or watch videos in English. It's like learning through magic!Overall, I think the English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education are pretty awesome. They make sure that we learn English in a way that's enjoyable and practical, while also teaching us about different cultures and preparing us for real-life situations. English class is definitely one of my favorite parts of the school day!Well, that's all for now, friends. I hope you found this little explanation helpful. Until next time, keep practicing your English and having fun while doing it!篇3An Analysis of the National English Curriculum for Compulsory Education with Lesson ExamplesHello, everyone! Today, I want to talk about the English curriculum that we study in our schools. English is an important subject because it helps us communicate with people from all over the world. In this article, I will explain the key points of the National English Curriculum for Compulsory Education and share some interesting lesson examples.Introduction to the National English CurriculumThe National English Curriculum is a set of guidelines that tells us what we should learn in our English classes. It helps teachers plan their lessons and ensures that all students receive a quality education. The curriculum has different levels for different grades, and it focuses on four main language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.Key Points of the CurriculumListening: Listening is an essential skill that helps us understand what other people are saying. In English class, we listen to conversations, songs, and stories. Our teachers also ask us questions to check if we understood what we heard. For example,we might listen to a dialogue between two friends and then answer questions about it.Speaking: Speaking is all about expressing ourselves and communicating with others. In class, we practice speaking by having conversations, giving presentations, and participating in group activities. We learn how to introduce ourselves, ask and answer questions, and talk about our hobbies and interests. For example, we might have a role-play activity where we pretend to be a shopkeeper and a customer and practice buying and selling items.Reading: Reading is important because it helps us understand written information. We read different kinds of texts like stories, articles, and poems. We also learn how to understand new words and phrases by using a dictionary. Our teachers sometimes ask us to summarize what we read or answer questions to check our comprehension. For example, we might read a short story about a brave adventurer and then write a summary of the story.Writing: Writing allows us to express our thoughts and ideas on paper. We learn how to write different types of texts, such as letters, emails, and short essays. Our teachers teach us grammar and vocabulary so that we can write correctly. We also practice spelling and handwriting. For example, we might write a letter to a friend describing our favorite place and invite them to visit.Lesson ExamplesLet me share some interesting lesson examples that we have in our English classes.The Animal Kingdom: In this lesson, our teacher brings pictures of different animals and tells us their names in English. We learn how to describe animals using adjectives like big, small, fast, and slow. We also learn about their habitats and what they eat. We have a fun activity where we draw our favorite animal and describe it to our classmates.Famous People: In this lesson, we learn about famous people from around the world. We read short biographies and talk about their achievements. We also practice asking and answering questionsabout them. Sometimes, we even dress up as our favorite famous person and give a short speech about them.Let's Cook: In this lesson, we learn about food and cooking. We read recipes in English and learn new vocabulary related to cooking. We also practice giving instructions and following recipes. As a group activity, we prepare a simple dish together and enjoy eating it. It's so much fun!ConclusionEnglish is a wonderful subject that helps us connect with people from different cultures. The National English Curriculum for Compulsory Education ensures that we learn important language skills like listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Through interesting lessons and activities, we can improve our English skills while having fun. So, let's enjoy learning English and explore the world together!I hope you find this article helpful and informative. Good luck with your English studies!篇4Title: Analysis of Compulsory Education English Curriculum Standards and Course ExamplesHi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 10-year-old student in the fifth grade. Today, I want to share with you my thoughts on the English curriculum standards and some of the course examples we've been learning in our English classes.First of all, let me explain what the compulsory education English curriculum standards are all about. These standards are like a set of guidelines or rules that teachers and schools follow to make sure we learn English properly. They cover different aspects of the language, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing.One of the main goals of the standards is to help us develop good communication skills in English. This means that we should be able to understand what others are saying and express our own thoughts and ideas clearly. The standards also emphasize the importance of learning about different cultures and developing a global perspective.In our English classes, we have been following these standards through various activities and exercises. For example, we often practice listening to dialogues or short stories and thenanswer questions about what we heard. This helps us improve our listening comprehension skills.We also do a lot of speaking activities, like role-playing conversations or giving short presentations. At first, I was a bit nervous about speaking in front of my classmates, but with practice, I've become more confident. Our teacher encourages us to use the new vocabulary and grammar structures we've learned in our conversations.Reading is another important part of our English lessons. We read stories, articles, and other texts that are appropriate for our age and level. Our teacher guides us through the reading material, helping us understand the meaning and teaching us new words and expressions. We also discuss the main ideas and characters in the stories, which is a lot of fun!Writing is probably the most challenging part for me, but I'm slowly getting better at it. We learn how to write different types of texts, such as descriptions, narratives, and letters. Our teacher gives us feedback on our writing assignments, which helps us improve our grammar, spelling, and overall writing skills.One of the course examples I really enjoyed was when we learned about different festivals and celebrations around the world. We read stories, watched videos, and even did some craftsrelated to these festivals. It was fascinating to learn about the customs and traditions of other cultures, and it made me appreciate the diversity in our world.Another fun example was when we had a pen pal project. We each got paired up with a student from another country, and we exchanged letters and emails with them. It was exciting to learn about their lives, hobbies, and interests, and to practice our English writing skills at the same time.Overall, I think the compulsory education English curriculum standards are really helpful in guiding our learning process. The course examples and activities make learning English more enjoyable and engaging. Of course, there are times when I find some topics or exercises a bit challenging, but with the support and encouragement of our teacher, I'm gradually improving my English skills.I'm grateful that we have these standards in place because they ensure that we receive a well-rounded and comprehensive English education. As I continue my studies, I'm excited to explore more aspects of the English language and gain a deeper understanding of different cultures around the world.That's all for now, folks! I hope you found my analysis and examples interesting. Keep practicing your English, and remember to have fun while learning!篇5"Yay! We're going to talk about English class today! Are you excited? I sure am! Let's dive into the world of English and explore what we'll be learning in our compulsory education English classes.First things first, what exactly do we mean by 'compulsory education'? Well, it's the education that every child has to receive by law. In our country, compulsory education lasts for nine years, from primary school to junior high school. During this time, we have to study certain subjects, and one of them is English!Why do we need to learn English, you ask? Great question! English is like a magical key that can unlock doors to new worlds. It's a language spoken by people all over the globe, and knowing it can help us communicate with friends from different countries, read amazing books and stories, and even travel to exciting places!But wait, there's more! Learning English isn't just about memorizing words and grammar rules. It's also aboutunderstanding different cultures, ways of thinking, and perspectives. When we learn English, we're not just learning a language; we're also opening our minds to new and fascinating ideas.Now, let's talk about the English curriculum standards. These are like a map that guides our English learning journey. They tell us what we should know and be able to do at each grade level. For example, in the early grades, we'll focus on building a strong foundation by learning basic vocabulary, simple sentences, and listening and speaking skills.As we progress through the grades, the standards become more challenging. We'll learn how to read and write more complex texts, engage in conversations on various topics, and even give presentations in English! Doesn't that sound exciting?But learning English isn't just about following the standards. It's also about having fun and exploring new ways to learn. Our teachers have all sorts of cool activities and games planned to make our English classes enjoyable and interactive.One of my favorite activities is role-playing. We get to pretend to be different characters and have conversations in English. It's like being an actor on a stage, but without the brightlights and fancy costumes (although sometimes we do dress up, which makes it even more fun!).Another activity I love is storytelling. Our teacher reads us stories from around the world, and we get to discuss the characters, plot, and themes. It's like going on a journey through books, but without ever leaving the classroom!And let's not forget about songs and games! We learn English through catchy tunes and fun activities that help us remember vocabulary and grammar rules. It's like learning without even realizing it!Remember, learning a new language is like going on an adventure. There might be bumps and obstacles along the way, but with perseverance and a positive attitude, we can overcome them and become English language explorers!So, are you ready to embark on this exciting journey? Let's grab our backpacks, fill them with curiosity and enthusiasm, and set off to explore the wonderful world of English together!篇6My Thoughts on English ClassHi there! My name is Emily and I'm a 5th grader at Sunny Hills Elementary School. Today I wanted to share my thoughts on learning English in school. It's one of my favorite subjects!Our English classes follow what's called the "National English Curriculum Standards." That's a big fancy name, but it just means the guidelines that teachers use to plan our lessons and decide what we need to learn each year. Let me break it down for you:In the early grades like 1st and 2nd, the focus is on developing our basic English skills. We spend a lot of time learning the alphabet, how to read and write simple words and sentences. The curriculum wants us to build a solid foundation.It's also really important at this stage to get exposed to the language through songs, rhymes, games and stories. That's how we start training our ears to the sounds and rhythms of English. My teacher often reads us fun storybooks and has us act out little skits. It makes language learning way more enjoyable!As we move into grades 3-5, the standards expect us to get better at listening, speaking, reading and writing in English. The vocabulary we learn gets more advanced, covering different topics and genres of texts. We might read fables, myths, poems, and even start analyzing short novels!The writing assignments get longer and trickier too. We're not just journaling anymore, but have to write book reports, opinion pieces, research papers and creative stories. Proper grammar, spelling and punctuation become really important.I remember in 4th grade we had to interview our parents and write a mini-biography about them. That was such a fun project! This year, we even learned how to write persuasive letters and gave presentations to the class. Public speaking is still a little nerve-wracking for me, but it's a great skill to have.Another key area is building our English comprehension skills through different texts and media. We might read an article, watch a short video, then discuss the main ideas as a class. The curriculum wants us to learn how to think critically about what we're consuming.There's also a big emphasis on cross-cultural awareness and values education. Through our English learning materials, we explore different cultures, traditions and ways of life around the world. It's so interesting to me! We also discuss moral topics like integrity, respect and environmental protection.One thing I really enjoy is when we get to apply our English skills through hands-on activities, like putting on short plays orcreating video projects. The curriculum actually encourages this to make our learning more engaging and meaningful.Overall, I feel like our English program sets clear goals for developing our proficiency year by year. It gradually builds up our skills from the basics to more advanced communication and critical thinking abilities. The content also exposes us to diverse topics that broaden our perspectives.What definitely helps is having a passionate, supportive teacher. Mrs. Robertson makes English fun by getting us actively involved, whether it's through games, group work or creative projects. She knows how to bring the lessons to life in an engaging way.At the end of the day, becoming fluent in English will open up so many amazing opportunities for me in the future. I'm grateful our education system puts such an emphasis on building these crucial skills from a young age. Even though it can be tough, I truly believe studying English is an incredibly valuable investment in my future.Well, those are my thoughts for now! I'll continue working hard to meet and hopefully exceed those curriculum standards. Here's to many more years of amazing English learning ahead!。

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课例解析: 14、匈奴的兴起及与汉朝的和战 2008、11、5 说明:应实验学校的历史老师们的要求,今天下午奉献了一节观摩课,因为他们要求上一节常态课,所以就按照平时上课的路子,轻轻松松来了一节,上完课的感觉良好,所以把课例整理出来,以备后用。 从这个学期开始,对自己的课堂来了一个革命:就是尽早培养学生的问题意识——让学生“读课题提问、课中提问和小结提问”,上课解决的问题是学生自己提出的问题。这次观摩课就算是对2个多月课改成果的一个展示和汇报吧。现在我奉献给大家。 上课流程:

1、历史上的今天(11、5): 罗列出发生在11月5日的国际国内大事: (1)1924年11月5日,末代皇帝溥仪被逐出宫,结束了满清皇室占据紫禁城的时代。 (2)1950年11月5日,抗美援朝第一次战役结束,初步稳定了朝鲜战局。 (3)1989年11月5日,亚太经济合作组织成立。 (4)1996年11月5日,骆家辉当选为美国历史上第一位华人州长 。 (5)2008年11月5日,美国总统大选揭晓 ,奥巴马大胜麦凯恩,成为美国历史上的第一位黑人总统 „„ 【历史上的今天】这一小栏目,虽可能与新课无太大关系。但每节课都安排这个栏目,长期坚持下来,有利于培养学生关心政治、关注历史的意识,对于学生的长远发展无疑是大有裨益的。 2、导入新课: 简单说明今天美国总统大选揭晓 ,奥巴马以绝对的优势大胜对手麦凯恩,成为美国

历史上的第一位黑人总统。奥巴马在美国这场大选中获胜,成为冠军。那同学们知道知道冠军这个名称的由来吗?(生齐声回答:不知道)冠军的由来和两个历史人物有关,一是汉武帝,二是霍去病。为什么和他俩有关呢?学习了今天这节课不仅能得到这个问题的答案,而且还会学到更多的知识。(由此导入新课,并出示课题) 这样由现实导入历史,学生会感到亲切自然,易于接收,并且能够巧妙地与本课重点内容结合起来。 3. 引导学生读题目提出问题:学生的问题涵盖了如下内容,也正是本节课需要学习的内容——

生:匈奴如何兴起?汉匈两族和战的原因、经过和影响分别是什么? 师:就让我们带着这些问题,走进今天的课堂吧。 4.自主研习,发现问题。出示学习要求和方法 (1)从教材中你能获得哪些相关的历史信息? (提示:时间、地点、人物、 事件、结果、影响等) (2)有哪些证据来证实这些历史信息的真实性? (提示:史书记载、诗句、图片、文物等) (3)还有哪些感兴趣并想进一步探究的历史问题? (学生看书活动略) 随后三个学习小组的学生上黑板展示本组的学习成果,把主要的知识点精炼地板书到黑板上。(学生把重要知识点板书黑板,略)实践证明,学生能够找出主要知识点,也就是这节课的重点内容。本环节,通过指导学生阅读教材的方法,培养学生的阅读能力和整体把握让教材的能力。通过把重要知识点板书黑板展示了自主学习的收获,通过自己提出问题,搞清楚了自己的疑惑所在。 学生是学习的主人,在这个环节中,大胆把学习主动权还给学生,让学生自己去获取知识、发现疑惑。打出三个小提示,对学生的自学给予必要的指导,特别是提示2无形中让学生明白历史注重证据的这一理念。 5. 本课基础知识的梳理,如下。 以上搭建了本课知识的立交桥,是全课内容的结构式呈现。这一环节是在学生自主学习的基础上,由师生共同完成的,是对课文内容的重新整合和建构,有利于学生宏观把握教材,进一步帮助学生理清思路,也为学生下一步解较难问题提供了帮助, 6. 提出问题,合作探究 随之要求学生对照本课结构图,把上一学习环节的疑惑提出来,教师一定不要代替学生回答,而是鼓励各学习小组内交流、合作、探究。采用2468式讨论,2人不能解决的,4人解决;4人不能解决的„„依此类推,对于小组未能解决的问题,推向全班;全班解决不了的,教师再精讲。教师要“无事不出场”,“该出场时才出场”。教师通过提供足够的材料,引导学生阅读、思考、合作探究,直到“论从史出”,圆满解决学生的疑问。这时候的学生就会豁然开朗、意犹未尽、回味无穷,获得极大的学习满足感。这样的课堂就是有效地课堂充满生命智慧的课堂,充满理智挑战的课堂,是开放的课堂,是真诚、深刻、丰富的课堂,也是学生最需要的课堂。 在这过程中,对学生自学中遇到的问题,首先采取组内解决的办法,让学生的问题自行解决。如此的方式,解放了老师、活跃了学生。(学生相互解答问题的过程略)教师在这一环节中要强调两件事:卫青、霍去病大破匈奴和昭君出塞

霍去病:对照知识结构,让学生介绍之,教师补充总结。 霍去病:反击匈奴的著名将领,武艺高强,作战勇敢,小小年纪勇冠三军,被汉武帝封为冠军侯,以后的竞技比赛第一名获得者被称为冠军就是来源于此。为表彰他的功绩,汉武帝在长安给他建了豪宅,他婉言谢绝说“匈奴未灭,何以为家?”继续在战场杀敌。去世时年仅23岁,汉武帝为他修建了坟墓,离自己的墓仅有1000多米,形状如祁连山的,墓前是马踏匈奴的雕像,象征着他抗击匈奴的赫赫战功,像青山一样万古长存。 *昭君出塞为什么得到人们的肯定和赞扬? 因为昭君出塞带来长久的和平(半个多世纪),为汉匈两族经济文化交流做出了重要贡献。她一生致力于汉匈友好,其子女也是这样。相传昭君死后,匈奴人含着眼泪从四面八方带来泥土,堆成一座土丘,于是形成了我们现在看到的昭君墓。还传说内蒙古只要已婚妇女久久不孕,只要到昭君墓上捧一把土回家,就能喜得贵子,昭君就是送子观音。今天凡到内蒙古去领略塞外风光的人,都要去听一听当地人讲述昭君,

匈 奴 汉 朝 和 战 汉高祖时采取和亲政策 汉武帝时派卫青、 霍去病大破匈奴

汉元帝时,昭君出塞

南匈奴向汉称臣

窦固、窦宪大败北匈奴

和 战 和 东 汉 西 汉

秦汉之际,统一并强大起来

知识梳理 凭吊昭君墓。因为昭君墓在内蒙古已不是她一个人的陵墓,而成为民族友好的象征。王昭君甘愿牺牲自己个人的利益下嫁到边疆,换取边疆的稳定和边疆人民的安定生活,受到各族人民的爱戴。要求学生找出课本相关的史料、诗句、图片等加以说明。 设问:上述2人哪些优秀的个人品质值得我们学习? 生:勇敢、为国家利益牺牲自己、„„ 教师在提出问题这一环节中,也要多准备几个问题,如果正好和学生的疑问一致,就不需要呈现;如果学生没有涉及到,教师就要分配给大家,引导学生共同探究。注意,教师的问题一定是源于课本且高于课本,让学生跳一跳摘到桃子。如本课我提出如下三个问题: 7.出示教师的三个问题,分配给三个学习小组,要求合作解决:

(1)汉初和汉武帝时期,对匈奴的政策有什么不同?为什么? (2)汉初的“和亲”和汉元帝时的“和亲”有何不同?为什么? (3)怎样理解当时的民族关系?你从中能得到什么启示? 每组讨论汇报完成以后,教师要点评和补充,并做好必要的升华。 (1)汉初和汉武帝时期,对匈奴的政策有什么不同?为什么? 汉初对匈奴采取屈辱的和亲政策,因为国困民穷,经济萧条,全国一片荒凉;汉武帝时期,经过60多年的休养生息政策,经济繁荣,国力强盛,积蓄了足够的粮食、钱财和战马,训练了勇敢善战的士兵,做好了反击匈奴的准备。国力的强盛与否,是战争胜败的物质基础。 (2)汉初的“和亲”和汉元帝时的“和亲”有何不同?为什么? 汉初的“和亲”,是被迫的,是缓兵之计;汉元帝时的“和亲”是匈奴单于胡韩邪来求亲的,昭君是自愿前往的。反映了汉朝2个不同时期的经济实力,经济实力决定着民族政策。 (3)怎样理解当时的民族关系?你从中能得到什么启示? 这样处理这一目:出示秦汉与匈奴的关系,对照小结继续解决问题

强调以下三点: 一是我国自古以来就是一个多民族的国家,中华民族的历史是由各族人民共同缔造的。匈奴族座位少数民族之一,对我国北方草原的统一和经济开发做出了积极的贡献;二是历史上各民族间有战有和,(补充民族间的战争,是中华民族内部的战争,没有侵略与反侵略的性质,但有正义与非正义之分,进步与破坏之分。)但和一直是历史发展的主流,正是在各族战与和之间,我国历史曲折地向前发展的,也正是由

匈 奴 汉 朝

汉高祖 汉武帝

汉元帝

西 汉 和 战 和 东 汉 和 战

秦 朝

战 于有了这些兴衰变故,才使得我国的历史更为丰富多彩。三是像王昭君、霍去病、卫青这些为民族间安定、和平做出贡献的人物,永远受到后人称颂,他们名垂千古。

并设问,今天我们国家的民族关系怎样?自然过渡到下一目: 8、形成共识,以史鉴今 生:各民族不再打仗,而是民族平等,和谐共处„„ 师:你知道我国政府现在实行什么民族政策吗? 因为初一的学生还没有学到,教师直接出示“实行民族区域自治,实行各民族平等、团结和共同繁荣的原则”,要加以简单解释。 (结束语)今天我国政府在少数民族地区实行民族区域自治,坚持实行各民族平等、团结和共同繁荣的原则。今天的祖国56个民族再也不是相互征战,而是56个兄弟姐妹是一家,大家和谐共处,56个民族56朵花,共同开放在祖国的大家园,共同建设着我们的现代化国家。 这一环节由历史又回到现实,看今天的民族政策,这样充分体现了历史教学的原则“从生活中来,到生活中去”。 9、课外延伸: (1)本课有众多的历史人物,如汉武帝、冒顿单于、卫青、霍去病,王昭君,课下有兴趣的同学搜集任意一个你喜欢的,谈谈他(她)的哪些个人优秀品质值得你学习? (2)汉武帝是一位雄才大略的皇帝,他在位时西汉达到鼎盛时期。请你列举出汉武帝大一统的措施。(提示:从政治、思想文化、经济、民族关系等方面) 自评:本节课的教学遵循了“从生活中来,到生活中去”的原则,通过三个环节完成历史教学任务。前两个环节主要通过引导学生提出问题,解决问题,即培养学生的问题意识,完成学习任务。

他评:通过前二个环节,本课内容得以解决,整个的过程是学生自己提出问题 、解答问题,自行学习的过程,教师进行大胆而心细的“放手”。学习真正成为学生的事情,教师成为学生学生的组织者和引导者。如此的课程,必是有效的课堂。

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