非谓语动词例题讲解及练习
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非谓语动词例题讲解及练习
一.非谓语动词的两变
非谓语动词也叫非限定动词,也就是说没有受到人称与数的限定。动词的时态,谓语动词有三变即,时态,语态与主谓一致三个方面的变化,而非谓语动词没有一致的要求,因此,非谓语动词只有时态与语态两种变化。大家都知道,非谓语动词有三种最基本的形式即,过去分词,现在分词和不定式,在初中阶段这三种形式分别以done, doing和(to)do,来代表,其实这三种形式不能完全反映非谓语的两变,只能表达过去,现在,将来(不定式意思是不确定的意思,将来的事是不确定的,所以代表将来),及过去分词可表被动。非谓语动词的时态与语态全面变化如下表:
二.解题思路:
非限定动词有时态和语态两种变化,非限定动词的语态取决于非限定动词的逻辑主语。非限定动词作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语;非限定动词作定语时,其逻辑主语为其修饰的那个词;非限定动词作宾语补语时其逻辑主语为宾语。非限定动词的时态,主要看其与谓语动词时间的比较,看它发生在谓语动作之前,之后,还是同时发生。非限定动词在句子中的语法功能及逻辑主语如下表:
三.例题解析
1. The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining
B. to join
C. joined
D. having joined
解析:本题非谓语作定语修饰The island,其逻辑主语为The island,join与the island 是被动关系,只有C 为被动式。
2. It's important for the figures _________ regularly.
A. to be updated
B. to have been updated
C. to update
D. to have updated
解析:本题非谓语作作介词for的宾语补语,其逻辑主语为the figures,与更新update是被动关系,A与B 选项都有被动式,本题还得考虑时态,句中有时间状语regularly,不是指具体哪一次更新,所以不用完成式,选A。
3. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____ on your feet.
A. to keep
B. keeping
C. having kept
D. to have kept
解析:本题非谓语作状语,其逻辑主语为you,与keep on your feet是主动关系,但四个选项都是主动式,关键是两变中的时态,让你更累与站着应该是伴随着的动作,且不管什么时候都一样,固选B。
4. Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared
B. comparing
C. compares
D. being compared
解析:本题非谓语作定语修饰survey,这里有两个动作过程,一是进行调,二是比较价格,调查这一动作是被人执行的,但这个调去比较加上得主动的。C为谓语动词,A与C有被动式,固选B。
5. I got to the office earlier that day, ______ the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught
B. to have caught
C. to catch
D. having caught
解析:本题非谓语作状语,其逻辑主语是I,我赶上火车是主动关系,因此不能选A,本题关键是两变中的时态变化,我必须先赶上这趟火车,才能早到办公,赶火车发生在谓语到达办公室前,所以要用完成体,选D。
6. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A. lose
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
解析:本题非谓语作宾语补语,其逻辑主语是themselves,作家们迷惑是因为单词,所以是被动关系,只有B为被动式。
7. If they win the final tonight, the teams are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were cheered
解析:本题非谓语作状语,其逻辑主语是the teams,队伍是由热情的支持者欢呼,是被动关系,但四个选项都是被动,D为谓语被动式,不能选。从语境看,比赛还没有进行,应该是将来的事,所以要用不定式表将来,选C。
8. _________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
A. Offer
B. Offering
C. Offered
D. To offer
解析:本题非谓语作状语,其逻辑主语为Andy,Andy应该是演员,提导演提供角色给Andy,是被动关系,只有C选项是被动式,固选C。
9. Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
解析:本题非谓语作宾语被语,我们只要把原句变为主动语态,就可以知道其逻辑主语为Passenger,是主动关系,C与D不能选。从非谓语两变中的时态来讲,允许某人做某事,应该是先得到允许再去做,固先A。
10. The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
解析:本题非谓语作定语修饰ability这里的能力是指任何的能力,或指your ability,因此其逻辑主语为你或任何人,与表达是主动关系,而且ability为一种潜能,而不是指过去或现在在做的能力,固选C。
11. We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
解析:本题非谓语作定语修饰The decision,很明显决定是被做出,而且会还没开,决定也还没有做,所以选A。