浅析《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克人物形象的矛盾性

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《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的人物分析

倍加奉敬。 ” 而且当安东尼奥无法偿还贷款时，他就坚决要割掉安东尼奥一块肉，他什么都不要就是要他身上的一块肉，
从他的语言及行为看出他是坚决要复仇的。２．夏洛克是个有着不错收入的高利贷者。有着一定的经济地位却受着基督教徒的一再侮辱欺凌，在那种情况下他也得努力生存通过借给穷人钱，对此我感到非常的同情。犹
著于犹太人：ｊ己的身份建构，同时也在积极对抗着基督教文
化的霸权，但最后归于失败，夏洛克这个人物产生有其历史的必然性，我们应该正视这个反抗者，正视这个民族。
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觉、没有感情、没有血气吗？他不是吃着同样的食物，同样的武器可以伤害他，同样的医药可以治疗他，冬天同样会冷，夏
弃的民族，他们没有自己的国家和土地，被迫在世界各地游走做生意为生。只能靠自己的勤劳聪明努力生存和生活。即使这样，他们还是会随时遭到基督教及当时社会普通人的歧视和侮辱。当时的威尼斯虽说是讲法律的社会，人民大众
对法律也是深信不疑，夏洛克也曾多次运用法律武器来维护
放过那些鄙视他侮辱他的人。他一步一步让安东尼奥走入
这出喜剧当中最大的悲剧人物。好像有一连串的不幸都恰巧被他遇上，这一点小说中好多地方可以说明，他的仆人跑到了他的敌人那边，他的女儿带着他的钱财和心上人私奔，在故事的结尾夏洛克几乎失去了所有剩下的财产，他得到的是更多的罚款，几乎所有的不幸和挫折都集中到了他的身

夏洛克形象刍议

失。当夏洛克得知女儿拿走珠宝钱财与情人私奔时，他焦急万分，四处寻找，甚至叠声诅咒女儿：“ 希望我的女儿死我色彩。结合时代背景来看，在１、１世纪交替之际，欧洲人陆６７
在我的脚下，那些珠宝都挂在她的耳朵上；我希望她就在我在文艺复兴运动的影响下引发了一系列的社会变革。尽管新的脚下人土安葬，些银钱都摆放在她的棺材里 ”。正是由那
于他过分关注金钱，所以当别人提议花钱寻找女儿时，他却旧两种观念的矛盾也存在于作家的观念意识中，剧作家对于
们总在公众场合辱骂夏洛克，啐他，用脚踢他，甚至连地位低贱的葛莱西安诺、朗斯洛特们也指着夏洛克的鼻子破口大骂，试图把一切社会罪恶都归咎于犹太人身上，恨不得把夏
、ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
贪婪吝啬之徒
在很长的一段时间里，夏洛克被认为是作者笔下的一个
否定性人物，是一个贪婪吝啬之徒。剧中，作者也是抓住这
一
使夏洛克下定决心要割那一磅肉，安东尼奥置于死地。在将
这里，作者并没有把夏洛克这个人物简单化，而是通过这样
一
性格特征—— 贪婪与吝啬，从家庭和社会生活两方面进行
犹豫了。 “ 听不到他们的下落？正是：为了追她，又不知打花了我多少钱。唉，这叫损失上再加损失！贼卷了这么多跑了，还要花这么多去追贼，结果还是一无所得，还是出不了这一口气！”而后又得知女儿 “ 一晚上花八十两银子 ”时，夏洛克又说 “ 刀刺我的心 ”。在剧作中，夏洛克对金钱的钢贪婪、吝啬之态被淋漓尽致地展现出来。确实，夏洛克的表现，使他无愧于 “ 四大吝啬鬼之一 ”的称号。

《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读

《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读人物分析：夏洛克的全面逆袭，解读反差很大，夏洛克要被看作是民族英雄了?文章还从夏洛克的性格入手解读他消极的，积极的性格以及悲剧的根源。

我的解读就是围绕着三个问题展开，然后谈谈我的思考：1.夏洛克究竟向谁复仇?2.夏洛克的信仰是什么?3.基督精神是否能拯救夏洛克?(一)夏洛克究竟该向谁复仇?“……我只能说我喜欢这样。

……除了因为我对于安东尼奥抱着久积的仇恨和深刻的反感，所以才会向他进行着一场对于我自己并没有好处的诉讼。

”“什么!你愿意被毒蛇咬两次吗?“”把夏洛克关键语言提取才出来，就会看到这些刺眼的字眼，不禁好奇。

这是多么大的仇恨啊?要这么处心积虑的“复仇”，这么刻骨铭心的仇恨的源起到底是什么?在剧本的第一幕第三场，巴萨尼奥带着安东尼奥在威尼斯广场找夏洛克借钱。

“……好多次您在交易所立骂我，说我盘剥取利，我总是忍气吞声，耸耸肩膀，没有和您争辩，忍受迫害本来是我们民族的特色……唾沫吐在我犹太长袍上……”(屈辱感源自这些词语)“只因为我用自己的钱博取几个利息……”(不这么做，我怎么生存?)啊!原来如此!只因为象一个顽皮的男孩子的对夏洛克谩骂，吐唾沫了，也许，事后，安东尼奥自己都忘了，可是夏洛夏洛克克却久久无法释怀,恨得咬牙切齿。

究竟是什么放大了他的疼痛，让他觉得如此屈辱，不杀不快!把安东尼奥和夏洛克放在时代背景下，宗教的背景下，价值观的背景下，民族的背景下，我们不难发现，这些矛盾由来已久，两个人都不自觉得被打上了烙印，贴上了标签。

所以夏洛克象一个塞满火药的火药桶，擦着火星就要引爆。

细读文本，不难发现。

以安东尼奥、巴萨尼奥为首的威尼斯商人包括公爵在内，都称夏洛克为异族人、异教徒轻蔑之情溢于言表，而夏洛克也是奋起“反击”。

夏洛克：“这些便是相信基督教的丈夫!我有一个女儿，我宁愿她嫁给强盗的子孙，不愿她嫁给一个基督徒。

别再浪费光阴了;请快些宣判吧。

”(民族的冲突，宗教信仰的冲突多么尖锐!更是一个弱势民族对于自己尊严的捍卫!)从夏洛克的回应中，不难看出其也有自尊的一面，潜台词：你们看不起我，我还看不起你们呢!他对尊严越是捍卫，疼痛感和屈辱感就越强烈。

毕业论文-威尼斯商人中夏洛克的性格分析

编号：本科毕业论文（设计）题目：《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的人物性格分析学院外国语学院专业英语教育学号************姓名李美华指导教师高福猛职称讲师完成日期2015年4月20日An Analysis of Shylock’s Character in The Merchant of VeniceA Thesis Submittedto School of Foreign Languages ofFuyang Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByLi MeihuaSupervisor：Gao FumengApril 20, 2015诚信承诺我谨在此承诺：本人所写的毕业论文《<威尼斯商人>中夏洛克的性格分析》均系本人独立完成，没有抄袭行为，凡涉及其他作者的观点和材料，均作了注释，若有不实，后果由本人承担。

承诺人（签名）：年月摘要《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克作为一个负面人物，与作品中其他人物形象形成鲜明的对比。

他通常被视为一个自私﹑贪婪的商人。

但随着时代的发展，人们对夏洛克的看法逐渐产生了分歧。

本文试从以下几个部分分析夏洛克的双重人物形象：第一部分主要讲述他性格的两大极端：一方面，他是一个残忍的恶棍，一个贪婪的守财奴，一个令人鄙视的小丑；同时，他又是一个经营有道的商人，尽职尽责的父亲及一位犹太民族正义的代表。

第二部分主要从宗教﹑经济和政治三方面分析夏洛克这个可怜人物的双重性格的形成原因。

第三部分主要揭露了夏洛克双重性格背后的民族歧视﹑宗教迫害及社会地位的差异等社会现象。

本文深刻分析了夏洛克复杂多变的人物性格，有助于人们意识到人人生而平等，每个人都赋予不可剥夺的生存权力，从而为建立和谐社会，和谐世界而努力。

关键词：双重性格；原因；犹太民族；正义代表AbstractShylock, a negative character, serves as a contrast to the protagonists in The Merchant of Venice, who has always been regarded as a vicious, selfish, avaricious merchant. However, with the development of time, people begin to hold different opinions on him. This paper tries to analyze Shylock’s dual character from the following parts: The first part discusses the two extremes of his character: On the one hand, he is a brutal scoundrel, an avaricious miser and a contemptible clown. On the other hand, he is also a successful merchant, a responsible father and a brave warrior; the second part analyzes the reasons of this poor character, Shylock’s dual character from religious, economic, and political perspectives; the third part discloses some social phenomena behind Shylock’s dual character, such as racial discrimination, religious persecution, different social status and so on. Through the analysis of Shylock’s complex and changeable character, this paper is conducive to making people realize that all are born equal and everyone has the inalienable right to exist so that we can make every effort to build a harmonious society and world.Key words: dual characters; causes; Jewish race; a righteous representativeTable of Contents诚信承诺书 (I)摘要 (II)Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... I II Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ I V I. Introduction .. (1)II. Shylock’s Dual Characters (3)2.1 The Vicious Aspects of Shylock (4)2.1.1 Shylock as a Mean, Cruel Moneylender (4)2.1.2 Shylock as a Cruel and Atrocious Avenger (5)2.2. The Good Aspects of Shylock (5)2.2.1 Shylock as an Intelligent and Diligent Merchant (5)2.2.2 Shylock as a Good Father and Husband (6)2.2.3 Shylock as a Righteous Representative of Jewish Race (7)III. Causes of His Complex Character (8)3.1 Religious Factors (8)3.2 Economic Factors (9)3.3 Political Factors (10)IV. Realistic Significance o f Shylock’s Character (10)4.1 Eliminating National Prejudice (10)4.2 Building a Harmonious Society (11)V. Conclusion (12)References (13)I. IntroductionThe Merchant of Venice, one of the famous comedy of Shakespeare, was written in about 1596-1597 years, when Shakespeare changed his writing style from comedy to tragedy. It is the time that the country was ruled by the queen Elizabeth, especially in 1588, when the British defeated the Spanish, the Britain came into its flourished time when the trade of merchant usurer developed so quickly. Besides, at that time, there were so many social problems, especially the racial discrimination. Jewish race was thought the lowest races in the world. And Jewish people suffered a lot of insults and lived a very hard life. They did not have official jobs and several of them succeeded in becoming moneylender. Aristocrats had adjusted to living a lavished life, so they became the victims of the moneylenders, just like Antonio. So is the same with the dispute between the capital class and those Jewish usurers. In this play, we know Shylock is a mean, cruel and inhuman usurers, who puts money in the first place. And the contradiction between Antonio and Shylock is the same with the racial problems.For a long time, people seem to fail to take good aspects of Shylock into account, and regard him as a vicious villain. So this paper just wants to discuss Shylock’s characters in an all-inclusive way.The Merchant of Venice, a masterpiece of William Shakespeare, plays an important role in English literature. And, shylock in this play, a distinctive and controversial character, has been always on the mouth of people. In most people’s eyes，he is always a brutal scoundrel, a greed miser, and a contemptible clown. But with time goes by, some people are beginning to talk about Shylock’s character in a more complex perspective. So this paper tries to share the author’s opinion with others in a different way and to analyze the reasons why Shylock has such dual characters and tragedy life from the religious, economic and political factors. Besides, As modern citizens, we need have an updated eyes to see everything equally and rationally. Survival in this ever-growing society, Most of us fail to remember what we really need and are prone to seeking money without even thinking about the means. That is not the right way in which people treat persons and things. So this paper sincerely hope that after talking about Shylock’s dual characters in a more rational way, we can have a better understanding of this world, and love each other as well as build a more harmonious society.Being finished in 1596, The Merchant of Venice is a brilliant comedy and the masterpiece of the second period of Shakespeare’s works. The story whose theme is extolling kindness, friendship and love happened in Venice in the 16th century. The general plot is as follows: In Venice, a merchant named Antonio invested all his wealth in merchandise and ships for foreign trade. So when his close friend Bassanio, a poor gentleman he always helps generously, wants to borrow money to court Portia, a rich heiress who lives in Belmont, Antonio has no ready money for him. Thus, Antonio asks Shylock, a Jewish usurer for a loan. In fact, Shylock has been bearing him a grudge for a long time, just because Antonio often reviles him in the Rialto and once called him a misbeliever, cut-throat dog as well as spat at him due to their different religious beliefs. Shylock thinks the opportunity of taking revenge is coming, so he says yes to Antonio’s request to borrow three thousand ducats, however, the condition is that Antonio would loss a pound of his flesh if he is not able to return them before the deadline. Antonio is very confident and signs the bond.With the money, Bassanio went to Belmont. To marry Portia is not easy, because although Portia’s father has died, he left three caskets used to choose husband for her. Th e first casket is made of gold, the second of silver, and the third of lead. Among the three caskets, only one contains Portia’s portrayal and the person who chooses the casket can marry Portia. All the other suitors either refuse to solve the puzzle or choose wrong ones, but Bassanio chooses correctly and wins Portia. When Bassanio and Portia are immersed in the joy, bad news comes that none of Antonio’s ships arrive safely and a pound of flesh will be taken from his body. Portia le ft her husband Bassanio and take her dowry which is worth six thousand ducats to go to Venice. She wants to buy off the Jew.When the case is heard, the Duke advises Shylock to forgive Antonio and Bassanio offers to repay him six thousand ducats, but he refuses both of their proposals. When Antonio is about to die, Portia arrives, disguising herself as a doctor of laws. At first, Portia pretends to stand by Shylock and earns Shylock’s praise. However, just when Shylock is about to cut into Antonio’s flesh, Portia stops him. She points out that Shylock must cut exactly one pound of flesh without shedding a single drop of blood. Otherwise, he will earn the wages of sin and all his possessions will be taken by the state, because he as a Jew commits the crime of murdering a citizen. Shylock realizes that he cannot succeed. So he tells the Duke that he agrees to accept the six thousandducats and tries to leave at once, but Portia doesn't let him go on the ground that he intends to attack Antonio and the intention has become a crime. Although Shylock is free from death, half of his wealth is forfeited to Antonio and half to the state. Antonio, of course, shows his generosity ,who is willing to renounce his half provided that Shylock converts to Christianity and gives his money to his daug hter Jessica and Lorenzo, the gentleman who “stole’’ his daughter. After the trail, a letter comes saying that the rest of Antonio’s freight s came back, which makes him once again wealthy. The play ends with the failure of Shylock and the happiness of three Christian couples.II. Shylock’s Dual CharactersAmong the works written by Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice is the most contradictory one. And among the figures in this comedy created by Shakespeare, Shylock is the most contradictory one. Therefore, he is always the target on which many literary critics comment. Traditionally, people define Shylock as a sheer villain, together with Abagong, Plyushkin, Eugenie Grandet, they are called the world’s four major stingy people. However, as time goes by, peo ple begin to hold different opinions. Some people even adopt a completely different attitude towards him. For example, there are writers emphasizing that Shylock is a hero who fights for his personal dignity and national dignity(Jiang Chuhua & Jiang Chubo, 2008, p. 44).Every coin, however, has two sides. Although these opinions have some rationality, they just revealed one aspect of a contradiction. It’s difficult to say the character is totally kind-hearted or vicious. This paper supports that Shylock is a many-sided figure which should be looked at from different perspectives so as to get a comprehensive understanding of the artistic image. There are two sides in Shylock’s character: on the one hand, he is a greedy, cruel and inhuman usurer, on the other hand, he is a diligent merchant, a good husband and a brave warrior fighting for his race and religion. His cruelty and inhumanity let the readers feel hatred towards him, but the insults, pains and unfair treatment imposed on him also arouse readers’ sym pathy for him. Considering the religious, economic and racial factors of that age, it can be concluded that he is not a natural born monster, but a pitiful victim of that age.2.1 The Vicious Aspects of Shylock2.1.1 Shylock as a Mean, Cruel MoneylenderShylock’s attitude towards money particularly shows his greediness. As a usurer, he always extracts the payment of the money he lent with severity. He works exclusively for profit. When Antonio asks him for money, Shylock uses a story—Jacob grazes sheep for his uncle Laban. The story shows that Shylock is not satisfied with the interest he receives from money-lending. He wants to take his wealth as ewes and hopes that they can produce money like ewes breed lambs.To his myrmidon Launcelot, Shylock requires him to work hard like a slave and does not give him enough food to eat so that he is determined to leave Shylock to work for Bassanio. What’s more, Shylock’s comment on Launcelot is very caustic. He tells his daughter that Launcelot is a huge-eater and very lazy. He seems glad that Launcelot leaves him, thus he can save some money.To his daughter Jessica, he even thinks money is more important than her. When Tubal tells him Jessica hasn’t been found, he just told Tubal “Why, there, there, there, there! A diamond gone, costs me two thousand ducats in Frankford!” (Shakespeare, 1998, p. 86). His words show that what he cares most is his costly diamond instead of his daughter’s whereabouts. Then Tubal tells him his daughter spent in Genoa, one night fourscore ducats, he replies that he wants his daughter to die in front of him at once. In his eyes, there is only money.In court, when he hears that his wealth will be forfeited, he cries that taking away his money is equal to killing him. In his eyes, money is as important as his life, or even more important than his life!Besides, Shylock is very cruel, for he is bent on getting a pound of Antonio’s flesh. His cruelty and inhumanity is intensively revealed in court. The Duke believes he will show his mercy and advices him to forgive Antonio, he refuses. Bassanio promises to repay him two times the debt, he not only doesn’t change his mind a slight but also says that even every ducat in six ducats becomes six ones, he will not accept and still requires to carry the punishment. Antonio compares Shylock’s stone-heart as “flood”, “wolf” and “the mountain pines”, which especially shows Shylock’s cruelty and callosity. Portia gives a long speech about mercy, he also doesn’t get touched. Shylock is so spiteful that he even whets his knife before Antonio.2.1.2 Shylock as a Cruel and Atrocious AvengerShylock, at the same, is a cunning and tricky character. From above analysis, we know that Shylock is a miser who puts money in the first place. However, now that he knows Antonio’s trade is not running well, why he runs the risk to lend the money. In fact, he secretly plans to grasp this golden opportunity to set a trap for Antonio. Cutting a pound of flesh is equal to killing him. To the villain, for one thing, the desire of revenge can be satisfied. for another, as long as Antonio, a stone on his rode to wealth being moved, he can run his business more smoothly. A kind of deed killing two birds with one stone!In order to take revenge for Antonio, he refuses bassanio’s offer to pay him more times money that Antonio lent, and says that“If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh. Give me my pound of flesh!In the court, he finally shows his true feeling and say s“I ask for what is mine by law! He has insulted me, laughed me, scorned my nation , cooled my friends ,and what is his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew hands, organs, sense, affections, passions? If a Jew wrongs a Christian, What is his humanity? Revenge. Now, he, a Christian wrongs me, a Jew, What should I do? Of course revenge. That is what you teach me. I will execute it and shall go hard.”(Shakespeare, Act 12).From Shylock’s different attitude towards Antonio, We can find at the beginning , Shylock has already set up a trap for Antonio and waits for the moment when he can pour out his grievances and puts on airs.2.2 The Good Aspects of Shylock2.2.1 Shylock as an Intelligent and Diligent MerchantShylock is very rich, but his wealth, which is evidence of his pro fessional success, doesn’t come easily. Although the play doesn’t give accurate account of how he achieves success, considering the Jews economic situation at that time, it’s safe to draw the conclusion that his road to wealth must be difficult.When Bass anio tell him that the bond can be signed by Antonio, he analyzes Antonio’s financial situation and raises a query on Antonio’s ability to return the money. He says that one of Antonio’s merchant ships bound for Tripolis, one for Indies, one for England an d another is at Mexico. He thinks trades on sea are risky. He must put much energy and time to gatherinformation, update them constantly so that he can know others’ various businesses so well.As a businessman, certainly he is very shrewd, but meanwhile he is trustworthy, or else Antonio would not borrow money from Shylock who he looks down upon very much instead of asking other friends or merchants for help. So it can be deuced that as a usurer, he virtually has a good reputation, even his foe borrows money from him. Without diligence and business savvy, how he can attain today’s achievement?2.2.2 Shylock as a Good Father and HusbandShylock’s wife dies early. It is him who endured a lot of hardship to bring up his daughter. He loves his daughter very much, and the evidence is as follows.First, in Act II Scene 5 he educates his daughter to pay attention to her behavior, because at home she can gormandize, snore and tear clothes, but outsides she will never be allowed to do so. It seems that she can have everything done in her way except being forbidden going out. We can conclude that Shylock dotes on his daughter at home.Second, in Act II Scene 5 when Launcelot calls Jessica’s name directly, Shylock gets angry and abuses him. Why? Let’s analyze the reas on. For one thing, Launcelot is a servant whose social status is low. It is impolite to call his master by name. He thinks this action will make Jessica’s social status be threatened. For another, Launcelot is one of the Christians who he thinks are unreliable and have bad personal security. So when he rebukes Launcelot, indeed he is protecting his daughter.Third, in Act II Scene 5, before Shylock goes to dine with Bassanio, he hands Jessica his keys, which shows that he trust his daughter. Jessica is asked by her father to lock up the door, shut the windows and not to look people on the street which seems a kind of freedom restriction. But the fact is that he doesn’t want his daughter to be influenced by the Christians. In his opinion, it’s good to his dau ghter.Finally, in Act II Scene 8, Solanio describes Shylock’s frenzy and distress when knowing that his daughter takes his money and elopes with a Christian he hates very much. Shylock utters in the street, “My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fl ied with a Christian!”(Shakespeare, 1998, p. 71). Personally, Shylock’s grief over the loss of his daughter is equaled, perhaps even surpassed by his anger at the loss of his money, for he cries out his daughter first. In spite the fact that his daughter has hurt him deeply, he tries to look for her regardless of how much money willbe spent. He scolds his daughter unrelentingly, “I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear! Would she be heard at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin!” (Shakespeare, p.86). A writer takes these words as the evidence that Shylock doesn’t care about his daughter at all and he can disown his daughter because of money (Li Qionghua, 2011, p. 60). Nevertheless, it is more reasonable to say that on surface, Shylock is cool-blooded, while in his inner heart, he loves his daughter very much. His criticizing rightly illustrates his deep love towards his daughter. As an old saying goes, love well, whip well. Shylock’s scolding can’t prove he does not love his daughter. If we weigh his words carefully, we can find that in fact he is willing to let his daughter inherit his property , he just feels betrayed by her and is angry about her eloping with a Christian.Shylock is also a good husband. When Tubal tells him that Jessica uses a ring to buy a monkey, Shylock feels sad and sorry, because the ring is the gift his dead wife gave him before their marriage. His cherishing of the ring shows that he loves his wife very much. Actually, he also has his tender aspect. Who can say Shylock is a completely cool-blooded creature? In contrast, Bassanio and Gratiano give their engagement ring to others, though they have sworn in front of Portia and Nerissa that their love towards them would never change.2.2.3 Shylock as a Righteous Representative of Jewish RaceThe first status of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice is a Jewish rich man, which at the time of Anti-Semitism, has already resulted in the insults from others. Besides, From the whole play, we can find characters call Shylock as Jew, from which we can analyze that Shylock in this play is not just a single person, but also a representative of Jewish race.In this play, Antonio looks down upon him, calls his name and spits to him in public. This is a kind of action which will hurt one’s self-esteem deeply. Even when Antonio asks Shylock for help, he still behaves brashly, saying “I am as like to call thee so again, to spe w on thee again, to spurn thee too” (Shakespeare, 1998, p. 32). Antonio is not like a help seeker at all. Even Antonio, such a gentleman, treats Shylock like this, not to mention other Christians in Venice. Secondly, Shylock’s servant Launcelot also looks down upon him and says he is not willing to attend a Jew. Even his daughter doesn’t understand him and betra ys him. Thirdly, people’s contempt towards Shylock also indicated in what they call him. For example, in court, the Duke calls Antonio’s name directly, but calls Shylock “the Jew” (Shakespeare,1998, p. 126), though he know Shylock’sname. Last but not least, the law which is supposed to be the most fair and holy authority also discriminates against the Jew. As is written in the play, Portia just defeats Shylock by the unfairness of law. According to the law of V enice, if a person who does not have the citizenship is to attempt to murder any citizen either directly or indirectly, he or she is guilty. The victim will gain half of the alien’s property, and the state will get the other half. And the alien’s life is at the Duke’s disposal. The so-called alien indeed refers to the Jew. It is obvious that the law is in favor of the Christian and against the Jew. Please attention, Shylock is a rich Jewish usurer. Thanks to his money, he gets the chance to debate with the Christians in court. How about other Jews? They are poor and are likely to suffer more and severer discriminations and ill-treatments.If it is right to say Shylock revenges for private grudge, it’s more reasonable to say he takes revenge both for himself and his nation. In ActⅠScene 3, he says in his heart that he will not let off Antonio easily, or else his nation will never have its emancipation day. In Act ⅢScene 1, when asked the usage of a pound of flesh by Salerio, Shylock replies with a passionate speech: “Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, Hurt with the same weapons, Subject to the same disease, Healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrongs a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, What should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge (Shakespeare, 1998, p. 84).”The paragraph exactly is his inner voice. He is strongly against racial discrimination and is indignant at the unfair treatment the Jews receive. We can see that he is eager for equality and national freedom.III. Causes of His Complex CharacterEvil is a factor remains latent in the human nature, which will only be brought out by a certain environmental or historical condition (Yu Fengao, 1995, p. 37). Shylock definitely is not a born monster; he is a creation of times. As is mention above, his cruelty, slyness and animosity are caused by the characteristics of that age.3.1 Religious FactorsIn this comedy, Antonio and Shylock resent each other. The reason, to a large extent, is that one believes in the Christianity and the other believes in Judaism. The conflict between the two religious generated long before. According to the Bible, the Jews were God’s chosen people, but the Jew Judas betrayed Jesus. Thus the roman church widely publicized that the Jews were spurned by God. The Christian regarded the Jews as evildoers. The Jew obeys the Old Testament. However, the Christians believe in the New Testament. Due to different beliefs, the Jews were constantly persecuted by the Christians. They were often be cruelly punished by fines, imprisonment, torture and execution. These punishments would not stop, unless they changed their beliefs and converted to the Christianity. That’s why Antonio insults Shyloc k publicly as “misbeliever, cut-throat dog” and spits on his Jewish gabardine. Surely, Shylock as a faithful Judaist can’t tolerate Antonio’s insult on him and his religion. Therefore, Shylock hates Antonio so much and becomes so vicious as to want to kill him.3.2 Economic FactorsAt that time, it’s very hard for the Jews to make a living. Economically, the Jews were refrained from running business and looking for jobs, worse still, their property often was confiscated unreasonably. European countries legally prohibited the Jews from owning estate.In the 16th century, many aristocrats did not adjusted themselves to the competitive economic situations, because of the inflation of prices and the development of trading classes. However, They still lived a lavish life, regardless of money they spent, which leaded them to fall into deep debt. Besides, Money-lending prevailed. In late Medieval Ages, commercial capital increased in very European countries, Jews again were excluded in the trade and financial sectors. Furthermore, European rulers extorted and looted Jew’s wealth by a variety of means, such as heavy taxation, regulation on employment, unreasonable fines and confiscation of property. Therefore, Jews were left with very few means of making a living. In the Christian’s view, usury was an ignominious and immoral job. So the Jews finally got a precious opportunity to make a living by engaging in such a job. And these so-called aristocrats became the prey of the mean and cruel usurers. So we can say that peopl e’s despised attitude towards Shylock is the same with their attitudes towards usurers generally.Learning this, it is not surprising that Shylock cares money so much. In that society, moneyis a Jew’s only talisman. The fact that Antonio lends others wi thout interest means cutting off Shylock’s resources of funds. Thus, Shylock wants to kill him.3.3 Political FactorsAt that time, land was regarded as a divine property and the real source of wealth. Only the aristocrat and feudal landlord were entitled to own land. Living in a Christian community, the Christians would not allow Shylock, a Jew and a religious alien to own any land (Liang Chunlan, 2013, p. 186).In that society, people’s position was mainly judged by the ownership of land. While Jews were not permitted to own any land, thus they couldn’t get any political guarantee. They cannot enter into the administrative departments nor take part in any military affairs. What’s more, Jews were regarded as evildoers and often became the target on which every European ruler transferred to human contractions.What is worse, Jews were not viewed as citizens, were considered as outsiders. All the Jews have to show their Jewish identity by wearing red hats, which distinguish them from other habitants. They can not live as they like, but have to live in the designated area. In some places, to obtain the right of living, the Jew even had to hand in head taxes (Jing Lingjie, p. 5).Based on above analysis, there is no surprise that Shylock cares so much about money. Because in that world, the Jew suffered various oppression, discrimination and persecution; only money can give them security. Money is their passport. In addition, Shylock’s conduct is also understandable. To explode in silence, or to die in it (Lu Xun, p. 134) rightly account for his action. Shylock’s revenge is just an outburst of passion after being oppressed for a long time.IV. Realistic S ignificance of Shylock’s Character4.1 Eliminating National PrejudiceBefore world war II, there were about nine million Jews living in Europe, however, after the Holocaust there were only one third of them remains living. Over one million were Jewish children, approximately two million were Jewish women and three million were Jewish men. In Germany land and the land held by German, Nazi created a network of over 40,000 facilities to concentrate, hold, and kill people who were Jewish and other victims.How horrifying the slaughter is! It is hard to image it is caused only by some people’s racial prejudice. There still exists national prejudice in some areas. We human beings should learn the。

_威尼斯商人_中夏洛克形象的多元化

文学评论《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期杰出的喜剧之一，作品成功地塑造了一系列栩栩如生、生动鲜明的人物，其中夏洛克更是一个鲜明、生动、复杂而著名的典型形象。

这个形象的塑造有着不朽的艺术魅力，揭示出深刻的道理和意义，他的塑造成功受到了马克思、恩格斯的高度赞赏。

本文拟从以下几个方面对夏洛克形象进行多元解读。

高利贷者形象夏洛克是资本原始积累时期在种族歧视和复杂的环境中形成的一个高利贷。

夏洛克生活在种族歧视、、基督教盛行的威尼斯，他所处的那个年代，是资本主义经济发展较快的中世纪，商业资产阶级和高利贷资产阶级这两个集团在威尼斯这座城市中彼此对峙着。

在这样复杂多变的矛盾中，夏洛克的处境和出身就奠定了他的思想行为的基调，决定了他性格的发展变化，衍生了他的思想意识。

夏洛克在逆流和摔打中经历了许多磨难和艰辛，从而悟出一条道理：钱是万能的，“金钱高于一切，只有高利贷是他的生命。

”他追求“像母羊生小羊一样地快快生利息”，并且引经据典为自己高利贷的盘剥行为做辩护。

然而在那个特定的历史环境下的威尼斯，有了金钱并不等于有了一切。

民族的歧视，商业资本同高利贷资本之间的冲突，使他感到了生活的不公和压抑。

所以，他千方百计地追求最大利益，又想方设法能出人头地。

现实的残酷似一方化学试剂不时地变异着他的性格，改变着他的人生观，使他的思想行为打上拼搏、抗争、盘剥的烙印。

夏洛克是莎士比亚塑造的最复杂的人物形象之一。

作为高利贷者，夏洛克的命运是喜剧性的，他在法庭上失败，受到惩罚，构成了戏剧中的喜剧情节。

高利贷者是贪婪的，同时也是奸诈狠毒的。

强烈的金钱欲已扭曲了夏洛克性格，他的残忍本性在“一磅肉”的诉讼中得以淋漓尽致的体现。

《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克是个高利贷者，那么我们怎样来理解高利贷这个词呢？在以私有制为基础的商品经济活动中，价值规律自发地调节生产资料和劳动力在社会生产各部门的分配，刺激并促进社会生产的发展。

一切商贸活动都遵从价值规律，所有价格都以价值规律为杠杆上下波动。

《威尼斯商人》中的人物形象分析

《威尼斯商人》中的人物形象分析作者：王艺臻来源：《新教育时代·教师版》2018年第07期摘要：《威尼斯商人》是英国戏剧家莎士比亚创作的一部讽刺性的喜剧。

该作品以资本主义的社会为背景，描绘了夏洛克这一类自私自利的高利贷行业者与安东尼奥这一类心胸宽广的资本主义者们之间的矛盾。

并以此为我们塑造了许多鲜明的人物形象，人物形象鲜明、饱满，给读者留下了深刻的印象。

通过对作品人物分析，能够丰富自身文化素养。

文章突破固有的人物认知，从全新的角度解读《威尼斯商人》中的人物形象，希望能够为其他同学提供更有价值的参考。

关键词：威尼斯商人人物形象《威尼斯商人》创作于十六世纪，其中优美的文字、扣人心弦的故事情节吸引广大读者，尤其是作品中的人物形象，使其能够流传至今。

加强对作品中人物形象的分析，能够进一步深入作品当中，了解作品艺术内涵。

一、夏洛克读者阅读作品，能够了解到夏洛克是一个心胸狭隘、狠毒刻薄的人物。

但是从另一个角度来看，夏洛克并非彻底的卑鄙小人。

如当其与安东尼奥定下契约时，没有预知到安东尼奥商船会遇到海难，无法按交易时间交易，如果夏洛克想要报复，这是一个非常不错的机会，但其并没有愚蠢到将报复建立在未知事情上。

可见，夏洛克并非完全意义上的卑鄙小人。

另外，很多读者认为夏洛克视财如命，夏洛克的确爱钱超过自己，且不愿意将钱拿出来帮助他人。

针对该观点，更多的是要仁者见仁智者见智，夏洛克从事高利贷行业，且年龄越来越大，无力转行。

当时社会背景下，夏洛克如果不积累一些资本，难以面对未来的未知性。

基于此，对于夏洛克人物形象的认识要保持辩证态度，避免片面性。

二、鲍西娅鲍西娅是整部作品中，作者极力歌颂的对象，也是智慧、正义的象征。

但是戏剧中的鲍西娅并不完美，作者对其人物设定具有双面性。

人们往往看到的是鲍西娅在公堂上的英勇表现，却忽略了生活中她的刻薄和缺乏涵养。

如很多人前来向鲍西娅求婚，她的侍女问她的看法，她对很多人的评价非常尖酸、刻薄，她往往看到的是他人的缺点，并将其无限放大，在道德层面上并非完美。

论《威尼斯商人》人物形象的塑造.doc

论《威尼斯商人》人物形象的塑造威廉?莎士比亚是欧洲著名的文学作家，他创作的戏剧对后代产生了深远的影响，甚至影响到整个人类文学的发展。

莎士比亚在早期创作的戏剧作品《威尼斯商人》中重点突出了人物的特点，并着重塑造了人物形象的多重性。

在这部戏剧作品中，不仅刻画了反面人物夏洛克较为复杂的人物形象，还把安东尼奥、鲍西娅等人物描写得活灵活现，并促使剧中人物在性格上都具有复杂性和多重性的共同特征。

在《威尼斯商人》中，夏洛克一直就成为评论界颇为争议的人物，但站在不同的视角来看待，可以发现无论是夏洛克还是安东尼奥，都能探知他们性格中的不同的一面。

一、《威尼斯商人》《威尼斯商人》是一部喜剧作品，莎士比亚在其中主要探知了人类古老而又永恒的话题，即金钱。

故事讲述了安东尼奥为了帮助好朋友巴萨尼奥完成婚礼，所以向夏洛克借贷了3000金币，但是夏洛克由于妒恨跟安东尼奥结下了宿仇，他想趁着这次机会向他报复，于是虚情假意地不收他的利息，并戏约如果到了规定的期限还不能还钱，那么就要割掉安东尼奥胸口上的一块肉。

但是由于安东尼奥乘坐的船出了事故，所以他没有在约定的时期内还钱，此时夏洛克就到法院起诉，要求安东尼奥践行承诺。

在法庭上，就在安东尼奥即将败诉的关键时候，假扮律师的鲍西娅利用她的机智挽救了岌岌可危的场面，安东尼奥也最终获得了重生，并导致夏洛克几乎失去了自己的所有财产。

在这部作品中，围绕着金钱为主线，并把阴谋作为故事发展的线索，及至在法庭上的申辩成为了故事的高潮阶段，其最终的结果也在欢喜的场面中结束了。

从中可以看出，莎翁笔下塑造的人物形象都十分的鲜明和生动，但细细地品味人物的性格形象可以发现，莎士比亚塑造的人物性格具有多重性的特征。

二、夏洛克性格的塑造（一）贪婪、吝啬的高利贷者对戏剧作品《威尼斯商人》创作的时代背景进行探析可以得知，对于夏洛克这一人物形象的塑造并不是单纯的非此即彼，而夏洛克之所以成为大众颇为争论的话题，主要是因为他在人物形象的塑造上拥有不朽的生命力度，并且夏洛克的形象也具有多样性的特征。

威尼斯商人赏析

问题二——你认为剧中的塑造的夏洛克是一个应受惩罚的恶人或是宗教与文化差异的牺牲品，还是二者兼有？摘要莎士比亚喜剧《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克，由于其特殊的犹太身份，自然成为莎剧中最具阅读张力、最具文化争议的角色之一。

夏洛克一直被认为是一个贪婪、吝音、奸诈、残忍的反面人物，这种结论似乎已“盖棺论定”。

本文从夏洛克的社会存在，经济地位、宗教信仰、民族地位等方面分析，得出夏洛克不只是一个反面人物，而是一个具有多重性的立体形象，他既令人憎恶，又叫人同情，还使人钦佩，既是一个应受惩罚的人也是宗教与文化差异的牺牲品。

关键词：反面人物，牺牲品，宗教，多重性毋庸置疑作为一个放债人，夏洛克有其贪婪、吝音、奸狡的一面，的确令人憎恶；但作为异教徒，他又是一个深受种族歧视和宗教压迫的牺牲品，也叫人同情。

特别是面对强大的以安东尼奥为首的基督徒阵营和公爵为首的法庭，他又表现出“威武不屈”和以理相争的骨气，更使人钦佩。

正如阿尼克斯特断言:“划分正面人物和反面人物的做法，是同莎士比亚格格不人的，对他来说，只有一种被他极为深刻而多方面地揭示出本质的人。

普希金更是直截了当地指出夏洛克形象具有多面性。

夏洛克不纯粹是一个“反面人物”，而是一个具有多重性格的立体形象。

一作为放债人，夏洛克一上场就显示出他是一个老陈精道、锱铢必较的奸商形象。

夏洛克还有他自己的一套“积财”理论。

在安东尼奥斥责他不讲义气、重利盘剥时，他立即搬出《圣经·旧约》为自己辩护，说圣亚伯兰的后裔雅各也曾以羊取利，并说:“这是致富的妙法，上帝也祝福他，只要不是偷窃，积财就是积福。

”“守财就是进财”，正是坚守这一信条，他才赶走仆人，诅咒女儿。

仆人朗斯洛特说:“我替他做事，把身体都饿瘦了，您可以用你的每一条手指来摸出我的肋骨。

”他的女儿杰西卡也抱怨说:“我们这个家是一座地狱。

”结果，仆人另找主家，女儿卷逃私奔，他自己得个众叛亲离的下场。

女儿卷逃私奔后，他竟歇斯底里地诅咒她:“我希望我的女儿死在我的脚下，那些珠宝都挂在她的耳朵上，我希望她就在我的脚下安葬，那些银钱都放在她的棺材里。

戏剧鉴赏之人物分析

不只是“一磅肉”——《威尼斯商人》之夏洛克人物分析国际经济与贸易戎红波1046417众所周知，《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚四大喜剧中一部极具讽刺意味的代表作，早在初中时就有学过节选文章。

其中，夏洛克这一人物的塑造，无疑是使这部戏剧成为一项重要文学成就的关键因素。

而当现在再回味一遍时，我才更深地体会到夏洛克这一角色的复杂以及他为什么会成为这关键因素。

任何看过这部戏剧的人，包括我自己，对于夏洛克的第一印象就是唯利是图、冷酷无情的高利贷者形象。

唯利是图的是他竟然要用一磅无用的人肉来抵债，败诉后还要索要三倍的还款。

“不，把我的生命连着财产一起拿了去了吧，我不要你们的宽恕。

你们拿掉了支撑房子的柱子，就是拆了我的房子；你们夺去了我的养家活命的根本，就是活活要了我的命。

”——一个活脱脱的视财如命的守财奴跃然纸上。

冷酷无情的是他在积聚了对安东尼奥的一切仇恨后开始狠狠的报复，立下的借据“如果到期不还就要割下安东尼奥的一磅肉”以及后来的上诉着实将他的用心险恶体现得淋漓尽致。

“所以我不能举什么理由，也不愿举什么理由，除了因为我对于安东尼奥抱着久积的仇恨和深刻的反感。

”这样的固执残忍让人无话可说。

最后，他人财两空、一败涂地的下场也是在意料之内，让人称快。

然而，如若深刻地去挖掘这部作品背后的故事，便会发现夏洛克其实并不是一个可恨的人，而是一个可悲的人。

这部作品写于十六世纪九十年代后期，当时作者所在的英国社会的各种矛盾逐渐尖锐化起来。

而犹太人更是当时欧洲政府最大的歧视和排斥。

剧中的夏洛克正是一个犹太人，而他的仇敌安东尼奥是一个资本主义的商人。

社会和时代便不幸地造就了夏洛克这一悲剧的人物。

正如他的独白所说，“难道我们犹太人没有眼睛吗？难道犹太人没有五官、四肢、没有知觉、没有感情、没有血气吗？他不是吃着同样的食物，同样的武器可以伤害他，同样的医药可以疗治他，冬天同样会冷，夏天同样会热，就象一个基督徒一样吗？……要是一个基督徒欺侮了一个犹太人，那么照着基督徒的榜样，那犹太人应该怎样表现他的宽容？报仇。

《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读

……除了因为我对于安东尼奥抱着久积的仇恨和深刻的反感，所以才会向他进行着一场对于我自己并没有好处的诉讼。

”“什么!你愿意被毒蛇咬两次吗?“”“……好多次您在交易所立骂我，说我盘剥取利，我总是忍气吞声，耸耸肩膀，没有和您争辩，忍受迫害本来是我们民族的特色……唾沫吐在我犹太长袍上……”(屈辱感源自这些词语)“只因为我用自己的钱博取几个利息……”(不这么做，我怎么生存?)啊!原来如此!只因为象一个顽皮的男孩子的对夏洛克谩骂，吐唾沫了，也许，事后，安东尼奥自己都忘了，可是夏洛夏洛克克却久久无法释怀,恨得咬牙切齿。

所以夏洛克象一个塞满火药的火药桶，擦着火星就要引爆。

细读文本，不难发现。

以安东尼奥、巴萨尼奥为首的威尼斯商人包括公爵在内，都称夏洛克为异族人、异教徒轻蔑之情溢于言表，而夏洛克也是奋起“反击”。

夏洛克：“这些便是相信基督教的丈夫!我有一个女儿，我宁愿她嫁给强盗的子孙，不愿她嫁给一个基督徒。

别再浪费光阴了;请快些宣判吧。

夏洛克：“忍受迫害本来是我们民族的特色……唾沫吐在我的犹太长袍上……只因为我用我自己的钱博取几个利息……”(我也要生存啊!)安东尼奥：“哪有朋友之间通融几个钱，也要斤斤计较的计算利息的道理……”(一磅肉又算得了什么?)安东尼奥和夏洛克牟利是方式不同的、金钱观价值观截然不同。

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浅析《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克人物形象的矛盾性作者：钟静来源：《青年文学家》2019年第18期摘; 要：《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克这一人物形象复杂矛盾的。

他既有着让人咬牙切齿的一面，也有着因为遭受不公的待遇而值得令人同情的一面。

关键词：夏洛克;可恨;可悲作者简介：钟静（1992-），女，硕士，研究方向为英美文学。

[中图分类号]：J8; [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-18--021、引言作为文学作品中的四大吝啬鬼之一的夏洛克，长期以来留在读者心中的印象是凶狠狡诈、尖酸刻薄，令人憎恶的守财奴形象。

但是如果再次细读莎士比亚的原文，不难发现夏洛克这一人物形象是具有矛盾性的。

一方面，他的凶狠，冷酷和刻薄令人厌恶。

而另一方面，他所遭受的不公正待遇又令人同情。

本文拟采用文本分析的解读方法，旨在揭示夏洛克这一人物形象的矛盾性。

2、可恨的夏洛克作为一名商人，夏洛克心胸狭隘，凶残成性;作为一名父亲，夏洛克冷血无情，蛮横专制;作为一名主人，夏洛克刁钻刻薄，一毛不拔。

2.1 凶狠的放高利贷者文学史上的四大吝啬鬼之一的夏洛克以凶狠著称。

他凶狠奸诈，借钱给安东尼奥时，假意装出一副好人模样，跟安东尼奥示好，实则是想引诱安东尼奥签下不能按期偿还借款要在安东尼奥胸前割取一磅肉的协议。

当得知安东尼奥商船海上失事，不能按期还钱时，夏洛克喜上眉梢，迫不及待地将安东尼奥告上法庭。

他铁石心肠，不管法庭上是什么人替安东尼奥求情，他都不为所动。

面对巴萨尼奥提出的额外给他六千块让他撤诉的建议，他都严词拒绝。

在法庭上扮演法官角色的法学博士鲍西娅请求夏洛克去为安东尼奥请一名医生，以免他失血死亡。

但是夏洛克以协议上未规定请医生为由，拒绝了鲍西娅的提议。

此外，夏洛克在法庭上一个劲地在自己鞋口上磨刀，迫不及待地想割取安东尼奥胸前的一磅肉。

他的急于将安东尼奥置于死地将他的凶残性表现得淋漓尽致。

2.2 冷酷的父亲作为父亲的夏洛克，他蛮横专制，残忍地去剥夺自己女儿杰西卡的终生幸福。

他独裁专制，随意干涉女儿杰西卡的人身自由。

他个人仇视基督教徒，因此也不许自己的女儿跟基督教徒有所接触。

他曾对杰西卡这样说道：“听好，杰西卡，把家里的门锁上了;听见鼓声和弯笛子的怪叫声音，不许爬到窗子上张望，也不要伸出头去，瞧那些脸上涂得花花绿绿的傻基督徒们打街道上走过”（33）[1]。

明知道杰西卡深爱着基督教徒罗兰佐，却仍然禁止他（她）们见面，阻止他（她）们相爱，最终导致这对苦命鸳鸯约定私奔。

在得知自己唯一的亲生女儿私奔以后，夏洛克的第一反应不是去关心自己女儿的安全，而是去关心自己被女儿所偷盗的财产，并恶狠狠地诅咒女儿：“我希望我的女儿死在我的脚下，那些珠宝都挂在她耳朵上;我希望她就在我脚下入土安葬，那些银钱都放在她的棺材里。

”（50）。

当得知杰西卡有一晚在热那亚花了八十块，夏洛克没有对得知女兒的行踪感到一点高兴，反而悲叹道：“你把一把刀子戳进我的心里！我再也瞧不见我的银子啦！一下子就是八十块钱！八十块钱！（50）。

由此可见，金钱在夏洛克眼里要远远大于父女之情。

2.3 刻薄的主人作为吝啬鬼的代表夏洛克，他对金钱的贪婪不仅使他忽视了亲情，而且也让他待人刻薄。

文中，夏洛克的仆人朗斯洛特这样描述在夏洛克手下干活的现状：“我替他做事情，把身体都饿了;您可以从我的肋骨摸出我的每一根手指来”（25）。

勤劳的仆人每天不分白天黑夜地做工，结果却经常饥肠辘辘，造成现在的营养不良，枯廋如柴。

但是仆人的勤劳和饱受饥饿并没有引起夏洛克丝毫的同情，他这样形容朗斯洛特：“这蠢才人倒还好，就是食量太大;做起事来，慢吞吞的像只蜗牛一般;白天睡觉的本领，比野猫还胜过几分”（33）。

仆人朗斯洛特每天吃不饱，夏洛克却称他是巨大的饭桶。

仆人每天辛勤劳动，夏洛克却称他整天睡大觉。

尖酸刻薄，冷酷无情的主人夏洛克，令人瞠目。

3、可悲的人物夏洛克夏洛克这一人物形象的矛盾性在于他既是观众痛恨的对象，也是观众同情的对象。

3.1 被社会边缘化的人作为生活在基督教社会的犹太人，夏洛克是一个被边缘化的异邦人。

他忍受着安东尼奥的嘲笑和辱骂，被自己的亲生女儿遗弃，社会对他不幸遭遇的冷漠和法官异样的眼光。

作为一名合法的犹太商人，夏洛克经常当众忍受着安东尼奥的辱骂。

正如夏洛克控诉道：“您骂我是异教徒，杀人的狗，把唾沫吐在我犹太长袍上……您把唾沫吐在我的胡子上，用您的脚踢我，好像我是您门口的一条野狗一样”（17）。

放高利贷这一行业历来都是遭人鄙视和反感的，但是夏洛克从事这一行业也是受社会所迫。

长期以来，犹太人在基督教教徒眼中，是叛徒和异教徒，长期饱受着社会反犹传统的折磨。

在社会上，犹太人不允许拥有房屋和农田等财产，也不允许从事农民等体面的职业。

因此，大量的犹太人不得不靠放高利贷来养家糊口。

夏洛克出于生存选择了这一职业，靠自己的智慧去在基督教的社会中谋得一席之地，却因职业和种族问题时常遭到安东尼奥的讥笑和歧视。

当夏洛克引用《圣经》中的典故来说明利息的合法性时，安东尼奥形容他是一个带着微笑的魔鬼在亵渎《圣经》。

在安东尼奥心里，早就给夏洛克贴上了下等人的标签。

作为一名父亲，夏洛克被自己唯一的亲生女儿所抛弃。

当朗斯洛特告诉杰西卡他想离开夏洛克这个家，杰西卡回答道：“我们这个家是一座地狱。

”（29）。

杰西卡厌恶自己的家庭，她把自己的家看成是地狱，那么可想而知，作为一家之主的父亲夏洛克在杰西卡的眼中则是魔鬼的象征。

与此同时，杰西卡痛恨自己是夏洛克的女儿，为自己是夏洛克的女儿而感到羞耻。

虽然夏洛克自私自利，视钱如命，但是这并不能说明夏洛克对自己的女儿没有感情。

对于一个鳏夫来说，将女儿养大成人并不是一件容易的事情，但是夏洛克仍然担负起自己作为父亲的责任，独自将杰西卡抚养长大。

如果夏洛克对自己的女儿没有一点感情，那么以他吝啬的性格，会早早地丢弃一个累赘的婴儿杰西卡。

此外，视钱如命的夏洛克还把储藏家里财物的钥匙给了杰西卡，这充分表明了夏洛克对杰西卡的信任，但是面对父亲的养育之恩和信任，杰西卡却选择了背叛，拿着父亲的钱财，跟父亲所痛恨的朗斯洛特私奔。

作为一名父亲的夏洛克，是失败的，也是令人同情的。

作为一名被女儿背叛的父亲和丢失财物的受害者，夏洛克没有得到社会的一点同情和怜悯，反而引来了奚落和嘲笑。

当夏洛克得知自己的女儿偷走钱财与他人私奔时，他在街上大哭，抒发自己的情绪。

他的这一行为，没有引来任何人的宽慰，却引来了他人的反感和嘲笑。

作为旁观者的萨莱尼奥这样评论道：“那条犹太狗像发疯似的，样子都变了，在街上一路乱叫”（41）。

基督教常要教徒对众生抱有同情之心和仁爱之心，但是基督教徒却对夏洛克的悲惨遭遇视而不见，把他的哀嚎当做是一种狗的嚎叫。

社会对夏洛克的冷漠，可想而知。

作为法庭上的原告，夏洛克也面临法官的异样眼光。

当鲍西娅走进法庭时，她询问公爵：“我对于这个案子的详细情形已经完全知道了。

这哪一个是那商人，哪一个是犹太人？”（75）。

鲍西娅了解了整个案子的经过，她自然知道夏洛克的作为放高利贷商人的职业。

但是从她询问公爵的话语，可以看出鲍西娅并不承认夏洛克的商人身份。

在法官鲍西娅眼里，犹太人不是社会的公民，是他者，所以才会用犹太人这一身份去指代夏洛克。

除此之外，鲍西娅称呼安东尼奥的时候，叫他商人，称呼夏洛克的时候，叫他犹太人。

这也暗示了鲍西娅对犹太人的歧视。

法律面前本应人人平等，但是夏洛克在法律的执行者面前仍然得不到平等的待遇。

3.2 法庭上的受害者本来在法律上稳操胜券的夏洛克，最终在基督教徒的法庭上，输得一无所有。

当夏洛克准备从安东尼奥胸前割去一磅肉的时候，法官鲍西娅说道，约定上没有写明你可以要安东尼奥的一滴血，如果你在割肉的时候，掉了一滴基督教徒的血，那么你所有的财产都会被充公。

同时鲍西娅也告诉夏洛克，由于他之前拒绝了其他的建议，他现在只有割肉这一处理方式。

当夏洛克提出想要撤诉时，法官告诉他如果一个外绑人被证明直接或间接地企图杀害一个公民，那么他一半的貨物将被交给受害者，另一部分将被政府没收。

这个外邦人的性命掌握在公爵手中。

由于夏洛克已经揭露了这样的企图，因此他要受到法律的惩罚。

从法庭上做出的判决中可以看出，即便夏洛克在威尼斯生活多年，他仍然被看作是外邦人，不是威尼斯公民。

夏洛克求助法律，但法律最终给他的结果是他不是威尼斯的公民，他的财产全部被没收，他个人的生死掌握在别人手中。

安东尼奥作为借款人，非但不用偿还他借夏洛克的三千块，相反还能得到夏洛克一半的财产。

而作为借款方的夏洛克，非但没有收回之前所借的三千块，反而一半的财产都被法庭收走。

同时还被迫改变自己的宗教信仰，要被迫成为一名虔诚的基督教徒，还要被迫同意将自己剩下的财产给自己的女儿和基督教徒女婿。

夏洛克才是真正的受害者，他被威尼斯的法律抢走了财产，他的女儿还有他的信仰。

4、结论凶狠，冷酷，刻薄的夏洛克令人憎恨，被社会边缘化的夏洛克令人同情。

憎恨和同情两种矛盾情感交织在读者心中，使得夏洛克这一人物形象更加立体鲜明，栩栩如生。

注释：[1]本文引用的文本内容均来源于《威尼斯商人》：汉英对照/莎士比亚著;朱生豪译.——南京：译林出版社，2013，12.参考文献：[1]任静. 《威尼斯商人中夏洛克的人物形象分析》[J]. 贵阳学院学报， 2015（1）：77-92.[2]王述文. 《论夏洛克形象的多重性》[J]. 外国文学， 1999年第三期：102-106.[3]王文娜. 《他者的史诗<威尼斯商人>的后殖民主义解读》[D]. 北京邮电大学， 2010年3月[4]余婧. 《后殖民理论解读下的<威尼斯商人>》[J]. 文教资料， 2010年4月：26-27.[5]庄新红.《为夏洛克辩护——论<威尼斯商人>中人物形象的歧义性》[J]. 济南学院学报，2003 （6）：31-34.。