语篇翻译——英译汉
语篇的翻译
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语篇的翻译
2. 主位-述位结构
汉英两种语言在主位-述位结构上的主要 差异主要表现在汉语为主题突出型 （topic-prominent）的语言，而英 语则为主语突出型（subjectprominent）的语言。
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语篇的翻译
The Gateway Arch at the edge of the Mississippi River in St. Louis is the world’s tallest monument. Eero Saarinen designed the stainless steel structure that commemorates the Westward Movement.
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语篇的翻译
2. 主位-述位结构
见富贵而生谄容者最可耻， 遇贫穷而作骄恣者贱莫甚。
He who grows sycophantic before people of wealth and position is most degrading. He who waxes haughty in front of the poor is far too despicable.
17.语篇翻译PPT精品文档32页
discover what we already were.
【续】我们也许会脱口而出地说，是“9·11”事件改变了这一切，正如我
们会脱口而出地说，英雄需要有恶棍来陪衬，善良需要有邪恶来
砥砺。但当你望着“9·11”死难者遗孀的双眼时，你难道还能侃侃
而谈“9·11”事件所引发的好处吗？不错，善恶并存也许确非巧合，
come of this. It may not be a coincidence, but
neither is it a partnership: good does not need
evil, we owe no debt to demons, and the attack
did not make us better. It was an occasion to
all that, just as it is tempting to say that every
hero needs a villain, and goodness needs evil as
its grinding stone. But try looking a widow in
the eye and talking about all the good that has
【译文】 “9·11”事 件既令人感到震惊， 也令人感到意外。震 惊的是攻击事件本身， 意外的是我们对事件 的反应。至于说这两 者哪个更为重要，人 们也许永远会争论下 去。对于当天一下子 涌现出来的可歌可泣 的事迹，我们已经谈 得不少了。
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课堂互动1： 翻译下列短文，注意逻辑关系（参考译文）
率，由于他对我们的 信心远胜于我们对自 己的信心，由于他该 勇敢时就勇敢，该鲁 莽时就鲁莽，他温情
第七章 语篇的翻译 英汉互译课件
英汉语篇在语法衔接上的具体转换方式： 1）从时体形式上分析。英语的时体作为语篇衔接的语 法手段。 They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty-five years. 他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起工作就 有35年了。 Roger has finished the thesis. Caroline arrived from New York. 罗杰完成了论文。因为卡罗琳从纽约来到了他身边。
（三）英汉语言逻辑连接的差异和翻译 逻辑连接的差异是语篇内深层次的最普遍的连 接，它是保证语篇的必备条件之一。逻辑连接也有 显性与隐性之分。显性逻辑连接指使用了and、but、 then、 for等联结语的衔接，而隐性逻辑连接则指 那些不使用联结语而靠语用、语境等实现的连接。 就英汉语比较而言，逻辑关系总的来说是英汉相通 的，即时空、因果、转折和表示相类同的推延等基 本的逻辑关系是一致的。但是英汉语的逻辑关系有 时也有差异，如英语的时空关系，汉译时常改为因 果关系，反之亦然。总的说来，由于英汉连接语的 差异和逻辑关系显性与隐性的差异，英汉翻译时， 译者应选择正确的逻辑连接词或语，或隐或显，以 使译文符合译语的表达习惯。
2）从替代关系上分析。所谓替代，指用词语代替前 文的某些词语，但不是指称性的一致关系，而只是具 有同等或类似语义。替代主要有名词替代、动词替代 和分句替代三类。替代在英汉语中都存在，且往往互 相对应。但互不对应难以照译时，需借助其它衔接或 连贯手段。如： A: I’ll have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please. B: Give me the same, please. A: 劳驾，我要一杯加糖的清咖啡。 B: 请给我也来一杯。（试比较：请给我也来同样 的。）
篇章翻译汉译英
段落的连贯性
• 汉语：“意合” ，省略连接词，不同意思通过不 同的短句表达出来 • 英语：“形合”，借助词形变化表示各种语法关 虚词（如连接词、介词） 系，逻辑性强，外形完整
从句以及独立主格
把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来
把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的简单句、复合句或复
杂句 非谓语动词（表目的、原因、伴随的动词译为不定式、 分词、名词、介词等） 把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次，编排成英语 的习惯表达
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• What’s the teacher's image? On Teacher's Day, Sept.10, a group of teenage reporters from the middle school attached to Qinghua University took a poll on the street on seventy six passersby. Eighty six of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a 14 higher level of education in China.
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• In 1953, when they learned from diplomatic sources of a third country that the United States and Britain were prepared to attack the Chinese troops in Korea with nuclear weapons, the leaders of new China, deeply concerned, decided that China must have its own atomic bombs and missiles.
英汉语篇翻译
As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. 谈到健康问题，我没什么可说，因为我没怎么生过病。 谈到健康问题 ， 我没什么可说 ， 因为我没怎么生过病 。 我 想吃就吃，想喝就喝，想睡就睡，从不为健康而做什么， 想吃就吃 ， 想喝就喝 ， 想睡就睡 ， 从不为健康而做什么 ， 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。
要克服对死亡的恐惧最好的办法至少在我看来如此就是逐渐扩大自己的兴趣范围多关心一些个人以外的事情慢慢地自我的壁垒就会一点一点消退个人的生命就渐渐地融入到整个世界中了
How to Grow Old
怎样才能活到老/ 怎样才能活到老/怎样才可以不老1
这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 作者从身体健康、心理健康、 作者从身体健康、心理健康、对死亡的态度等方面分别阐述了自己对老 年生活的看法，逻辑层次清晰，语言生动精炼。 年生活的看法，逻辑层次清晰，语言生动精炼。 全篇的结构层次： 全篇的结构层次： 段一健康问题；段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向； 段一健康问题；段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向；段四老年对个人以外 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女；段五对死亡的正确态度。 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女；段五对死亡的正确态度。 In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which at my time of life, is much more important subject.
语篇翻译(15篇 含解析)中考英语专题练习
语篇翻译（15篇含解析）中考英语专题练习一、语篇翻译阅读下面短文，将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
My Plans for the Winter Vacation1.The winter vacation is coming. I have great plans for my winter vacation. First of all, I’m going to do some sports such as playing ping-pong and running.2. 我认为它们对我的健康有好处。
Next, I’m going to read some books. In my free time,3. 我将学习怎样下围棋。
My father is good at playing chess and he can teach me.4.Then, I plan to help my parents with the housework.I will learn how to cook from my mother. Finally, I would like to travel somewhere interesting with my parents. 5. I’m sure that my winter vacation will be wonderful.1．2．3．4．5．阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Betty is a middle school student.1. 她有一些好的习惯。
She eats health y food. She drinks milk every morning. 2. She likes to eat vegetables and fruit. She doesn’t eat hamburgers or ice-cream. 3. She knows those are not healthy. She loves to do sports, too. She does sports every day.4. Baseball is her favorite sport. She also likes playing basketball.5.从周一到周五，她在放学后和朋友们打篮球。
汉翻英之语篇翻译
在此情形下，翻译研究所要解决的问题就 是如何将“信息的丢失”减少到最低程度， 换个角度讲，也就是如何做到译文语篇对 原文语篇意义、信息最大程度地传递。既 然构成语篇总体信息的各信息单元并非等 量齐观，而是存在着主、次与重心和非重 心之层次差别，英汉语篇存在如上所述的 差异，那么在语篇翻译时，译者的最重要 任务就是要保证对原文语篇中承载的主要 信息、中心信息在译文语篇中得到顺畅传 递。
受西方传统哲学“神凡二分”、“科学主 义”、“形式主义”的影响，英吉利等西方 民族在思维方式上具有一种“重理性、重分 析、重形式完备”的鲜明特征。（司显柱， 1999b）这一特征反映在英语语篇构建上， 就是谋篇布局一般总是以一个核心结构为核 心，其他结构或成份都是直接或间接地依附、 服务于这个核心结构，从而形成以核心结构 控 制 各 种 关 系 的 层 次 结 构 （ hierarchical structure）如：
东边闪电出日头，西边闪电必有雨，南边闪电 天气热，北边闪电有雷雨。（如果东边闪电则 出日头，如果西边闪电则必有雨，如果南边闪 电则天气热，如果北边闪电则有雷雨）。
If it lightens in the east, it will be sunny; if it lightens in west, it will be rainy; if it lightens in south, it will be sultry, if it lightens in the north, it will be stormy.
因此，语篇翻译的实质是着眼于整个语篇宏 观题旨的传译(tendering)。为此，译者在翻译 中往往要对原文语篇的构建模式、衔接方式 按译文语篇的构建特征作相应地调整；不仅 如此，在此过程中，遇到由于文化差异较大 而对译文读者构成“阻滞点”的语句还需做 出调整。当然，由于语言、文化间普遍共性 的存在，有些情况下，译者无须对原文语篇 的构建及其表现形式作出更动，这在同语族 内的跨语翻译如英德语之间的翻译较为常见。 在这种情形下，自上而下看，译文语篇实现 了对原文语篇信息的传译；自下而上看，两 者还常常做到了句句对应。
英语翻译基础2017(357)【试题+答案】江西师范
2017年江西师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译：英汉术语、缩略语或专有名词互译（30分）（一）英译汉（15分）1. corpus-based system【答案】基于语料库的系统2. interlingual translation【答案】语际翻译3. interactive MT【答案】交互式机器翻译4. whispered interpreting【答案】耳语传译5. transmigration【答案】轮回；转生6. aesthetic equivalence【答案】审美对等7. community interpreting【答案】社区口译8. target-oriented【答案】目标导向9. hypotaxis【答案】形合10. governance in cyberspace【答案】网络空间治理11. cutting-edge technologies【答案】尖端技术12. the era of AI【答案】人工智能时代13. VR technology【答案】虚拟现实技术14. skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论15. translation and the dissemination of knowledge【答案】翻译与知识的传播（二）汉译英（15分）1. 功能对等【答案】functional equivalence2. 忠实通顺【答案】faithfulness and3. 语义翻译【答案】semantic translation4. 视译【答案】sight translation5. 逐字翻译【答案】word-for-word translation6. 不可译性【答案】untranslatability7. 信息经济示范区【答案】Information Economy Demonstration Zone8. 本地化【答案】localization9. 中国文化“走出去”【答案】“go global” strategy of Chinese culture10. 佛经翻译【答案】sutra translation11. 归化与异化【答案】domesticating translation and foreignizing translation12. 翻译与文化多样性【答案】translation and cultural diversity13. 计算机辅助翻译【答案】computer-assisted translation14. 非文学翻译【答案】non-literary translation15. 同声传译【答案】simultaneous interpretingⅡ. 语篇翻译：英汉段落互译（120分)（一）英译汉（60分）As information technology, specially the smartphone, rapidly develops, people are overwhelmed by all sorts of information. As a result, “smartphone addicts” can be seen everywhere…during meetings, lectures and gatherings; in the worst cases, such as when driving, they can cause disasters.Well, do people need to be inundated with so much information? We should remind ourselves that information doesn’t not equate to knowledge. Scattered information and fragmented reading not only cannot form anything useful in our minds but can rather actually interfere with our thinking, resulting in so-called “information overload”. Basically, information can be transformed into knowledge only when it is processed for a certain purpose featuring with a structure. In other words, when integrated into an individual system, knowledge functions as a part of a holistic effect.In terms of biological structure and functions the sensory organs of human beings are in fact no more developed than other highly evolved creatures, and yet humans can catch more of the essence of the world, mainly due to their abstract thinking capacity and their language systems. The secret lies in systematized structures.The core of a system is the structure which determines its nature and functions. Diamond and graphite(石墨), for example, are both made solely of carbons. However, their different arrangements of carbonaceous atoms result in the hardest and softest substance in the world. The same principle applies to our perceptual and knowledge systems, where the same amount of information may cause different effects. In a way, we may say “Knowledge is power”—But information is not.So-called “prediction” or “knowing the rest by analogy” is generated essentially by systematic analysis. Taking chemistry as an example, some gaps in the Periodic Table discovered by the Russian Chemist Mendeleyev predicted several new chemical elements; three of which were found by other chemists fifteen years later. Similarly, the theoretical physicist Diac revealed that there were no electronic “bubbles” in a vacuum dur ing his research into the nature of electrons, and then predicted that something called a “positron”(正子) might exist. In physics, many basic particles are found by way of repeated experiments based on symmetrical theory, thus bridging the gap between the subjective and objective worlds. In searching one of the greatest mysteries in modem astrophysics—dark matter—the same law applies.The transformation of “information” into “knowledge” requires ability. Information can be beneficial to our mental developmen t only if it has been effectively screened, categorized and stored. Blindly “receiving” information, on the other hand, will put us in a passive position where creativity can hardly be initiated.To be precise, a human’s intelligence therefore, doesn’t dep end on how much information he or she has been exposed to, rather, it is the ability to process information into personal constructive knowledge that counts.【参考译文】随着信息技术，特别是智能手机的飞速发展，人们被各种各样的信息淹没了。
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• The study also showed people with healthier habits such as frequent exercise and good diet are most motivated at work, ranking 8.9 on a 10point scale, and most useful on the job, scoring 9 on a 10-point scale. • 难题及思路 • 1、经讨论， ranking 8.9 on a 10-point scale 译为 “在10分制的评分上可以的8.9分”。 • 2、根据对整句话的理解，useful 在此意思是“效率高 的”。 • 译文：研究还表明，那些勤于锻炼、饮食均衡，生活习 惯良好的人在工作上最上进，在10分制的评分上可以的 8.9分；他们工作也最有效率，在类似的评分上可高达9
译文：根据新公布的调查结果，将近1/5的美国上班族身体非常健 康，尽管他们体重超标、嗜烟、酗酒 或从不锻炼。
• In the nationwide study of 1,450 employed adults released by Oxford Health Plans Inc., 17 percent described their health as excellent but displayed not-so-excellent habits. • 难题及思路 • 1、employed adults 根据全文之意译为“在职成人”。 • 2、经查证，Oxford Health Plans Inc.意为“牛津健 康计划公司” • 3、release 有发布（专辑等），公布，宣布之意。 译文：牛津健康计划公司公布了一项关于1450位在 职成人的全国性调查，其中17%的人堪称其身体很棒， 却也表现出了不良生活习惯。
• 译文:那些生活习惯最佳的人极少因工作而失眠，或错 过一些个人或家庭活动。在那些生活习惯最糟糕的人中， 成天呆在桌子旁的人占37%，马不停蹄工作的人占41%， 最易失眠的人占18%。
初译稿
根据新公布的调查结果，将近1/5的美国上班族身体非 常健康，尽管他们体重超标、嗜烟、酗酒 或从不锻炼。牛 津健康计划公司公布了一项关于1450位在职成人的全国性调 查，其中17%的人堪称其身体很棒，却也表现出了不良生活 习惯。在这些人中，55%的人说他们至少超重11公斤，31%的 人吸烟，21%的人每天至少和3杯白酒，29%的人起码喝4杯咖 啡或茶，还有36%的人从不锻炼。此外，有1/4的人说自己青 睐油炸食品以及一些含盐、糖量高的小吃。 研究还表明，那些勤于锻炼、饮食均衡，生活习惯良好 的人在工作上最上进，在10分制的评分上可以的8.9分；他 们工作也最有效率，在类似的评分上可高达9分。那些生活习
惯最佳的人极少因工作而失眠，或错过一些个人或家庭活动。在 那些生活习惯最糟糕的人中，成天呆在桌子旁的人占37%，马不 停蹄工作的人占41%，最易失眠的人占18%。
谢谢观赏
• Those with the healthiest habits were the least likely to lose sleep over their jobs and least likely to miss personal or family activities due to work. Of those workers with the most bad habits, 37 percent said they spercent took no breaks at work and 18 percent were most likely to lose sleep. • 难题及思路 • Lose sleep 失眠，辗转反侧
• Of those people, 55 percent said they were at least 25 pounds (11 kg) overweight, 31 percent smoked, 21 percent drank at least three glasses of alcohol a day, 29 percent drank at least four cups of coffee or tea, and 36 percent never exercised, it said. In addition, a quarter of them said they were likely to eat fried foods and salty or sugary snacks.
语篇作业5
English-Chinese Class 111 Group 8 组员：苏变变 杨丽霞 郑婷婷 白雪琴 张美慧 主讲人：苏变变
Nearly one in the five U.S. workers claims to be in excellent health despite being overweight, smoking, drinking too much or never exercising, according to a newly published survey. 难点及思路 1、在组织句子方面 2、 claim 与 according to „ 表达的是同一个意思，因此可采 用合译法 3、根据对全文的把握，worker 在此译为“上班族”。