06. Lecture 6. Early Buddhist art in China
Buddho-Daoist
佛道交涉專題教學計畫指導老師謝世維一、教學目標：本課程以佛道教交涉之經典文獻為教材，從各種宗教文獻之中去探討佛教道教之術語、概念、教義、宇宙觀、救贖論等之借用與轉化，從而研究佛教語彙如何呈現與運用於道教經典中，以及佛教又如何借用與詮釋道教語彙。
本課程以經典文本閱讀為基礎，並輔以近年國際學界之研究成果，訓練使學生了解當代有關佛道交涉問題之研究概況，並針對研究現況作討論。
本課程同時強調研究工具之運用，包括各種工具書、資料庫、數位經典之操作與使用，期使學生能善用各種資源作研究。
二、授課方式：本課程係以講授教學與研討並用的方式，老師與學生皆須作課前準備，閱讀指定教材與指定經典，至課中由一同學對教材作心得報告並進行討論。
此外，學期末須繳交研究報告一份。
三、成績考核：平時報告與討論50%、主題報告50%。
四、課程大綱：第一週2/23課程介紹第二週3/2佛道相遇Isabelle Robinet, “Notes préliminaires sur quelques antinomies fondamentales entre le bouddhismeet le taoïsme.”Lionel lo Lanciotti, ed., Incontro direligioni in Asia tra il Ⅲ e il Ⅹ secolo d. C. Firenze, Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1984, p.217-42. 萬毅譯、呂鵬志校訂，〈佛道基本矛盾初探〉，《法國漢學（宗教史專號）》第七輯，北京：中華書局，2002年，頁168-187。
Robert Campany, “On the Very Idea of Religions: in the Modern West and in Early Medieval China” History of Religions 42, no.4(2003):215-253.Robert Sharf, Coming to Terms with Chinese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2002, pp.1-30.第三週3/9宗教語彙《胡漢譯經音義同異記》Erik Zürcher, “Late Han Vernacular Elements in the Earliest Buddhist Translations.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 12.3 (1979): 177-203.———“Han Buddhism and the Western Region.” In Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewé on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday, edited by W. L. Idema and E. Zürcher, Leiden: E. J.Brill, 1990: 158-182.———“Perspectives in the Study of Chinese Buddhism.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1982): 161-176.———“A New Look at the Earliest Chinese Buddhist Texts,” i n Koichi Shinohara and Gregory Schopen eds., From Benares to Beijing: Essay on Buddhism and Chinese Religion in Honour of Prof. Jan Yun-hua. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1991: 277-304.Robert Campany, “Buddhist Revelation and Taoist Translation in Medi eval China,” Taoist Resources 4.1 (1993): 1-28.第四週3/16影響與借用《度人經》Erik Zürcher, “Buddhist Influence on Early Taoism.” T’oung Pao, vol. LXVI, 1980, pp.84-147.Stephen R. Bokenkamp, “Sources of the Ling-pao Scriptures,” in Michel Strickmann, ed., T antric and Taoist Studies in Honor of R.A. Stein.Bruxelles: Instute Belge des Hautes Etudes Chinoises, vol. 2, 1983, pp.434-486.Robert Campany, “Making Scenes: Disciplines of Visualization in Early Medieval China,”發表於「中國文人生活之道與藝：自我技術之探討」研討會，台北：中央研究院中國文哲所，2007。
敦煌莫高窟的英语表达作文
敦煌莫高窟的英语表达作文The Mogao Grottoes, also known as the Dunhuang Caves, are a remarkable collection of Buddhist cave temples located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China. These caves are renowned for their exquisite Buddhist art and are considered one of the most important cultural heritagesites in the world. In this essay, we will delve into the significance and beauty of the Mogao Grottoes.First and foremost, the Mogao Grottoes are renowned for their rich Buddhist art spanning over a millennium. Carved into the cliffs along the ancient Silk Road, these caves house a vast collection of murals, sculptures, and manuscripts that reflect the artistic and religious aspirations of successive dynasties. The artwork within the caves depicts various aspects of Buddhist doctrine, stories of Buddha's life, celestial beings, and scenes from everyday life during different historical periods.The significance of the Mogao Grottoes extends beyondtheir artistic beauty. They serve as a testament to the cultural exchange and religious diffusion along the Silk Road. As a major trade route connecting East and West, Dunhuang was a melting pot of different cultures, religions, and artistic styles. The art within the caves reflects this diversity, incorporating elements from Indian, Central Asian, and Chinese traditions. Thus, the Mogao Grottoes not only represent the development of Buddhist art in China but also highlight the intercultural dialogue that flourished along the Silk Road.Furthermore, the Mogao Grottoes played a crucial rolein the preservation of Buddhist scriptures and artworks. In the early 20th century, a treasure trove of ancient manuscripts was discovered within one of the caves, now famously known as the Library Cave. These manuscripts, written in various languages including Chinese, Tibetan, Sanskrit, and Old Uighur, provide invaluable insights into the religious, cultural, and linguistic history of the region. The discovery of the Library Cave was a watershed moment in the study of Buddhism and Central Asian history, shedding light on a forgotten chapter of the past.In addition to their historical and cultural significance, the Mogao Grottoes also serve as a symbol of resilience and preservation. Over the centuries, thesecaves have weathered natural disasters, wars, and human encroachment. Yet, through concerted conservation efforts, including stabilizing the caves, controlling humidity, and restoring damaged artworks, the cultural heritage of the Mogao Grottoes has been safeguarded for future generations. The ongoing conservation work not only ensures the physical integrity of the caves but also fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of their cultural heritage.In conclusion, the Mogao Grottoes stand as a testamentto the enduring legacy of Buddhist art and culture in China. Their exquisite murals, sculptures, and manuscripts bear witness to a rich tapestry of religious devotion, artistic expression, and cultural exchange that spanned centuries.As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Mogao Grottoescontinue to inspire awe and wonder, inviting visitors from around the world to marvel at their beauty and significance.。
高速铁路旅游英语 第七章 包(银)海通道
目 录
03
Chongqing重庆
Haikou 海口
04
Chapter 7 Baotou（Yinchuan）- Hainan Passage包（银）海通道
包（银）海通道从内蒙古包头、宁夏银川南下，穿越黄土高原，经由重庆、贵阳、南宁等地到达大陆最南端的雷州半岛，同时还包括海南环岛高速铁路。该通道路线为：包头--延安--西安--重庆--贵阳--南宁--湛江--海口（三亚）高速铁路，包括银川--西安以及海南环岛高速铁路。该通道贯通呼包鄂、宁夏沿黄、关中平原、成渝、黔中、北部湾等城市群。如图7-1 包（银）海通道走向图所示。
Tourist Attractions 旅游景点
Bell Tower & Drum Tower 钟楼、鼓楼（Fig.7-6, 7-7）Xi'an Bell Tower and Drum Tower are ancient buildings that embody the Chinese national architectural style of the Ming Dynasty. The Bell Tower was established in the 17th year of Ming Hongwu (AD 1384), it was moved to the current site in the tenth year of Wanli Ming Dynasty (AD 1582). In the old days, a big clock hung upstairs for alarm and time, hence the name "Bell Tower". And it is a magnificent building with strong Chinese national characteristics. It is also the largest and most well-preserved bell tower in our country.The Drum Tower is the largest Drum Tower in China. Drum Tower was built in the thirteenth year of Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. There was a giant drum on the upper floor. It is facing the Bell Tower to the east, and is also one of the landmarks of Xi'an.
敦煌莫高窟英语ppt课件
Significance
Located in the Gobi Desert in northwestern China, the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang are a cluster of over 500 caves and temples.
The site is situated on the Silk Road, a key trade route connecting China with Central Asia and Europe.
In the development of murals, different regions and cultures have created their unique styles and techniques.
The murals of the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang are one of the most representative and valuable cultural relics in China, which have a history of more than 1,000 years.
In addition, the murals also use a variety of materials, including gold, silver, lapis lazuli, malachite, ivory, and other precious materials, to create a luxurious and exquisite artistic effect.
The murals are painted with a variety of techniques, including painting, carving, and stucco, and are very realistic and vivid in expression.
邀请老师参加举行保护莫高窟讲坐英语作文
邀请老师参加举行保护莫高窟讲坐英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Dear Teachers,My name is Lily and I'm a fifth grader at Sunshine Elementary School. I'm writing to you today about something really important that I think you should know about. It's called the Mogao Grottoes and it's this amazing place with hundreds of cave temples covered in beautiful paintings and sculptures. But it's in danger and needs our help!The Mogao Grottoes are located in the desert in northwest China, near the city of Dunhuang. They were built over a period of 1,000 years, starting way back in 366 AD! Can you believe people were carving caves and painting those incredible murals that long ago? The grottoes contain the most important examples of Buddhist artwork spanning from the 4th to the 14th century. There are 735 caves in total, with almost 500,000 square feet of murals and more than 2,000 painted sculptures. It's considered one of the most famous Buddhist sites in the entire world.When I first learned about the Mogao Grottoes in school, I was completely amazed. The pictures of the grottoes we saw in class were so colorful and intricate. Each mural tells a story from Buddhist teachings and principles. The artists who created them were true masters - their skills must have been incredible to be able to paint such detailed scenes on the curving cave walls using just mineral pigments. Looking at the murals, you can see scenes of Buddha's life, bodhisattvas floating amongst clouds, divine musicians playing for celestial audiences, and much more. The sculptures are just as impressive, with serene Buddha figures carved from the desert rock.But as amazing as the Mogao Grottoes are, they're also in serious trouble. Over the centuries, many of the caves and artworks have been damaged by things like water erosion, smoke from burning lamps, graffiti, and theft. At one point, over 460 grottoes were completely buried under sandy dunes until they were uncovered in the early 1900s. Even today with protection efforts, the grottoes face threats from the dry desert climate, seeping moisture, and the huge numbers of tourists who visit every year. Over one million people come to see the Mogao Grottoes annually, and all those visitors make it harder to preserve the fragile caves and paintings.When I realized how much danger the Mogao Grottoes were in, I felt really sad. These incredible Buddhist masterpieces from over 1,500 years ago are irreplaceable parts of history and human achievement. If they're lost or too damaged, we'll never be able to recreate them or appreciate the remarkable talents of the ancient artists. That's why it's so important that we do everything we can to protect and preserve the Mogao Grottoes for future generations.So here's where you come in, teachers! Our school is organizing a special lecture and fundraiser about protecting the Mogao Grottoes, and we really want you all to attend. A renowned expert on the grottoes, Dr. Zhang Wei, is coming to give a presentation about the history, artwork, and conservation efforts at the site. She'll share photos and videos that let us experience the magic of the caves up close. Dr. Zhang will also talk about how we can all do our part through supporting organizations like the Dunhuang Academy that are working hard to preserve this Chinese cultural treasure.The lecture will be held next Friday evening, May 15th, at 6 PM in the school auditorium. Afterwards, there will be a bake sale with proceeds going to support the Dunhuang Academy's conservation work. Our class has been working super hard tobake loads of yummy treats like cookies, cupcakes, brownies, and more. We'll also have beverages and little notebooks and keychains featuring photos of the Mogao Grottoes murals to purchase. Every little bit of money we raise will go towards things like developing better climate control systems for the grottoes, training staff on preservation techniques, and encouraging research into protecting the site.Teachers, I really hope you'll come to the lecture to learn more about this incredible place! The Mogao Grottoes are such an important part of China's culture and history. Protecting them isn't just about saving pretty pictures, but ensuring future kids like me get the chance to be inspired by the incredible achievements of human creativity and spirituality from so long ago. Just imagining how those artists spent years carving out the caves by hand and painting every inch with such care ismind-blowing to me. Places like the Mogao Grottoes remind us that even thousands of years later, we're all connected by our hopes, beliefs, and desire to create something meaningful and beautiful.So let's come together to keep the Mogao Grottoes safe! Mark your calendars for the lecture on May 15th. By supporting efforts to preserve this amazing site, we're not just saving rocksand paintings - we're protecting a piece of the human story that expresses the best of what we're all capable of as people. I'll see you there!Thank you,Lily篇2Dear Mrs. Smith,My name is Tommy, and I'm a student in the 5th grade at Riverside Elementary School. I'm writing to you today because our class is organizing a special event, and we would be honored if you could be the guest speaker!You see, we just finished learning about the Mogao Grottoes in our history and culture class. The Mogao Grottoes are this amazing place in China with hundreds of cave temples carved into a cliff face. They have beautiful murals painted on the walls and ceilings that are over 1,500 years old! Our teacher showed us pictures, and I was totally blown away.These grottoes are located along the ancient Silk Road trade route in the desert region of Gansu Province. Starting way back in 366 AD, Buddhist monks began carving out caves in thesandstone cliffs to serve as shrines and living quarters. Over the next thousand years, more and more caves were added, eventually totaling 492 caves! They are filled with incredibly detailed and colorful frescoes depicting Buddhist teachings, legends, and even scenes of daily life from those times.What makes the Mogao Grottoes so special is that they represent the entire history of Buddhist art over a millennium. The earliest caves show influence from ancient Indian and Persian styles. Then as Buddhism spread eastward, you can see Chinese artistic styles start to blend in. In the later caves, there are clear elements of Chinese imperial art, calligraphy, and architecture. It's like a living museum showcasing thecross-cultural exchange that happened along the Silk Road over hundreds of years. Mind-blowing, right?However, the Mogao Grottoes are also extremely fragile. The desert climate, tourists, and even breathing can damage the ancient murals. That's why it's so important that we work to protect and preserve this priceless world heritage site for future generations.Our class has been learning all about the Mogao Grottoes and the efforts to conserve them. We've studied the different sandstone carving techniques, pigment materials used for themurals, and environmental monitoring systems installed to control humidity and air flow. It has been fascinating!For our special event, we want to invite an expert guest speaker to share more insights into the Mogao Grottoes and why their preservation is so critically important. That's where you come in, Mrs. Smith!You are such an amazing teacher who makes every subject come alive. We know you have a deep passion for history, art, and cultural heritage conservation from your travels in Asia. You even worked on an archaeological dig in Xi'an one summer! We can't think of a better person to give an engaging presentation on the Mogao Grottoes to our class and families.In your lecture, we hope you can provide more vivid details on the stunning artwork, ancient construction techniques, and spiritual significance of the cave temples. We're also really curious to learn about the latest efforts by scientists, historians, and cultural experts to monitor and protect the grottoes from deterioration. And maybe you can even share some inspirational stories about the people dedicated to this important work!We're keeping this a surprise for now, but we plan to invite parents and even other classes to attend your guest lecture. Wewant to spread awareness about the Mogao Grottoes and get as many people excited about cultural preservation as we are!Having an opportunity to learn from a respected expert like you would be incredible. Your passion for history and world cultures always shines through and gets us just as enthusiastic to learn more. We're certain your presentation would make the Mogao Grottoes come to life and show everyone why this 1,500 year old treasure is so worth fighting to protect.Please say you'll join us, Mrs. Smith! We would be so grateful and honored. This is a chance to inspire the next generation to be guardians of our shared heritage.Thank you for your consideration. We'll be waiting eagerly for your response!Sincerely,Tommy and the 5th Grade ClassRiverside Elementary School篇3Dear Teachers,My name is Lily and I am a student in the 5th grade at Sunshine Elementary School. I am writing to you today to inviteyou to a very special event that our school is organizing - a lecture on protecting the Mogao Grottoes!You might be wondering, what are the Mogao Grottoes? Well, let me tell you all about this amazing place!The Mogao Grottoes, also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, are a series of incredible Buddhist cave temples located along the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province, China. These caves were dug out by Buddhist monks as places of worship and meditation over a period of almost 1,000 years, from the 4th to the 14th century.Inside these caves, you will find the most breathtaking examples of ancient Chinese art and culture. The walls and ceilings are covered in beautiful murals, painted in rich colors and depicting scenes from Buddhist scriptures and teachings. Statues of Buddha and other Buddhist figures carved from wood or molded from clay stand serenely within the caves. Some of these artworks are over 1,500 years old!In total, there are 735 caves at the Mogao Grottoes site, making it one of the largest collections of ancient Buddhist artwork in the world. Can you imagine how much history and culture is contained within those cave walls? It truly is a priceless treasure.Unfortunately, these amazing grottoes face many threats that could cause damage or destruction to the ancient artworks inside. Things like sandstorms, humidity, and even tourists visiting the caves can all contribute to the deterioration of the murals and statues over time.That's why it's so important that we learn how to protect and preserve the Mogao Grottoes for future generations to enjoy and appreciate. By understanding the delicate environment and taking proper precautions, we can ensure that this cultural heritage site remains intact for centuries to come.Our school has invited a very special guest, Dr. Wang Xiaolian, to give a lecture on the Mogao Grottoes and share her expertise on conservation efforts. Dr. Wang is a leading expert on ancient Chinese art and has been working to safeguard the Mogao Grottoes for many years.During her presentation, she will teach us about the history and significance of the Mogao Grottoes. She'll explain the various techniques used by archaeologists and conservationists to carefully study, maintain, and restore the caves and artworks. We'll even get to see actual photographs and videos from inside the grottoes!I'm sure you're just as excited as I am to learn more about this amazing place. Protecting cultural heritage sites like the Mogao Grottoes is so important for keeping our history alive and appreciated for years to come. By attending this lecture, you can gain a deeper understanding of why these grottoes matter and what we can all do to be better stewards of such precious antiquities.The lecture will take place next Thursday, May 18th, from 2:00 to 3:30 PM in the school auditorium. Admission is free for all teachers, staff, and their families. I really hope you can join us for this wonderful educational opportunity.Just imagine - you'll be one of the few people learning directly from an expert about one of the most significant archaeological sites in the world! How cool is that? You can then take what you've learned and share it with your classes, inspiring the next generation to develop an appreciation for ancient cultures and the importance of preserving our heritage.I know I'm just a kid, but even I can understand how amazing and special the Mogao Grottoes are. That's why I'm pleading with all of you to please attend this lecture and learn as much as you can. This kind of knowledge is what helps create a society that values its roots and history.Let's work together to ensure that incredible historical sites like the Mogao Grottoes still exist hundreds of years from now, just as they have for over a millennium. Our ancestors did the hard work of creating these amazing artworks - now it's our turn to protect them.I'll be there in the front row, listening eagerly and soaking up all the fascinating facts about these ancient Buddhist cave temples. Learning about other cultures and heritages makes the world feel bigger and more wondrous to me. I hope it sparks that same sense of curiosity and amazement in you too.Please mark your calendars and join me and the rest of the Sunshine Elementary community for this special lecture on the Mogao Grottoes next Thursday. It's an opportunity we're lucky to have, and who knows when we might get another chance to learn from such a renowned expert?Let's show our gratitude and respect for humanity's histories by protecting places like the Mogao Grottoes. I'm counting on all of you to be there!Sincerely,Lily (Grade 5)。
麦积山石窟英语作文
麦积山石窟英语作文The Maijishan Grottoes: A Hidden Gem of Chinese Buddhist Art。
Located in Tianshui, Gansu Province, China, the Maijishan Grottoes are a remarkable testament to the rich cultural heritage of the country. Carved into the sheer cliffs of the Maijishan Mountain, these grottoes house an impressive collection of Buddhist sculptures and murals, spanning over a thousand years of history. Let us delve into the captivating world of the Maijishan Grottoes and explore the artistic and historical significance they hold.1. Historical Background。
The construction of the Maijishan Grottoes can be traced back to the late Qin Dynasty (384-417 AD), during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534 AD). Over the centuries, the grottoes underwent numerous expansions and renovations, resulting in a complex of 194 caves, with more than 7,200 sculptures and 1,000 square meters of murals. This vast collection showcases the evolution of Buddhist art in China, making it a crucial site for art historians and enthusiasts.2. Architectural Marvels。
洛阳龙门石窟英文介绍
洛阳龙门石窟英文介绍The Longmen Grottoes, also known as the Longmen Caves, are a series of caves and rock carvings located in Luoyang, Henan Province, China. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most famous and important Buddhist sites in China, dating back to the Northern Wei Dynasty in the late 5th century. The grottoes are situated on both sides of the Yi River, with over 2,300 caves and niches, more than100,000 Buddhist statues, and 2,800 inscriptions.The Longmen Grottoes are a masterpiece of Chinese Buddhist art and architecture, showcasing the cultural and religious significance of Buddhism in China. The caves and niches are adorned with intricate carvings of Buddha statues, bodhisattvas, and other Buddhist deities, reflecting the artistic styles of different dynasties over several centuries. The grottoes serve as a visual record of the development of Buddhist art in China, from the early Northern Wei period to the later Tang Dynasty.The main attractions at Longmen Grottoes include the Fengxian Temple, which houses a giant statue of Vairocana Buddha, and the Wanfo Cave, known for its thousands of small Buddha statues. The site also features the famous "Guyang Cave," where visitors can see the exquisite carvings of the Buddha's disciples and attendants. Each cave and niche at Longmen Grottoes has its own unique charm and historical significance, making it a treasure trove of Buddhist art and culture.In addition to its artistic and cultural value, the Longmen Grottoes also hold historical significance as a reflection of the political and religious changes that took place in China over the centuries. The grottoes were sponsored by emperors, imperial families, and wealthy patrons, who sought to demonstrate their devotion to Buddhism and secure their place in the afterlife. The inscriptions found at Longmen Grottoes provide valuable insights into the religious beliefs, social customs, and political events of the time.Visiting the Longmen Grottoes is a must for anyoneinterested in Chinese history, art, and culture. The site is easily accessible from Luoyang city, with guided tours available for visitors who want to learn more about the significance of each cave and statue. The grottoes are best explored on foot, allowing visitors to appreciate the intricate details of the carvings and the serene beauty of the surrounding landscape. Overall, the Longmen Grottoes are a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in China and a reminder of the country's rich cultural heritage.。
游龙门石窟英文作文
游龙门石窟英文作文The Longmen Grottoes, also known as Dragon's Gate Grottoes, are a series of caves and rock carvings located on the banks of the Yi River in Luoyang, Henan Province, China. These grottoes are one of the finest examples of Buddhist art in China and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The Longmen Grottoes were first excavated in the late 5th century during the Northern Wei Dynasty and continued to be expanded and maintained by subsequent dynasties such as the Tang Dynasty. There are over 2,300 caves and niches, more than 100,000 Buddhist statues, and 2,800 inscriptions carved on the walls of the caves, making it one of the most extensive andwell-preserved collections of Buddhist art in the world.The most famous grottoes at Longmen are the Fengxian Temple and the Guyang Cave. The Fengxian Temple, which was built during the Tang Dynasty, is home to a 17-meter tall statue of Vairocana Buddha, one of the largest Buddha statues in China. The Guyang Cave, also from the Tang Dynasty, features a13-meter tall statue of Amitabha Buddha.The Longmen Grottoes are not only a testament to the artistic and religious achievements of ancient China but also areflection of the history and culture of the region. The inscriptions carved on the walls provide valuable information about the history of Buddhism in China, as well as the daily lives of the people who lived in the area.Visitors to the Longmen Grottoes can explore the various caves and niches, marvel at the intricate carvings and statues, and learn about the rich history of the site. The grottoes are surrounded by lush greenery and offer stunning views of the Yi River, making it a peaceful and picturesque destination for tourists.In conclusion, the Longmen Grottoes are a must-visit for anyone interested in Chinese history, art, or Buddhism. The site is a treasure trove of ancient artifacts and a testament to the creativity and skill of the artisans who created them. A visit to the Longmen Grottoes is sure to leave a lasting impression on anyone who experiences its beauty and grandeur.。
中国文化与外国文化的交流英文作文
中国文化与外国文化的交流英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Sharing of Cultures Around the WorldMy name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. I love learning about different cultures from around the world. It's so interesting to see how people in other countries live their lives and celebrate their traditions. China has such a rich culture with a long, fascinating history. At the same time, I've learned that we've exchanged many cool things with other cultures too!One of the biggest exchanges between Chinese and foreign cultures has been foods and recipes. Today, Chinese food is popular all over the globe. You can find Chinese restaurants in almost every city. My favorite dishes are kung pao chicken, dumplings, and hot and sour soup. But did you know that some of these yummy foods weren't originally Chinese?For example, hot and sour soup is thought to have been inspired by foods from the Middle East and Eastern Europe that made their way to China along the Silk Road trade routes. Merchants traveling across Asia shared their recipes andingredients. That's probably where the use of vinegar and certain spices like black pepper in the soup came from. Isn't that cool?Another tasty example is fortune cookies. While they are served in many Chinese restaurants, fortune cookies actually started in Japan or among Japanese immigrants in California. The traded the idea with Chinese communities and it became a thing. Now you can't have Chinese takeout without getting a crunchy fortune cookie at the end!It's not just food, though. China has shared lots of inventions and ideas with the world that have spread to other cultures. Printing using wooden blocks was first developed in China, and then Europeans like Gutenberg built upon that technology to create modern printing presses. The first kites and compasses also originated in ancient China before being shared globally.On the flip side, many important things came to China from other places too. The Buddhist religion arrived from India and then became very popular in China. Buddhist temples, art, and philosophies blended with existing Chinese traditions. You can see the Indian influences in statues of Buddha and other sculptures.Chinese clothing fashions have traded influences with other cultures across Asia too. The qipao or cheongsam dress wasinspired by styles from Manchuria. But it became a famous iconic look associated with China. Same with accessories like jade jewelry and hair ornaments that have connections to other Asian regions.Sports have crossed cultures throughout history as well. Many scholars believe that forms of soccer were being played in China as early as the 3rd century BC. But the modern game with rules was developed in England before spreading worldwide, including becoming a beloved sport in China. Gymnastics also has roots in ancient Chinese calisthenics before evolving into the Olympic sport we know today.I think one of the most interesting examples of cultural exchange between China and other parts of the world is language. Obviously, Chinese languages like Mandarin use completely different writing systems than English and other alphabetic scripts. But do you know where the word "tea" comes from? It was borrowed into English and other European languages from Chinese dialects!On the other hand, lots of English words made their way into Chinese too. Like "sofa", which comes from the English word but is used the same in Chinese. Or "shabby" from English, which became a term in Chinese meaning someone who dresses toocasually or sloppy. So many words have been traded between our languages over time.I could go on and on because there are so many awesome examples throughout history of cultures sharing with each other. Food, inventions, clothing styles, games, words, and more have all been swapped between China and foreign cultures. In my opinion, that's what makes the world such an interesting place! We can learn from each other and blend traditions in creative ways.My parents always encourage me to keep an open mind and be curious about how people in other countries live. They say that experiencing different cultures helps us understand and appreciate one another better across the globe. I totally agree! I've learned so much already and I can't wait to keep discovering the cool ways Chinese culture has combined with others over the centuries. It's the best way we can all connect.篇2The Meeting of Cultures Around the WorldHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about how different cultures from China andother countries have learned from each other over a very long time. It's a super interesting topic!Let me start by explaining what culture means. Culture includes things like the food people eat, the holidays they celebrate, the clothes they wear, the stories and legends they tell, and the traditions that get passed down from grandparents to parents to kids. Every group of people in the world has their own unique culture.China is a country with one of the oldest continuous cultures in the world. It has existed for thousands and thousands of years! Many incredible inventions and ideas were created in ancient China, like paper, printing, the compass, gunpowder, and fireworks. Crazy, right?But China's culture didn't just stay isolated from the rest of the world. Over the centuries, there was a lot of exchange and sharing of knowledge, goods, and traditions between China and other great civilizations like ancient India, Persia, Greece, Rome, and many more.One famous example is the Silk Road, which was a massive network of trade routes connecting China to the Middle East and Europe during ancient times. Not only was silk cloth traded along these routes, but ideas, inventions, religions and moretraveled back and forth too! Things like Buddhism spread from India to China, while China's Four Great Inventions of the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing eventually made their way west.Isn't that wild? People were learning from each other's cultures over 1,000 years ago! Chinese people got exposed to new foods, arts, philosophies and technologies from other lands. And people in distant countries got to experience amazing Chinese innovations. Everyone was enriching each other's cultures through these exchanges.Later on, after Europeans established more connections with China and Asia in the 1500s and 1600s, even more traditions and goods were shared between East and West. China exported incredible products like silk, porcelain, lacquerware and tea. And China was influenced by Western cultures too - Christianity spread for the first time, new arts and traditions were introduced, and new foods even became popular, like Mexico's chili peppers!Chinese culture has also profoundly impacted many other parts of the world over the centuries. For example, lots of common words in English actually come from Chinese languages, like "ketchup," "typhoon," "toupee," and "kung-fu." Celebrations like the Lunar New Year are hugely popular among Chinesecommunities globally. And incredibly, over 20% of the entire world's population practices Buddhism, a religion and philosophy that originated in ancient India before spreading to China and other Asian nations.In modern times, the mixing of cultures has accelerated like crazy as the world has become more connected through travel, migration, media and technology. We have so many opportunities to experience different cultures now. My family loves watching movies from the U.S. and anime cartoons from Japan. I listen to K-pop music from South Korea sometimes. My best friend's family is from Mexico and she taught me some Spanish words and about their amazing food like tacos and churros. And of course, Chinese culture continues to be shared globally through things like kung-fu movies, traditional arts and crafts, cuisine like dumplings and noodles, and more.At my school, we have students from so many different cultural backgrounds. In my class alone, there are kids with families originally from China, India, Nigeria, Brazil, France, and other places. We all get to learn about each other's traditions, festivals, foods, languages and more. It's an awesome way to expand our horizons and it makes the world feel much smaller and more connected.My favorite part of learning about other cultures is trying all the delicious new foods! I could eat curry, sushi, pizza, falafel, dumplings and pad thai every single day. Yum! But I also love hearing stories from different cultures, watching traditional dances, seeing beautiful artworks and crafts, and making new friends from diverse backgrounds.The exchange between cultures has been happening for centuries in amazing ways. And it's not slowing down anytime soon with our modern global world. I feel so lucky to be able to experience little bits of so many fascinating cultures every single day. Not only do I get to celebrate my own Chinese customs and traditions, but I can share them with others while also learning about their rich heritage.It makes me really happy to see cultures mixing, combining, and creating something new and special when they come together. Instead of staying isolated, we can all enrich each other's lives by experiencing the incredible diversity of food, art, music, language, philosophy and traditions that exist across every amazing culture around the world. What an incredible thing!篇3Exploring the World of Cultural ExchangeHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm a 4th grade student in Beijing. Today, I want to share with you something really fascinating – the amazing exchange between Chinese culture and cultures from around the world!China has a rich history that stretches back over 5,000 years. Our country is home to incredible ancient philosophies, beautiful art forms, delicious cuisine, and so much more. But did you know that throughout the centuries, China has also embraced and learned from the cultures of other nations? It's true! Thiscross-cultural exchange has made China's traditions even more vibrant and diverse.One of the earliest examples of this cultural interaction happened along the Silk Road. This was an ancient network of trade routes that connected China to regions as far away as the Mediterranean Sea and the Roman Empire. Not only did merchants transport valuable goods like silk, spices, and precious stones, but they also shared their customs, languages, and ways of life.Thanks to the Silk Road, Buddhism spread from India to China, bringing with it beautiful art, architecture, and philosophies about compassion and enlightenment. Chinesepeople were also introduced to new foods like carrots, cucumbers, and walnuts – can you imagine Chinese cuisine without these tasty ingredients today?As time passed, more and more cultures blended into the rich tapestry of China. During the Tang Dynasty, which lasted from 618 to 907 AD, China welcomed influences from Central Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. Music, dance, art, and even fashions from other civilizations became popular among the Tang elite.One art form that exemplifies this cross-cultural pollination is the ancient Chinese musical instrument known as the pipa. While its origins can be traced to regions like Persia and Central Asia, the pipa was later adopted and became a beloved part of Chinese musical tradition.Of course, cultural exchange is a two-way street. Just as China has absorbed elements from foreign cultures, its own customs and traditions have also spread far and wide, influencing the arts, philosophies, and ways of life in many other parts of the world.Let me give you an example that might surprise you – did you know that China's four great inventions of the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing played a huge role inshaping the modern world? The compass, for instance, enabled daring maritime explorers to navigate the high seas, leading to an era of globalization and cultural diffusion unlike anything the world had ever seen before.Speaking of navigation, let's not forget the incredible impact of the ancient Chinese philosophy known as Feng Shui. Loosely translated as "wind-water," Feng Shui teaches how to harmoniously arrange your living spaces and buildings according to the natural flow of energy, or qi. While it emerged in China over 3,000 years ago, Feng Shui principles have now been embraced all across the globe, influencing architecture, interior design, and even city planning.And what about Chinese martial arts? Styles like Kung Fu, which traces its roots back over 2,000 years, have not only influenced fighting techniques but have also become deeply embedded in popular culture worldwide through movies, TV shows, and literature.I could go on and on about the incredible back-and-forth of cultural exchange between China and the rest of the world, but I think you get the idea. Our traditions have been shaped by foreign influences, just as China's own customs have left an indelible mark on civilizations near and far.To me, this cross-pollination of cultures is one of the most fascinating and enriching aspects of human history. By embracing the diversity of beliefs, art forms, philosophies, and ways of life from around the globe, we open our minds to new perspectives and deepen our appreciation for the brilliant tapestry of human civilization.So, the next time you enjoy a delicious plate ofmouth-watering Kung Pao chicken, take a moment to marvel at the incredible journey that dish has taken, absorbing flavors and ingredients from cultures across Asia and beyond. Or when you hear the twanging melodies of a pipa, let your mind wander along those ancient Silk Road trade routes, imagining the incredible diversity of peoples who helped shape that beautiful instrument.The world is an endlessly fascinating place, filled with a kaleidoscope of customs, traditions, and perspectives just waiting to be experienced and understood. By celebrating the rich cultural exchange between China and other nations, we open the door to a lifetime of learning, growth, and interconnectedness with our brothers and sisters across this amazing planet we all call home.。
中职英语(高教版)教案：Unit5 Ancient Civilization (全6课时)
中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案教学内容Think and write. Students review the knowledgeabout the Silk Road and choose the most interestingcontent to complete an email to introduce the SilkRoad to Ira, a foreign friend.（3）个人活动，根据所选内容写邮件。
（4）全班活动，师生分别进行评价。
写作评价标准●单词拼写是否正确，标点符号使用是否规范？●语法运用是否正确？●行文思路是否清晰且符合逻辑？●相关的词汇与句型是否使用正确？Dear Ella,How are you doing recently?Have you heard of the Silk Road? I recentlylearned something new about it.Did you know that the ancient Silk Road wasneither an actual road nor a single route? Therewere not only route on land, but also routes by sea.I’m also surprised to learn that some common fruitsand vegetables such as grapes and carrots werebrought to China by the Silk Road. In addition, theSilk Road was a path of cultural exchanges betweenthe East and the West. What an amazing road itwas!Cheers!Xiao MingT ry to write anemail to youfriend.中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案中等专业学校2022-2023-2教案。
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Lecture 6. Early Buddhist Art in ChinaContent1.Devotion belief of Maitreya2.Sinicization in early Chinese Buddhist Art2.1.Sinicization policy in the Northern Wei2.2.Yungang Grottoes2.3.Longmen Grottoes◎E-Resources :1. Timeline and Maps of China :/chinaciv/timeline.htm2. Timeline of Chinese History and Dynasties [Asia for Educators]/tps/1000bce.htm3. Database for Buddhist Cave Temples in Chinahttp://dsr.nii.ac.jp/china-caves/index.html.en4. Chinese Symbols and Art Motifs/chinese-symbols.html5. How to identify a Buddhist images :/002F/index.htm◎Readings :[Maitreya]Jaini, Padmanabh S. “Stages in the Bodhisattva Career of the Tathāgata Maitreya.” In Maitreya, the Future Buddha. Edited by Alan Sponberg and Helen Hardacre, 54–90. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Kim, Inchang.The future Buddha Maitreya : an iconological study,New Delhi : D.K. Printworld, 1997, [294.342113 K49]Kitagawa, Joseph M. “The Many Faces of Maitreya: A Historian of Religions’ Reflections.” In Maitreya, the Future Buddha. Edited by Alan Sponberg and Helen Hardacre, 7–22. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Lancaster, Lewis. “Maitreya.” In The Encyclopedia of Religion. 2d rev. edition. V ol.8. Edited by Lindsay Jones, Mircea Eliade, and Charles J. Adams. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005.[Sinicization]ALEXANDER C. SOPER, IMPERIAL CA VE-CHAPELS OF THE NORTHERN DYNASTIES: DONORS, BENEFICIARIES, DATES , Artibus Asiae, V ol. 28, No.4 (1966), pp. 241-270ARPUTHARANI SENGUPTA, CULTURAL SYNTHESIS IN THE BUDDHIST ART OF CHINA, E-resources : http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41026.htmKatherine R. Tsiang, Changing Patterns of Divinity and Reform in the Late Northern Wei, The Art Bulletin, V ol. 84, No. 2, Jun., 2002 .Liu, Hongshi. "Early Chinese Buddhist stone carvings." Chinese Literature 4 (April 1982): 130-135.Rhie, Marylin M. "Late Sui Buddhist sculpture: a chronology and regional analysis." Archives of Asian Art 35 (1982): 27-54.Caswell, James O. Written and Unwritten: A New History of the Buddhist Caves at Yungang. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1988.Caswell, James D. "The 'Thousand-Buddha' pattern in caves XIX and XVI atYun-kang," Ars Orientalis 10 (1975):35-54.Chen, C.M. Buddha's statues in the Yunkang caves. Berkeley: [the author], 1977. Gabain, A. Annemarie von. "Types of arhats on a series of wall paintings from Turfan," Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 33 (1975):161-9.Huntington, John C. "The iconography and iconology of the 'Tan Yao' caves at Yungang." Oriental Art 32:2 (Summer 1986): 142-160.Knauer, Elfriede Regina. The fifth century A.D. Buddhist cave temples at Yun-kang, North China: a look at their western connections." Expedition 25:4 (Summer 1983): 27-46.★James C. Y. Watt, Art and History in China from the Third to the Eighth Century, in China : Dawn of a Golden Age, 200-750 AD, New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art ; New Haven : Yale University Press, c2004. [LB 709.21 C5 W ]★Leidy, Denise Patry, The art of Buddhism : an introduction to its history and meaning, Boston : Shambhala, 2008. Chap.3, [704.948943 L52 a]Soper, Alexander C. Literary evidence for early Buddhist art in China. Ascona, Switzerland: Artibus Asiae Publishers, 1959.WU, HUNG, BUDDHIST ELEMENTS IN EARLY CHINESE ART (2nd and 3rd Centuries), Artibus Asiae, V ol. 47, No. 3/4 (1986), pp. 263-303+305-352"Stone Sculptures of the Northern Wei Dynasty." Arts of Asia 25:5 (1995):134.【E-resources】Video from web :Yungang Grottoes/program/newsupdate/20100930/104106.shtml※Glossary of Chinese Art/china/glossary.htmlGao gu you si miao高古游絲描Archaic floating gossamer threadsAo-tu painting technique凹凸畫法in the Western Regions‘ convex-concave technique 凹凸畫法is used, first creating an ink outline and then applying color shading to show a three dimension of pictureBao yi bo dai褒衣博帶: Confucian-style loose robe with a broad sashXiu gu qing xiang秀骨清像: graceful and elegant lookSome famous artists in the 3-6 century1.Dai Kui 戴逵, (326－396)2.Gu Kaizhi顧愷之, (344－405)3.Cao Zhongda曹仲達, (active in Northern Qi dynasty, ca.550-577)4.Zhang Sengyao張僧繇. (502-549)5.Lu Tanwei 陸探微(?-485)Basic Terms in Chinese PAINTINGS and CALLIGRAPHY Formats:hanging scrolls: vertically proportioned for hanging on wallshandscrolls: h orizontal scrolls viewed section by section (right to left) on a table fan: oval with a handle or folded and set in a frame; can be removed from holder and mounted in an albumalbum: paintings mounted on individual leaves in book-like form Materials:silk: smooth, fine fabric made from cocoons of silkworms in China since Neolithic timespaper: made in China since at least the Han dynasty of a variety of fibrous materials, such as mulberry bark and hempbrush: used in China since Neolithic times and made with a pointed tip and in many sizes of a variety of materials, such as rabbit, goat, and weasel hairink: made of pine soot or lampblack combined with glue and pressed into cakes or sticks in dried form, which must be ground with water for usecolor pigments: water-based and derived primarily from plants and minerals◎Key Images : (The images are collected from public domain and used only for education purpose only.)◎Iconography of Maitreya◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎Sinicization in the Northern WeiYungang Grottoes (雲崗石窟)The Buddhist statues (cave 20) Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province. Yungang Grottoes (雲崗石窟)(cave 16, Yungang Grottoes) Bao yi bo dai褒衣博帶: Confucian-style loose robe with a broad sashYungang Caves, Datong, Shanxi Province Cave 9, AntechamberNorth Wall, Top of DoorNorthern Wei, Late 5th Century Sandstone, Photograph taken in 1982 Huntington Archive Image Scan # C7193Buddha, Yungang Cave 5,Longmen Cave 19, Fengxian Temple, at Longmen,Tang (early 670's CE, 672 CE - 675 CE) Material: grey limestone , Dimensions: H - ca. 55.00 ftCopyright Holder: Huntington, John C. and Susan L.Guyang Grotto 古陽洞Northern Wei Dynasty 493-534 AD; the oldest cave at Longmen(Binyang cave, Longmen grottoes, 龍門石窟賓陽中洞Luoyang, Henan province)Longmen Grottoes, Fengxian Tample, 奉先寺, Tang dynasty.Binyang Cave, Longmen 龍門賓陽洞Gong Xian County Grottoes 鞏縣石窟is in the Northern Wei Dynasty another great treasure house of Buddhist art besides the Longmen Grottoes. It is located in Luoyang northeast about 55 km（500-503AD）.Northern Wei :Buddha's monk's robe covering both shoulders, with thin underrobe and knotted cross-tie (a loose gown with wide girdle褒衣博帶),flowing in patterned folds over his throne;。