动词不定式讲义
不定式分解讲义及相关习题

不定式分解讲义及相关习题不定式作名词非谓语:三种形式1.不定式2.动名词3.分词不定式中的to与介词to区别开来,叫它小品词,它只是一个符号,没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to.不定式的否定式注意不定式与原形和现在式的区别(以be, have, go为例)六种用法:动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种,在句子中,它除了不能作谓语外,可以担当其它任何成分:主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和宾语补足语。
在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的作用。
不定式作主语的三种情况1.不定式作主语:To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To obey the laws is important. 遵守法律是非常重要的。
To finish so much homework in a day is impossible. 在一天之内完成这么多家庭作业时不可能的。
当作主语的不定式短语(即不定式带有自己的宾语、状语或逻辑上的主语)较长时,常用it 作形式主语而将真正的主语(不定式短语)放在谓语之后,例如:To obey the laws is important.→ It is important to obey the laws.To finish so much homework in a day is impossible.→ It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day.注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又再有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型。
To see is to believe. 不能改成It is to believe to see. (X)常见带形式主语it 的句型归纳:句型一:It is easy (difficult, hard, important, right, wrong, possible, impossible, necessary, unnecessary, foolish, wise, kind, cruel, nice…) to do…句型二:It is a pleasure (pity, pleasant thing, crime, an honour…) to do sth.句型三:It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 花了某人一些时间去做某事在句型一中我们常用for sb. 或of sb. 来作不定式的逻辑上的主语。
高考英语:非谓语动词考点精华讲义

高考英语:非谓语动词考点精华讲义高三的一轮复习已经进行了一大半,许多同学做题依然错误百出,其中一个重要原因是不能看懂句子结构,甚至分不清谓语动词和非谓语动词。
今天分享一下我总结的非谓语动词复习讲义,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这一重要的语法专题。
一、分类:动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点:1.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
2.Doing/T o do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。
二、动词不定式1、特点:表将来2、形式:①基本型:to+动词原形(do)。
②被动式:to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时:to be doing3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语:意外结果)。
③This is very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语,it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to:I want to get up early and read English.例外:前后表对比时,to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) (为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构:—Would you liketo go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外:to后有have/be时,保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义1)主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语(表性质的adj. + to do)2) 主+Vt + 宾语 + 宾补(adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
todo不定式主表被用法讲义高考英语二轮复习

To do 不定式主表被用法一. 动宾结构中的to do1. 主谓宾(宾语有不定式做后置定语)如果句子主干是动宾结构, 而不定式做宾语的后置定语,此时不定式与宾语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系,那么用主动不用被动。
eg:I have a meeting to attend. ( I attend a meeting)eg:I have some food to eat. ( I eat some food)eg:We have many difficulties to overe. (We overe many difficulties.)总结:此时,整个句子的主语可以新句子的主语,不定式可以处理成谓语,而原来的宾语还是宾语。
这样的句子结构,一定不用to be done.2. 主谓双宾(宾语有不定式做后置定语)如果句子有双宾,不定式修饰直宾,不定式与直宾之间仍然构成逻辑上的主谓关系,那么用主动不用被动。
eg:He gave me some books to read. (I read some books) eg:I will show you the right path to take. (You take the path.)总结:这类句子不太多,没有太多好例句。
注意(只能用被动):以上两种动宾结构用主动,最根本的原因是不定式与宾语也构成动宾关系。
但如果不能构成动宾关系,那就用被动。
eg:My boss asks the project to be finished in two weeks. 这里的project 不是主语My boss去做,根据逻辑关系,是让我去做。
因此这个句子不能改成My boss finishes the project.因此不能用不定式的主动语态,只能用被动语态。
3. 主谓宾+形容词宾补+不定式这种结构中宾语与不定式之间,有一个宾补。
而宾语基本都是形容词。
这种结构跟下文的系表结构其实道理是一样的。
高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解上课讲义

•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______.
A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by
train.
--Why not ____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he
persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
医生建议他去南方.
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at
have
notice observe
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do. It takes sb +time to do.
巩固练习1 1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.
2021年全国高考英语人教新版词法专题:非谓语动词之动词不定式-(讲义教师版)

高考专题-词法-非谓语动词之动词不定式知识集结知识元动词不定式知识讲解动词不定式一、概念:定义:动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为"to+动词原形",其中to是其符号,它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to do to be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生三、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
如:It is good to help others.2.作宾语1)不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。
2) find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语,需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。
如:This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.3)“动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式”结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等,但不能用why。
3.作定语1)不定式作定语多表示未来动作,而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。
不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作,但动作发生的时间不同。
Example:下周要召开的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。
非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但是有自己的宾语,状语等等。
一I 动词不定式一. 动词不定式的特征及用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
He decided to visit the family on Friday night.不定式短语to visit the family on Friday night,在句中做decided的宾语,同时,to visit又自带宾语the family 和状语on Friday night。
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形E.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.二. 动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
To learn English well is not easy.It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
动词不定式
Unit7—Unit8英语复习讲义稿编制:廖志高一、语法:动词不定式(The Infinitive)(一)、动词不定式的概念:to+动词原形(二)、什么时候动词用不定式?一个句子中不止一个动词,并且这个动词又不作谓语,一般情况下,这个不作谓语的动词常用动词不定式,即:to+动词原形。
﹡(三)、英语中常见的十个动词后动词不定式省to:(注意:被动语态中没有省to的情况。
)一、看:see, look, watch, notice;二、听listen, hear;三、感觉feel;四、使役let, make, help; (★help;后的动词不定式,既可带to+动词原形,也可省to,而后动词,仍用原形。
)﹡(四)、“疑问词+不定式”结构1.疑问词或疑问词组要放在不定式之前:如:A. What to do is a big problem.B. I know how to use the computer.C. Can you tell me which way to go .2.宾语从句与“疑问词+不定式”结构的转化:当主句中的主语和宾语从句中的主语是同一类人或物,而且引导该从句的引导词是which, what, how, where 等疑问词时,可将宾语从句中的主语删掉,将其转化为“疑问词+不定式”这一结构。
如:I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.﹡(五)、如何对不定式划线提问A.当不定式放在及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语后时,对不定式提问用疑问词what. 如:●I know where to go .→What do you know?●She asked me when to start.→对不定式提问用疑问what did she ask me ?B.当不定式放在不及物动词后一般表目的,对不定式提问用疑问why.如:I went there to buy some candies. →why did you go there?﹡(六)、注意:see sb. do (doing)看到某人(正在)做;hear sb. do (doing) 听到某人(正在)做;watch sb. do (doing ); 观看某人(正在)做;▲上述三组词组中,如果强调当时正在后就用动词ing 形式;反之,后就用省to的动词原形。
非谓语动词动名词,现在分词,不定式,过去分词比较讲义2
非谓语动词(三)做宾补1.I often hear her ___________ the song.2.I hear her ___________ the song now.3.I often hear the song____________.4.She is often heard ____________ the song.A. to singB. singingC. sungD. sing(1).动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find ,have, get, leave, keep, get, catchhear sb. doing sth.notice sb. doing sth.have sb. doing sth.get sb./sth. doing sth.leave sb. doing sth.keep sb. doing sth.find sb. doing sth.catch sb. doing sth.(2). advise, allow, ask, beg, command, call on, encourage, declare, depend on, forbid, force ,tell, invite, , oblige, get, help, order ,prefer, urge, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause 等后面,多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。
1) 我们不容许这种事情再发生。
2)大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。
3)请提醒我留给她这张纸条。
注意:hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
【】I hope you to give me a hand.【】I hope you can give me a hand.【】I wish you to give me a hand.【】He demanded me to be present at the meeting.【】He demanded that we should be present at the meeting.【】He required us to be present at the meeting.【】Mr Li suggested her not to go there alone.【】Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.(3).在表示感觉的动词后作宾语补足语,并且不定式都不带to。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)不定式: to do一.不定式的作用1.作主语不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数,往往用it 作形式主语。
It is selfish of him not to contribute anything.In fact, it is hard for the police to keep order in an important football match.It’s i mportant for the figures to be updated regularly.2.作宾语He managed to escape from the fire.David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.经常用不定式做宾语的动词有四个希望三答应:hope wish expect long agree promise undertake五个想要巧安排:intend plan want mean desire arrange设法学会做决定:manage learn decide determine企图假装要选择:attempt pretend choose提供要求勿拒绝:offer demand refuse威胁准备不失败:threaten prepare fail注意:it 作形式宾语的情况。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one form the other.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.3.作宾语补足语1) 动词+宾语+to doMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill.Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of luggage onto the plane.(被动形式)注意:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, allow, advise, beg, command, expect, forbid, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, would like,wait for, call on, arrange for2)在感官动词如feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, observe和使役动词如have, let, make 等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
高中英语不定式与将一般将来时讲义
高一英语语法系列之不定式一、基本结构动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,例如:to study hard, to play table tennis。
二、形式变化动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化:语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动to do to have done to be doing to have been doing被动to be done to have been done三、基本用法动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:1、作主语:例如To help each other is good. It is good to help each other.2、作表语:例如My job is to drive them to the power station every day.VS表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构:例如:Our plan is to set up another mid dle school for the peasants’ children.We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.3、作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语:例如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等例如:I am determined to give up smoking.③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语。
如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?4、作宾语补足语:例如:Tell the children not to play on the street.注:see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let例如:I saw a little girl run across the street.5、动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,例如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.6、作定语:如:Is this the best way to help him?注:不及物动词,介词不能省。
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不定式( Infinitive )不定式的句法功能1)主语will take you only about two hours.乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个小时。
It will take you only about tow hours .乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个时。
once more needs time .将这件事再做一遍需要时间。
It needs time . 将这件事再做一遍需要时间。
另外,如果要说明不定式短语的"逻辑主语"是谁,可在不定式前面加for引导的短语;在某些形容词作表语时,则要用以of引导的短语(这类形容词常见的有:kind , good , nice , wise , unwise , clever , silly , wrong , right , foolish , stupid , careless , considerate , rude , naughty , impolite)。
例如:It is difficult within one week. 让他在一周内完成这件工作是很困难的。
It is a pleasure the conference. 对我们来说,参加这个会议是件快事。
It is very kind us so much help .你给予我们这么多的帮助,真难为你了。
It is foolish the proposal .他们拒不采纳那个建议是愚昧的。
2) 表语不定式作表语所表达的主要意思是"说明或解释主语(要去)做什么事"。
例如:Her best wish is .她最大的愿望是将自己的知识用于实践。
His plan is in their teaching methodology. 他的计划是要对他们的教学方法进行改革。
3) 宾语不定式可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语;这类及物动词常见的有:(忠告) , (同意) , (请、要) , (试图) , (开始) , choose (选择) (继续) , (决定) , desire (希望) , (决心) , expect (期望) , forget (忘记) , (未能) , hate (不喜欢) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , like (喜欢) , manage (设法) , mean (打算) offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , prefer (宁愿) , (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , show (演示) , start (开始) , tell (告诉) , teach (教) , try (尽力) , (自愿) , want (想要) , wish (希望)等等。
例如:She when she was young .她年青的时候就学会做饭了。
His father this summer. 他父亲答应今年夏天带他去意大利。
The girl showed us . 那位女孩给我们演示怎样跳迪斯科。
I didn't in the competition. 我没想到会在比赛中获得第一名的。
4) 定语英文中有很多名词能用不定式来作它们的定语,这些名词的"动词或形容词形式"后也常接不定式。
We reached an agreement ( n. ) .我们达成协议共同干这工作。
She has an ability ( n.) .她有讲四种语言的能力。
They made a plan ( n. ) to develop a new product .他们制订了一个研制新产品的计划。
5) 状语不定式作状语时,往往是接在不及物动词的后面,修饰谓语动词;表示谓语动作发生的。
A)目的、B)结果、C)原因、D)程度,等等。
例如:A)作目的状语She yesterday .她昨天来看我了。
He has been to New Zealand . 他曾去新西兰深造过。
The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family .那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些另活。
You should study even harder in order to be a top student. 要当尖子学生,你应更加努力学习。
B)作结果状语They were too excited .他们太激动了以至说不出一句话来了。
I returned home that day to find that everything was being in good order .那天我回到家却发现一切会那么井井有条。
C)作原因状语I am sorry to hear that.听到这事我很难过。
They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. 发现屋子里空无一人,他们很奇怪。
D) 作程度状语She wouldn't be so silly to say that . 她不会傻得去说那件事的。
6)补足语不定式作补足语主要是指--不定式在某些动词后面作宾语补足语;当这种含不定式作宾语补足语的句子写成被动结构时,原句中的"宾语补足语"就变成被动句中的"主语补足语"了。
在不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,有两种情况:A)常见的用"带to的不定式作宾语补足语"的及物动词有:advise (劝告) , ask (请、要) , (允许、让) , beg(请求) , cause (使) , command (命令) , compel (强迫) , (鼓励) , (预料) , force (迫使) get (让) , hate (不喜欢) , help (帮助) , (邀请) , intend (想要) , instruct (指令) , leave (留给) , like (喜欢) , order (命令) , permit (允许) , (劝说) , prefer (宁愿) , press (强求) , remind (提醒) , request (要求) , urge (催促) , (警告) , want (想要) , wish (希望)另外,还有某些短语的后面也可以用这样的复合宾语,这样的成语动词常见的有:call on (号召), count on (仰仗) , depend on (依靠) , long for (渴望) ,, rely on (依靠) , vote for (投票) , wait for (等待) 。
例:Don't allow him at this moment.不要让他在这会儿进来。
Tom will get someone to repair your video-recorder.汤姆将找人给你修录像机。
Please remind me to this afternoon.请提醒我下午把信寄出去。
The students are waiting for the library to open.学生们在等候图书馆开放。
They'll vote for Little Bush to be President.他们将选小布什当总统。
B)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语常见的,用"不带to的不定式作宾语补足语"的及物动词有:feel (感到) , hear (听到) , have (让、使) , help (帮助) , let (让) , make (使) , notice (注意到) , see (看见) , watch (观看) , listen to (听) , look at (瞧、看) 。
例如:The story made all of us laugh .那故事使大伙都笑了。
Be sure to have him come before dark .一定让他在天黑前回。
Nobody noticed them leave the house .没有人注意到他们离开了屋子。
We listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano.我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。
She looked at the cat jump .她瞧着猫跳。
C) 作主语补足语要特别注意作主语补足语的不定式必须带"to"。
例如:They were even made on weekends by the boss. 他们甚至被老板逼得周末都要上班。
We can be depended on to carry on the work. 可以靠我们来进行这个工作。
Someone was heard . 听见有人开门。
1) 当我们不强调这种"时间先后关系"时,用不定式的"一般式"。
这时在实际意义上,不定式的动作或是与谓语动作"几乎同时发生"或是"发生于谓语动作之后"。
例如:I didn't hear her . ( 几乎同时发生) 我没有听见她说那件事。
Mr. Rieder was invited at the meeting.( 发生于谓语动作之后)里德先生应邀在会议上发言。
2) 不定式的"进行体"强调不定式的动作正在发生,并"与谓语动作同时发生"。
例如:It is very kind of you .难得你为我们着想。
He pretended .他假装在专心地听讲。
I'm so happy to .与你一道工作我很高兴。
3) 不定式的"完成式"则表示不定式的动作业已发生,并"发生于谓语动作之先"。
例如:I'm sorry you here alone so long .对不起,让你一个人在这里呆了这么久。
She is said a new book .据说她又出版了一本书。
They seem about it already .他们似乎已经知道了这件事儿。
We happened to the article once .我们碰巧有一次见过这篇文章。
A) 与不定式相邻的名词、代词可能是不定式的"逻辑主语",例如:It is an honour for me to attend the conference . 应邀出席这个会议是我的荣耀。