英语语法 非谓语动词 现在分词和过去分词详解 -江苏省盐城市2021届高三一轮复习

合集下载

非谓语动词,现在分词过去分词

非谓语动词,现在分词过去分词

分词有现在分词(the Present Participle)和过去分词(the Past Participle),在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。

一、现在分词(一)分词的形式主动语态被动语态语态时态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not【随时练】1). He ran back home at night, ______ (look) behind at times.2). ______ (tell) many times, the old man forgot the name of the supermarket.3). ______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting.【答案】1)looking 2)Having been told 3)Not having got(二) 分词在句中所做成分分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。

1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。

它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。

有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。

1)前置定语He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。

Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音,有个孩子在睡觉。

2)后置定语The young man running after Jim was the winner in the last year race.跟在吉姆身后跑的年轻人是去年比赛的冠军。

3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。

如:Those wishing to see the film star have been waiting for hours.(=Those who wish to see the film star have been waiting for hours.)想见那个电影明星的人已经等了几个小时。

非谓语动(现在分词和过去分词)

非谓语动(现在分词和过去分词)

非谓语动词——现在分词一、定义现在分词是由v+ing构成,具有动词的特征,在功能上具有adj.和adv.的特点,在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。

之前,即,not dong/not being done/not having done/not having been done.但在having done结构中,never应放在having和done之间,即,having never done。

翻译:Having never been there/Not having been there, I can’t tell you what the place is like.1.一般式:由v+ing构成,语态上表现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生/存在的动作或状态。

填空:1) The girl ______(sing) for us is ten years old.2) _______(wear) a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.2. 完成式:having+done,语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示已完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。

填空:1) _______(receive) the letter, I know everything is all right.2) ________(have) my supper, I went out for a walk.3. 被动式:1)being done 2)having been done,语态上表示该现在分词短语与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;时间上being done表示和谓语动词同时发生,having been done表示在谓语动词之前已发生或完成。

填空:The building _________(build) will be completed next year.三、现在分词的用法及功能(一)作定语1. 现在分词作定语时其逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词。

过去分词和现在分词的用法技巧解析

过去分词和现在分词的用法技巧解析

过去分词和现在分词的用法技巧解析过去分词和现在分词是英语语法中常用的两种非谓语动词形式。

它们在句子中具有较为灵活多样的用法,能够为句子赋予不同的语法功能和修饰作用。

本文将就过去分词和现在分词的用法技巧进行解析。

一、过去分词的用法技巧1. 作为形容词修饰名词过去分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词,表示名词的状态、属性或感受等。

例如:- a broken window(一个破碎的窗户)- a excited child(一个激动的孩子)- a surprised look(一个吃惊的神情)2. 与连系动词连用过去分词与连系动词(如be, seem, appear等)连用,构成系表结构,表示主语的状态或特征。

例如:- The book is written by a famous writer.(这本书是由一位著名作家所写的)- She seemed lost in thought.(她似乎陷入沉思中)3. 作为介词的宾语过去分词可以作为介词的宾语,表示动作的被动、完成或结果。

例如:- He is proud of having won the competition.(他为自己赢得了比赛而感到骄傲)- I am tired of being treated unfairly.(我厌倦了受到不公平对待)4. 与情态动词连用过去分词与情态动词(如can, could, may, might等)连用,表示对过去某一动作或状态的推测或假设。

例如:- He may have finished his homework.(他可能已经完成了作业)- She could have missed the train.(她可能错过了火车)二、现在分词的用法技巧1. 作为形容词修饰名词现在分词可以作为形容词,修饰名词,表示名词的特点、特征或状态等。

例如:- a running river(一条流动的河流)- a smiling face(一个微笑的脸)2. 作为主动语态的非谓语动词现在分词可以独立担任主语、宾语或表语等成分,表示某个正在进行的动作或状态。

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(现在分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(现在分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(现在分词)敬告:以下内容,不参加高考等有语法题(语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等)考试的应用类学员无须深究,知道该语法结构的存在,及其充当的句子成分和功能即可,应多花时间练习听说读写,否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。

应试类学员有时间可以比较分析,基本搞懂。

现在分词长什么样?就是动词的进行时ing形式;如果是及物动词,还可以跟它的宾语和补语;现在分词可以充当定语、状语、补语,是非谓语的动词,不能充当主语、宾语;动词进行时ing形式充当主语或宾语,恰恰是动名词的事儿。

1、现在分词可以充当定语This is a moving story.The girl standing over there (who is standing over there) is my daughter.2、现在分词可以充当状语,多为时间状语从The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point.现在分词引导时间状语从句,相当于:The lawyer listened with full attention, when he tried not to miss any point.Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.现在分词引导时间状语从句,相当于:After Carter had lived in Beijing for many years, He knew the city well.3、现在分词可以充当补语,对主语或宾语进行补充说明(1) Don’t have your students studying all day.(2) The movie is very interesting.现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式:1、现在分词的一般式(doing)通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

非谓语动词-现在分词和过去分词(原创版,简单易学全面)(后附教师版)

非谓语动词-现在分词和过去分词(原创版,简单易学全面)(后附教师版)

非谓语动词——现在分词一、定义现在分词是由v+ing构成,具有动词的特征,在功能上具有adj.和adv.的特点,在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。

之前,即,not dong/not being done/not having done/not having been done.但在having done结构中,never应放在having和done之间,即,having never done。

翻译:Having never been there/Not having been there, I can’t tell you what the place is like.1.一般式:由v+ing构成,语态上表现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生/存在的动作或状态。

填空:1) The girl ______(sing) for us is ten years old.2) _______(wear) a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.2. 完成式:having+done,语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示已完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。

填空:1) _______(receive) the letter, I know everything is all right.2) ________(have) my supper, I went out for a walk.3. 被动式:1)being done 2)having been done,语态上表示该现在分词短语与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;时间上being done表示和谓语动词同时发生,having been done表示在谓语动词之前已发生或完成。

填空:The building _________(build) will be completed next year.三、现在分词的用法及功能(一)作定语1. 现在分词作定语时其逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词。

现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析

现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析

现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。

它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。

本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。

一、形态上的区别1. 现在分词的形态现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式,例如:working, playing, eating 等。

当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时,常用现在分词形式。

2. 过去分词的形态过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾,例如:worked, played, eaten等。

过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。

二、用法上的区别1. 现在分词的用法(1)作主语:现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中,表示正在进行或经常性的动作。

例如:"Reading books is my hobby."(阅读书籍是我的爱好。

)(2)作定语:现在分词可以修饰名词作定语,常表示主动、进行或经常性的动作。

例如:"The running water is very clear."(流动的水非常清澈。

)(3)作宾语补足语:现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语,表示正在进行或经常性的动作。

例如:"I saw him painting the house."(我看见他正在刷房子。

)2. 过去分词的用法(1)作主语:过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中,表示完成的动作或状态。

例如:"Broken glass covered the ground."(破碎的玻璃铺满了地面。

)(2)作定语:过去分词可以修饰名词作定语,表示被动或完成的动作。

例如:"The lost key has been found."(丢失的钥匙已经找到了。

)(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语,表示完成的动作或状态。

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

非谓语动词 (现在分词,过去分词)

非谓语动词 (现在分词,过去分词)
bought 4). With everything he needed________(buy), he went out of the super market.
2). 动词+宾语+宾补 a). 使义动词 send sb doing sth have/keep sb doing sth get sth doing(vi) get/keep sth done get sb done make oneself done
2. 找逻辑主语 如果没有连词,则确定用非谓语动词,首先确 定逻辑主语。 1). 如果非谓语动词没有逗号隔开时, 则逻辑主 语常常为最接近一个名词; 2). 如果非谓语动词有逗号隔开时,则 a). 非谓语动词放在句首,句中时,逻辑主语为 主句主语; b). 非谓语动词放在句末时; 主句主语; 逻辑主语 最接近一个名词 整个主句
2. ________many times , he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told B. To be told C. He was told D. Though he was told 分析:句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此, 前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故 选A,用非谓语动词作状语。
注意事项: (1)位置: 分词作状语时,位于句首或者句末;
(2) 逻辑主语: 主句主语;
(3) 省略句: 由when, while, though, although, if , as if, even if, before, after, unless等引导的从 句中;
a). 如果主句主语与从句主语相同,并且从句谓 语动词包括be时,则可以省去从句主语+be; When studying abroad, he studied hard. If invited to the party, I will go. b). 如果从句主谓是 it be时,也可省去; I will go and see if (it is) necessary. If so, please call me right away.
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

非谓语动词
分词:现在分词和过去分词
一、现在分词形式
1. 一般式(1)主动式doing (2) 被动式being done
2. 完成式(1)主动式having done (2) 被动式having been done
当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,就用完成式。

当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后时,或与主句谓语动作同时发生时,就用一般式。

二、何时用现在分词?
1.vt. (及物动词)后有宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.
2.vi.(不及物动词)非谓语动词用doing.
3.vi.+介词+宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.
三、过去分词形式
done 表完成和被动;动词的过去分词有时相当于形容词。

四、何时用过去分词?
vt. (及物动词)后没有宾语时,非谓语动词用done.
五、分词做表语
分词没有名词的性质,所以不能作主语。

但是分词有形容词的性质,可以作表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。

1. 现在分词即doing, 中文为“令人……”之意,主语多为物。

2. 过去分词即done, 中文为“感到……”之意,主语多为人。

过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。

常见分词有:
astonishing/ astonished(惊奇); moving/ moved(感动); tiring/ tired(疲劳);
disappointing/ disappointed(失望); puzzling/ puzzled(困惑); shocking/ shocked(震惊);
boring/ bored(厌烦,厌倦); amusing/ amused(愉快,开心); exciting/ excited;
satisfying/ satisfied(满足,满意)等
六、分词做宾语补足语
(一)现在分词做宾语补足语
observe,notice, see, watch, look at, hear, find, keep, have, feel, get, catch, send, leave +sb./ sth. +doing sth.
sb./ sth. 和doing之间存在主谓关系(主动关系),强调动作正在进行,尚未完成。

I found her listening to the radio.
The girl was caught cheating in the exam.
(二)过去分词做宾语补足语
observe,notice, see, watch, look at, hear, find, keep, have, feel, get, catch, send, leave +sb./ sth.+done
sb./ sth.和done之间存在动宾关系(被动关系),动作已经完成,多强调状态。

We found the village changed.
I had our house repaired last week.
The guests left the dishes untouched.
五、分词做定语
(一)现在分词做定语
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生;如表被动用being done结构
The topic dealing with housing problems refers to us all.
The topic being discussed now refers to us all.
(二)过去分词做定语
与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成,也表“被动+完成”或仅表“完成”
The topic discussed just now referred to us all.
六、分词做状语
1. 做时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,可放句首、句中或句末,可与相对应的状语从句互转。

2. 做结果状语时,往往放主句后,主动用doing,被动用done(可与with结构或与and连接的并列句互转)
He died, leaving his work unfinished.
=He died, with his work unfinished.
=He died, and left his work unfinished.
3. 做伴随状语时通常用动词ing形式,即doing.
4. 现在分词做状语
现在分词做状语时,非谓语动词与主句和从句的主语都是主谓关系(即主动关系),并且主句和从句的主语是一致的。

1. 现在分词做状语从句时,如果分词的动作与主句谓语动词动作同时或几乎同时发生时,用分词的一般式doing(主动), 被动式为being done;
(While) waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. (时间)
2. 现在分词做状语从句时,如果分词的动作先于主句谓语动词动作发生,往往与一段时间连用时,用分词的完成式having done,被动式为having been done
Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the conference. (原因)
5. 过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语时,非谓语动词与主句和从句的主语都是动宾关系(即被动关系),并且主句和从句的主语也是一致的。

选用分词的被动式有done, having been done或being done。

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming his shyness. (让步)
(If) given enough time, we could have finished the task. (条件)
Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. (原因)
七、作插入语的常用非谓语动词结构
1. to tell you the truth(说老实话) To tell you the truth, I hate him.
2. to be frank=to be honest(坦率地说) To be frank, I don't agree with what you said.
3. to begin/start with(首先) To begin/start with, I'd like to say something about myself.
4. to be brief(简言之)
5. to make a long story short(长话短说)
6. to be exact=to be precise(精确地说)
7. to say nothing of(姑且不说)
8. to conclude(总而言之),
9. to be sure(诚然、固然),
10. generally / honestly / strictly / frankly(要用副词)speaking(总的来说/老实说/严格地说/坦率地说)
11. talking / speaking of...(谈到/提到……)
12. supposing / suppose/ assuming/ providing / provided+ that+从句(假如/ 如果……)
Provided/Providing the price is right, we'll buy everything you produce.
13. Seeing that+从句(既然/由于)
14. judging from/ by...(根据……判断)
Judging from what he said, he was honest.
Judged as the best football player, he is very popular with young people.
15. considering +n.或+从句=given+n. 或+从句(鉴于……;考虑到)
Considering his age =Taking his age into consideration, he has done well enough.
Considered to be interesting, the book sells well. Given more care, the tree will grow taller.。

相关文档
最新文档