译林牛津版高中英语专题知识讲解高考冲刺：单句改错

精品文档 用心整理 资料来源于网络 仅供免费交流使用 高考冲刺：单句改错 题型介绍 短文改错除了考查篇章的逻辑结构，更多地从句子层面考查考生对英语知识的掌握程度。考生只要了解短文中句子错误的常见设错方式，就很容易找到错误并更正。另外这些设错的地方也是考生在书面表达中句子出现错误的地方，提高句子的改错能力的同时也能提高写作能力。 解题技巧 常见错误考点 考点1：名词的数与格 ⑴ 在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。 For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and… (hour→ hours)（2014课标II） ⑵ 像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。 It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggages→ luggage)（2011课标） ⑶ 本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friend→ my friend’s)（2011课标） 考点2：指代一致 ⑴ 上下文的人称不一致。 Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them→ us) （2011大纲） ⑵ 上下文的单复数不一致。 …both of them have similar ideas… Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him→ them)（2014大纲） ⑶ 上下文的性别不一致。 Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said… (him→ her) （2010大纲） ⑷ 人称代词格的误用。 Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them… (I→ me)（2007课标） ⑸ 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。 He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others… (从句主语which是指the voice, 这种声音使“他”与别人分离, 故改himself为him)（2013课标I） 考点3：冠词 ⑴ 基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用a或an；表示特指时用the。 In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long time→ a long time)（2010大纲） Many countries in the world find they don’t have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should… (a→ the，特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)（2012大纲） So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (the→ a) （2013大纲） ⑵ 固定短语中多用或少用冠词。 精品文档 用心整理 资料来源于网络 仅供免费交流使用 In a fact, he even scared my classmates away… (In a fact→ In fact)（2013课标I） As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (As result→ As a result) （2014课标） 考点4：介词 ⑴ 常用介词的错用。 Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的时间) （2014课标II） ⑵ 固定词组中的介词误用。 …and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes… (with the help of在……的帮助下) （2014课标I） ⑶ 固定词组中的介词漏用。 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (listen to听) （2014课标II） 考点5：连词 ⑴ although/though/while不与but连用；since /as/because不与so连用。 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease… (去掉but或改为yet)（2014课标I） ⑵ and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。 The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( but→ and，前后没有转折关系) （2014大纲） ⑶ and与or。 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. (or→ and)（2010大纲） What’s more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week… (and→ or)（2012大纲） ⑷ so与or。 We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. (so因此→or否则) （2013四川） ⑸ after与before。 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. (Before→ After逻辑)（2013陕西） ⑹ which与what。 That is which other teachers say. (which→ what所……的) （2013辽宁） ⑺ 多用或少用连词。 With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. (去掉so)（2013辽宁） So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if后加what)（2010大纲） ⑻ 错用that引导非限制性定语从句。 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. (that→ which)（2013课标II） 考点6：时态一致 ⑴ 上下文的谓语动词都是过去时，突然出现一个现在时。 She used to hold me… I was only four when she passes away. (passes→ passed) （2013课标I） ⑵ 上下文的谓语动词都是现在时，突然出现一个现在时。 Since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. (had →has) （2014课标I） 精品文档 用心整理 资料来源于网络 仅供免费交流使用 此外，无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，都要注意在平行结构中，动词形式的一致性，即“平行一致”。如在A and B或A, B and C中，A, B, C的形式要一致。 …both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other (trusting→ trust)（2014大纲） 考点7：主谓一致 ⑴ 行为动词：主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时，其后加s。可记作：一般现在时，三单加s。主语不是第三人称单数时，一般现在时用原形，过去时一般加ed。 My dream school look like a big garden. ( look→ looks，主语是My dream school) （2014课标II） ⑵ have动词：主语是第三人称单数时，have的现在时(一般现在时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时，现在时用have，过去时用had。 Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroad. (have→ has，主语是Li Ming，注意：with sb.或together with sb.等介词短语是不能作主语的) ⑶ be动词：主语是第三人称单数时，be的现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时)用is，过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)用was。主语是I，用am或was；主语是you或复数，用are或were。 …the only clothes I had was those I had on. (was→ were，主语是the only clothes)（2011课标） 考点8：非谓语动词 一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出现动词，其前面又没有并列连词时，该动词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。 ⑴ 作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner… (Have→ Having)（2013课标II） ⑵ 熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。 Last year, she decided study abroad. (study→ to study，因decide to do sth.)（2010大纲） ⑶ 介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。 He isn’t good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talk→ talking，在介词at后) （2013大纲） I look forward to see her again in the near future. (see→ seeing，在介词to后)（2010大纲） ⑷ 一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。 She used to holding me on her knees… (holding→ hold，因used to do sth.) （2013课标I） Well, I had better to stop now. (to stop→ stop，因had better do sth.)（2009课标） …make their friendship to last long. (to last→ last，因make sb. do sth.)（2014大纲） ⑸ 根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式。 We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (have→ having，因we与have是主动关系)（2014陕西） Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake… (Felt→ Feeling，因we与feel是主动关系)（2013陕西） ⑹ 别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。 …but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位语my best friend, 显然，主语是Mary, 谓语是ask, 由前句谓语动词的时态可知, 用一般过去时, 故改asking为asked)（2013四川） 考点9：词类的用法 ⑴ 作定语、表语、补语, 用形容词但短文中却用了副词或名词。