大学英语语法讲解

大学英语语法 讲解
情态动词的完成时(表示对过去的说法)
must The
+have +过去分词 （用于肯
定句）一定已经…….
light is still on. They must have forgotten to turn it off when they left the room.
have done ×
separate…from compare:比较 compare…to/with… contrast:
contrast
(to/with) …对比，相比
come
up with:提出 He came up a new idea for increasing sales. catch up with:赶上 After a term, she caught up with the other students in her class. keep up with:跟上 We should keep up with the pace of the modern society.
注意：suggest
作“暗示，表明” 解时，insist 作“坚决认为”解时 不用虚拟语气，而用一般的时态。
Mike
insisted that he had never stolen anything. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she was in excellent health.
虚拟语气用于if
only引导的感叹
句中(要是…就好了) If only I had taken his advice.
for: 解释某事物的原因 Please account for your rude behavior. bring up:抚养 She was brought up by her aunt. get through:(设法)完成;(使)通过 There is a lot of work to get through. She got all her pupils through the test.
同位语从句。其谓语动词用 (should ) +动词原形
We
all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
it
is (high) time sb + did It is (high) time we left.
虚拟语气用于主语从句
It
is necessary (important, natural, strange, essential, etc.) that sb (should) +动词原形 This is a very difficult operation. It is essential that you be prepared for emergency.
needn’t
+have +过去分词 本不必做…… You needn’t have waited for me. I told you yesterday I would overwork.
with
with
+ done With the homework finished, the boy went out. with + doing With the old man leading the way, we finally find the house.
out:挑出 He picked out the ripe peach. make out:辨认 Can you make out what that sign says? give off:发出(蒸汽,光等) The food gave off a bad smell.
pick
separate:分开
whose（可代替人和物） Do
you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? I live in a room whose windows face south. which（代替物）
The
building which stands near
the river is our school.
部分倒装： 把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前 否定副词提前的句型中，否定副词有hardly, not , nowhere, seldom, not only, scarcely, never, little, at no time, in no circumstance. I shall never do this again. Never shall I do this again.
定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句
叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代 词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系 代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词when, where, why等。他们在定语从句中担任句 子成分。
who（代替人）:
I
know the man who/that is standing under the tree over there. whom: The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. Who stands near the river is our school.
与将来事实相反
If
+ did (be—were) / were to / should+ do,…would (should, could, might) + do If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
注:mustn’t
can’t
(couldn’t) +have +过去分词 （用于否定或疑问句）不可能…….. He cannot have been to that town for I saw him just now.

should/ought to +have+过去分词
本应该做(却没有做)…….
It
is be suggested (desired, ordered, proposed, advised, etc.) that sb (should) + do
虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
作advice,
idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request，wish等名词的表语从句、
with
+ prep With the light on, all the students went out of the classroom.
虚拟语气的用法
概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、
猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在 的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特殊形式来表示
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
when I
will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu. where This is the place where we lived for 5 years. why I know the reason why he came late.
account
to do:设法做某事 We try to finish the work on time. endeavor (fml.) to do:设法做某事 We endeavor to finish the work on time. succeed (in) doing 成功做某事 We succeed in finishing the work on time.
try
as
a result:结果
As
a result, two people were killed in the accident.
the way:顺便 the contrary:与此相反
by
By
the way, please give it to Mary
on
It
doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful.
As
his best friend, you should/ought to have helped him. (but in fact, you didn’t.)
shouldn’t
/ought not to +have +过
去分词 本不应该做(却做了)……. You shouldn’t have parked your car here, for it’s a public place.
that(可代替人和物)
The
letter (that ) I received was from my father. 注意:在下面几种情况下必须用“that” 1. 先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything All that (what) we have to do is to practise every day.

[P184第49题]
倒装句
英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语
在后。但有时为了强调或为了语法 结构的需