翻译方法

第七章增补与省略Addition & Omission in Translation

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翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）

1．The purposes of his journey were both military and political.

【译文】这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。

2．Some of the gases in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not. 【译文】空气中有些气体的含量相当稳定，有些就不稳定。

3．You may apply in person or by letter.

【译文】你可以本人亲自去申请或寄信去申请。

4．Some go only for one year, many for two, but never longer, unless the ship which is to bring them out cannot reach their base. (W. M. Smith: In the Antarctic)

【译文】有些人在这里呆一年，也有人要呆两年，但绝对不会再久，除非去接他们的船只到不了基地。

5．He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 【译文】他是个聪明人，很好相处，就是学习不肯用功；老是东挪西借，还喜欢上酒馆喝上两口。

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2翻译句子，注意补译替代部分使句意完整

（参考译文）

1．—Did you enjoy your time in Nanjing？

—Yes, I did.

【译文】——你在南京过得愉快吗？

——是的，我过得很愉快。

2．—Is matter in constant motion and in constant change?

—Yes, it is.

【译文】

——物质是在不断地运动和变化着吗？

——是的，物质是在不断地运动和变化着。

3．For errors had been made, bad ones.

【译文】因为错误已经出了不少，而且还是很严重的错误。

4．I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

【译文】希望会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。

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翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）

1．He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life

and death.

【译文】他一直生活在沙漠里，每杯水都可能是生死攸关之大事，必须精打细算地用。

2．If one had but two heads and neither required sleep! （=It would be good if one had but two heads and neither required sleep!）

【译文】人要是有两个脑袋，而且都不需要休息就好了。

3．And the music of the pearl drifted to a whisper and disappeared.

【译文】珍珠之歌随波荡漾，余音袅袅，后来完全溶入了滚滚波涛。4．Saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business. /What saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business.

【译文】一个人不能不储蓄存钱，就像一个企业不能没有利润效益一样。

And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his army of the future.

【译文】接着他发表了长篇演说，振振有词地把他设想中的未来军队鼓吹了一番。

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4：翻译句子，根据语境、语义增词（参考译文）

1．People in the square melted away.

【译文】广场上的人们渐渐散去了。

2．This is the drink of hot weather.

【译文】这是大热天理想的饮料

3．He was weak and old.

【译文】他身体衰弱，年纪也大了。

4．The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 【译文】这间大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时尚新潮、没有回声。

5．Mr Linton was not far behind; he opened the gate himself and sauntered slowly up, probably

enjoying the lovely afternoon that breathed as soft summer. (Emily Bront?:

Wuthering Heights)

【译文】林惇先生在后面不远；他自己开了大门，慢慢蹓跶过来，大概是想享受这风和日丽、宛如夏日的下午时光。

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5：翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）

1．Illness prevented him from doing his work.

【译文】他因病不能干活。

2．Possessing high conductivity of heat and electricity, aluminum finds wide application in industry.

【译文】由于铝具有良好的导热性及导电性，所以在工业上获得了广泛应用。

3．Social evils were fundamentally caused by economic inequality.

【译文】从根本上说，社会罪恶是由经济不平等所造成的。

4．The rapid expansion of industrialization throughout the world must lead to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources.

【译文】由于工业化在全世界迅速发展，自然资源必然逐步趋向枯竭。

5．Their (the Curie’s) discovery brought about a revolution in the understanding of a structure of

matter.

【译文】由于居里夫妇的发现，人类对物质结构的认识发生了一次革命。6．You are only young once. At the time it seems endless, and is gone in a flash; and then for a very long time you are old.

【译文】人一生年轻只有一次，似乎永远不完，而逝去就在瞬间，尔后很长很长一段时间都是老年。

7They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.

【译文】好书可比作人们呼吸的空气，到处可得，花费不多，裨益很大，我们所吸取的都来自书本。

8.A little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.

【译文】一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣着褴褛，瘸腿，胡须满面。9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.

【译文】只听到女人们在尖叫，小孩们在欢闹，男人们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果。

9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.

【译文】只听到女人们在尖叫，小孩们在欢闹，男人们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴

3 味地等着看结果。

10．His eyes, wide and wet, at last flashed fiercely on her; his breast heaved convulsively. (Emily

Bront?: Wuthering Heights) 【译文】他睁大双眼，含着泪水，最后猛地向她一闪，胸口激动地起伏着。

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6：翻译下列句子，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译文）

1．By analysis, we mean analyzing the contradictions in things.

【译文】所谓分析就是分析事物的矛盾

2．I am not a poet; I could not write a single line to depict its beauty.

【译文】我不是诗人，我写不出一行诗句来描绘它的美丽。

3．Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and our daughter, who is four, won’t go

to school until next year.

【译文】我儿子卡尔六岁，在一所很好的私立学校读书，女儿四岁，明年才上学。4．But it’s the way I am, and try as I might; I haven’t been able to change it.

【译文】可我就是这个脾气，虽几经努力，却始终未能改变过来。

5．It is man’s social being that determines his thinking.

【译文】人们的社会存在，决定人们的意识。

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7:翻译句子，注意省译（参考译文）

1．As the temperature increases，the volume of water becomes greater.

【译文】温度升高,水的体积就增大。

2．When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.

【译文】短波发送出去遇到障碍就反射回来。

3I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone.

【译文】那时我正在洗澡，因此没有听到电话铃响。

4We must bring forward a new design at the earliest possible date.

【译文】我们必须尽早提出一项新方案。

5I honest to goodness would like to find myself a job somewhere.

【译文】我确实想在哪儿找个工作干。

综合练习及参考译文

1．用增补译法翻译下列句子1）A knock at the door prevented me from answering his question.

【译文】因为有人敲门，我无法回答他的问题。

2）The widespread application of new and more complex products will give rise to side-effects.

4 【译文】由于广泛地应用更复杂的新产品，将产生一些副作用。

3）An intelligence test will allow us to predict the level of a student.

【译文】智力测验能预测学生的实际水平。

4）The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.

【译文】我一见到那个孤儿，就想到他的父母。

5）In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed. 【译文】我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的，满腔热情，但知之甚少。

6）Her child, her work, her friends were more than enough to fill her time.

【译文】她照顾孩子，干工作，交朋友，这些占用了她的全部时间。

7）“I’ll make a doctor of him,” said Mrs. White.

【译文】“我一定要把他培养成一个高明的医生，”怀特太太说。

8）I like the place for the very reason that (=for which) you dislike it.

【译文】我喜欢那地方的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。

9）The old people, weary but excited, decided to have a rest.

【译文】这些老人，虽疲劳却兴致很高，他们决定休息一下。

10）He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement.

【译文】他满怀希望地说这场运动会取得成功。

11）These problems had to be weighed up under varying, sometimes uncertain factors.

【译文】这些问题必须根据变化着的因素，有时是捉摸不定的因素来进行全衡。12）It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy sluggish—brained sloths stayed at home.

【译文】这是一批迅速能干的人们，——因为那些行动迟缓、昏昏欲睡、呆若树獭的人都留在家里了。

13）Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water resistant material, which makes rubber industry

very important.

【译文】橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用、并能防水的材料，这就使得橡

胶工业显得非常重要。

14）Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, chi1d, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to morn his loss; …

【译文】尽管校长的信和墓志铭一样靠不住。不过偶然也有个把死人也当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话，虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子，他们的

家人也实实在在地、哀思绵绵地追悼他们。．

用省略译法翻译下列句子

1) I’ve got the devil of a toothache.

【译文】我牙痛死了。

2) Water passes from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes.

【译文】水结冰就是从液态转变为固态。

3) The scenery was beautiful; and the acting was superb.

【译文】布景很美，演出很出色。

4) Listening to classical music is my cup of tea.

【译文】我最爱听古典音乐。

5) They don’t know their right hand from their left.

【译文】他们什么也不知道。

6) It’san experience I wouldn’t trade for anything in the world.

【译文】这就是我最宝贵的一次经历。

7) In the course of the same year, war broke out in that area.

【译文】同年，该地区爆发了战争。

8) Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.

【译文】入夜不久，他们开始进攻敌人。

9) The volume of the sun is about 1 300 000 times that of the earth.

【译文】太阳的体积约为地球的1 300 000倍。

10) It is now thought that the more work we give our brain, the more work they are able to do.

【译文】现在人们认为，脑子越用越好使。

11) Those were the days of innocence, when volunteers tended to be welcomed merely because

they had volunteered.

【译文】那时人们的想法单纯得很，志愿参加的人都受到欢迎，只是因为他们是自愿的。

12) At the earliest opportunity he ordered the cavalry to ride out and clear the level ground in the occupation of the enemy.

【译文】他下令骑兵乘机出击平原上的敌人阵地。

13) …and as always happens with radios, just at the vital moment a crash and a bang and nothing

could be understood and the broadcast ended.

【译文】收音机老出现这种情况：正在紧要关头，嘎啦一声，或是轰隆一响，什么都听不清

楚，广播就完了。

14) Times were tough during the Depression, and there were five mouths to feed in my family, besides buying coal and wood for the strove.

【译文】那年头正值大萧条期，日子过得紧紧巴巴，我们家除了买煤买柴之外，还有五张嘴等着要吃饭。

15) She was lucky, for he had given her a gift more powerful than sight, the gift of love that can

bring light where had been darkness.

【译文】

她很幸运，因为他送给她的是一份比视力更能增添力量的礼物，这份礼物充满着爱意，可以使光明重现。

3段落翻译When a person moves from one culture to another, he suddenly finds that much of what he has learned about interpreting the actions of people around him is suddenly irrelevant. He finds that the strategies he has used to influence people or events in certain ways are no longer effective, and the assumptions that guided his understandings and reactions are no longer reliable. Even distinguishing between the significant and the insignificant in a given situation becomes difficult, if not impossible.

【译文】

当一个人从一种文化迁移到另一种文化时，会发现许多他曾用来解释周围人们行为的方法突然不再灵验。同时也会发现他曾用来影响人们的方法或处理事情的策略不再有效。曾有助于他理解事情并对事物做出反应的种种设想也不再可靠。甚至对事物在某一情景中的重要性的判断也变得十分困难，也许丧失了这种判断力。

This sudden psychological transition from competent adult to ineffective child inevitably results in

the seriou s impact of the individual’s feelings of selfworth. He experiences feelings of frustration

and helplessness. In short, he experiences culture shock.

这种突然的心理转变，使一个心理健全的成年人变成一个无知的小孩，必然会对个人的自尊心产生严重的影响。使人感到灰心无助。说到底，这就是在经受文化冲击的洗礼。

6 Culture shock is the result of the removal of the familiar. Suddenly the individual is faced with

the necessity of working, commuting, studying, eating, shopping, relaxing, even sleeping, in an

unfamiliar environment organized according to unknown rules. In mild form, culture shock shows

itself in symptoms of fatigue, irritability and impatience. Being unable to interpret the situations in which they find themselves, people often believe they are being deliberately deceived or exploited by host-country nationals.

人们离开了所熟悉的一切，就会经历文化冲击。一个人突然置身于一个陌生的环境，

所面对的工作、学习、旅行、饮食、购物、休闲以及睡眠等活动都会变得无所适从。轻微的

文化冲击表现为疲倦，易怒和急躁。由于不能理解所面临的情形，人们经常认为所在国的当地人在有意欺骗或利用他们。

They tend to perceive rudeness where none is intended. Their efficiency and flexibility is often impaired and both work and family suffer. Some people may respond by developing negative stereotypes of the host culture, by refusing to learn the language and by mixing exclusively with people of their own cultural background. In extreme cases, rejection may be so complete that the individual returns

immediately to their own culture, regardless of the cost in social, economic or personal terms. Alternatively, people may retreat into their own private world, either mentally or physically.

他们总觉得没得到应有的礼遇。其实，没有人故意这样做。一旦效率和适应性遭到削弱，他们的工作和生活都会受到较大的影响。因而有些人可能还会对所在国的文化产生偏见，拒绝学习其语言。他们的交往也仅仅限于那些来自本族文化的同胞。但对于那些经历极端文化冲击的人来讲，他们会完全拒绝新文化。不顾社会，经济或个人方面所付出的代价，固守自己的原有文化。甚至他们还可能从精神上或身体上与世隔绝，退缩到自己的个人世界里。

Physical symptoms of culture shock may include headaches, stomachaches, constant fatigue, difficulty in sleeping and a general feeling of uneasiness. Unfortunately, many doctors are unfamiliar with culture shock and attempt to treat the symptoms rather than the cause.

文化冲击的影响在身体方面的症状表现为头痛，胃痛，持续疲倦，失眠以及身体不适。遗憾的是，许多医生对文化冲击知之甚少，只能对病症治疗而不究其病因

The important thing to recognize about culture shock is that it is universal. It is experienced to a

greater or lesser degree by all those who move from one culture to another. Experiencing culture

shock does not mean that an individual is inflexible or unadaptable. It does mean that recognition

of its inevitability can lead to the development of steps to reduce its impact.

文化冲击现象相当普遍，只有认识了这一点，才能真正理解文化冲击。几乎所有从一种文化迁移到另一种文化的人都或多或少地经历过文化冲击。人们经历文化冲击并不意味着他们顽固不化或适应能力差。然而，只有明白了文化冲击是不可避免的，人们才能设法减少其负面影响。

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