英汉委婉语的语用功能对比分析

XXXXXX学院专科生毕业报告论文题目：Comparative Analysis of Pragmatic Function BetweenEnglish and Chinese Euphemism英汉委婉语的语用功能对比分析姓名：指导教师：专业：年级：类别：分院：完成时间：AbstractEuphemism, cosmetic words, is not only a lingual phenomenon, but also a cultural and social phenomenon. It is like a mirror, reflecting the values, aesthetic conceptions and moral concepts in some extent. Euphemism plays an important part in social communication. It is like lube that avoids hurting the other party’s feeling. It oils the human relationship in communication and helps to save face of communicators. If people make full use of euphemism, it can accelerate and facilitate human communication. This paper elaborates on the features and social functions of euphemism. And it focuses on the relationships between its polite functions and Politeness Principle.As an important rhetoric means to harmonize interpersonal relationships, euphemisms are widely used in both Chinese and English verbal communication. However, in different context, euphemisms perform different pragmatic functions. Based on different pragmatic functions of euphemisms, this article aims to discuss the similarities and differences of Chinese and English euphemisms.This thesis is composed of six parts with Chapter Four and Five as its core: The first chapter focuses on the origin and definitions of euphemism. The second chapter discusses the features of euphemism in many ways. The third chapter talks about the social functions of euphemism from the angle of pragmatics. The fourth chapter forms the basis of the whole research by connecting euphemism with politeness and face-saving theory. The fifth chapter centers on euphemism and Politeness Principle. The last chapter concludes the whole thesis. Appropriate use of English euphemism can contribute a lot to successful message exchange.【Key Words】euphemism, pragmatic functions, verbal communication摘要委婉语是一种语言现象，一种文化现象，更是一种社会现象，在一定程度上，它反映了社会的价值观，审美观和美德观。

委婉语在社会交际中发挥着重要作用。

日常的约定俗成的委婉语能起润滑剂的作用，通过委婉语，可以避免语言过于直露而给对方造成伤害。

它是语言使用中人们用来协调人际关系的有效润滑剂，是保全交际各方面子的重要手段。

很多中外学者曾从不同的角度对英语委婉语进行了长期的研究并取得了可喜的成果。

本文主要研讨了委婉语的特点，社会功用，并从语用学的角度分析了委婉语的社会功用，礼貌原则及面子问题。

委婉语作为一种重要的修辞和表达手段，在英语和汉语语言交际中使用非常频繁。

委婉语在日常交际中具有不同的语用功能。

本文拟从委婉语的语用功能角度，对比分析英汉委婉语的异同。

本文分为六个部分。

第四和第五章是文章的重点。

第一章主要探讨了委婉语的定义及起源。

第二章从很多方面概括了委婉语的特点。

第三章从语用的角度分析了委婉语的社会功用。

第四章把委婉语与礼貌，面子保全论联系在一起，是本文的核心。

第五章侧重于委婉语貌与礼貌原则的关系。

本文的实践意义在于其分析结论有助于保证信息传递的顺利进行并促进人们的日常交流。

关键词：委婉语，语用功能，口语交流Contents1.Introduction12.Definition of euphemism23.The structure of the euphemism principle3 3.1 Distance principle and Relevant principles 33.1.1Distance principle 33.1.2 Relevant principles 4 3.2 Politeness principle and self protection principle 43.2.1 Politeness principle 43.2.2 Leech's self protection principle 54. The formation of English euphemisms7 4.1 Phonetic devices 74.2 V ocabulary devices 74.2.1 Loan words 74.2.2 Using uplifting words 74.2.3 Using vague words or expressions 74.2.4 Using country names 84.3Grammatical devices 84.3.1 Using the past tense 94.3.2 Using the subjunctive mood 94.3.3 Using the passive voice 94.3.4Using parentheses 104.3.5Using “please”104.3.6 Using tag questions 105. Pragmatic function11 5.1Taboo function 11 5.2Covering up function 125.3Polite function 136. Conclusion147. Bibliography15IntroductionIn current china, English has attracted people’s great attention. The classroom teaching has paid more attention to the communicative ability than the knowledge. The English that most students learnt is “mute English”. In our country, many English learners are only “coping examination”, but not see it as a tool for communication. Most of their communication ability is low, which is the actual truth. In the “spoon-feed” classroom, many students only listen to the teacher, but have no opportunities to open their mouths, or students only follow their teacher, but have no interaction. These problems make the students lose their interest and enthusiasm of learning English. Hence, the classroom loses the active atmosphere and, at last, is not benefit for fostering the students’ oral English.1.Definition and theoretical basis of interaction1.1 Definition of interaction“Interaction is the collaborative exchange of thought, feelings or i deas between two or more people resulting in a reciprocal effect each other.”[1] By classroom interaction, we do not just mean verbal exchange such as question answers between the teacher and the students in class. Interaction takes various forms. For example, the teacher asks a student a question and the student responds to it. That’s teacher-student interaction. In a discussion or group work, the student learns from other students, shares other students’ opinions, that’s student-student interaction or peer interaction. Besides verbal communication, nonverbal communication, the sending and receiving of non-language cues indicating attitude and feeling, also plays an important part in classroom interaction. This refers to gestures, facial expressions, bodily postures, eye contact etc. For example, interaction occurs when the teacher faces the students, furrows his brow, nods his head, droops his hand or body or winks his eyes.1.2Theoretical basis of interactionWith the boosting communication between every country's politics economics and culture, the foreign language social intercourse ability seems to be more important. We know the main purpose of the foreign language teaching lies in developing and helping students to acquire intercourse ability. The interactive type social intercourse teaching method with Widows as the representative is becoming a new hot topic of the foreign language teaching method in recent years. The theories foundation of the social intercourse teaching method includes the language social intercourse theories and learning theories.The learning theories include: (1) social intercourse principle, truly involves the activity of the social intercourse, raising the study efficiency; (2) mission principle: language is for the activity of the completion of mission, raising the study efficiency; (3) meaning principle: Learners' interested language materials speed a learning process. According to the following theories, the foreign language classroom should be the field filled with “communication”; the language becomes the social intercourse means, i.e. “Learn with the language”. Theknowledge and the social intercourse ability acquired depend on hearing, saying, reading, writing and translating. So, we say to train a student the social intercourse ability, actually to want to train a student to hear, say, read, write and translate etc. Interaction is a process of interacting the ideas and emotion, handing over the information and affecting each other. At present, the core of popular intercourse English teaching theories lies on a point that the intercourse ability cultivating should comply with the principle of "interaction". The process of the language social intercourse is actually the process of information exchange. The classroom is a place that students communicate with the language they have learned. So the teaching should be interactive. Under the direction of interactive teaching method, the traditional teaching in the center of teachers should turn to the students, obeying the way of learning and practice and cultivating the students' intercourse ability through the activities of heuristic language input and practice.1.3Some main interactive modes in the present classroomOn account of the spoon-feed English teaching in China, the teacher is the lord in classroom. The teacher’s explanation takes the most time of the classroom. So the teacher cannot afford the sufficient opportunities to practice for students. The students become the negative acceptors in the teaching process. Because of lacking of practice, their ability of using the language is so bad. Thus, they face kinds of difficulties in actual intercourse. College English Teaching Syllabus published by the Ministry of Education recently requires the students should have the ability of “communicating information in English” but not the traditional ability of “getting the information in English”. Communicating information is a kind of social intercourse activity. It involves both sides many factors of social intercourses. A key factor is language intercourse. This explains that the social intercourse ability should be enhanced. If wanting to train the student's English exchange ability, we have to adopt efficient classroom teaching method and adopt teacher-student interaction in student-centered intercourse activities, and enhance college English classroom teaching.。