非谓语—不定式

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非谓语不定式的6种形式

非谓语不定式的6种形式

非谓语不定式的6种形式非谓语不定式是英语语法中重要的一个部分,它可以起到多种不同的作用,并且有6种不同的形式。

在学习英语的过程中,掌握非谓语不定式的用法和形式是非常重要的,因为它们常常出现在口语和写作中,增加了句子的丰富性和表达能力。

第一种形式:不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常用于表达某件事情的意图、计划或愿望等。

例如:To learn a new language is my goal.这句话中,不定式“to learn a new language”作主语,表示学习一门新语言是我的目标。

第二种形式:不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,常用于指代动词的动作或意义。

例如:I want to buy a new car.这句话中,不定式“to buy a new car”作宾语,表示想要买一辆新车。

第三种形式:不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常用于描述主语的状态或特征等。

例如:My ambition is to become an astronaut.这句话中,不定式“to become an astronaut”作表语,表示我的抱负是成为一名宇航员。

第四种形式:不定式作定语不定式作定语时,常用于修饰名词或代词。

例如:The best way to learn English is to practice every day.这句话中,不定式“to learn English”作定语,表示学英语的最佳方式是每天练习。

第五种形式:不定式作状语不定式作状语时,常用于修饰动词、形容词或副词等。

例如:I woke up early to catch the first train.这句话中,不定式“to catch the first train”作状语,表示我早起为了赶第一班火车。

第六种形式:不定式作补语不定式作补语时,常用于补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或情况等。

例如:She was happy to see her old friends again.这句话中,不定式“to see her old friends again”作补语,表示她见到老朋友很高兴。

非谓语动词之不定式

非谓语动词之不定式

非谓语动词:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词,也叫作动词的非限定形式。

非谓语动词在句中不可单独做谓语,不受主语人称和数的限制。

它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。

非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词、分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式的一般式:表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时发生或者在其后发生。

How I wish to travel around the world. 我多么希望能够周游世界。

The shop expects to make a small profit this year. 这家店铺期望今年能够赚点钱。

不定式的进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词动作同时发生。

Don’t pretend to be working hard. 不要假装努力工作。

不定式的完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. 真对不起,给你带来这么多麻烦。

不定式的完成进行式:表示在谓语动词动作之前一直在进行的动作。

Robin is known to have been studying aboard for a while, but we don’t know which country.我们知道罗宾在国外学习了一段时间了,但是不知道在哪个国家。

不定式的被动形式:当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。

不定式被动语态的一般式通常表示将来的动作。

All the work required to be completed next week. 所有的工作要求下周完成。

不定式被动语态的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

The window glass is supposed to have been broken by Alva. 可能是阿尔瓦打碎了窗户玻璃。

不定式的否定形式:由not或者never加不定式构成。

非谓语动词-不定式的用法

非谓语动词-不定式的用法

非谓语动词—不定式的用法不定式具有名词的特征,可在句中充当主语。

a. 不定式短语在句首做主语:例如:To say is one thing, to do is another .b. 用it做形式主语:例如:It is difficult to get so much money in such a short time.动名词doing 也可以做主语,但和不定式做主语主要有如下两个方面的区别:1.动名词做主语泛指意义较强;而不定式结构做主语多指具体的一次性动作。

例如:Reading novels is an enjoyment.To read this novel is an enjoyment.2.若叙述已经发生的事情多用动名词做主语;而叙述未发生的事情多用不定式做主语。

例如:Hosting the Olympics in 2000 has made Sydney better-known in the world..To host the Olympics in 2008 will make Beijing better-known in the world.需要注意的是有些时候不强调上面的区别,而强调表达前后的一致性,这在做题时需要灵活掌握和运用。

例如:眼见为实有两种表达方式,在含义上没有什么区别,只需注意前后的一致性。

Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.不定式做状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。

目的状语:“为了…”I’m saving up to buy a computer.To buy a computer, I’m savi ng up.另外,in order to 和so as to 也可以表示目的状语。

只是so as to 不可以用于句首。

如果使用否定式,则not一律放在to的前面。

例如:I wrote down his phone number in order not to /so as not to forget it.结果状语:He rushed to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.He opened his eyes only to find the world around him changed.We waited three hours only to be told to come again the next day.He lifted a stone only to have it dropped on his own feet.以上四个例句都是only to do 做结果状语,表示吃惊或失望。

非谓语动词——不定式

非谓语动词——不定式

非谓语动词——不定式非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。

它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。

注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。

II.基本知识一、不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。

有时可以不带to。

动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用,可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但是有时态和语态的变化。

常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例),不及物动词没有被动语态。

1. 不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。

当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。

e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式.eg. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法:1. 动词不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

非谓语--不定式

非谓语--不定式
(2)表示主语的内容,但侧重于目的性Her wishes was to become an artist.
(3)表示情态意义(应该,必须)The form is to be filled in and returned within a week.
She is to blame.
注意:当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。
(2)表原本打算做,但未能实现的事
I meant to have invited you to my house yesterday.
They planned to have been married in May but had to put it off till June.
Iwould like to have gone to the party, but I was too busy.
This job is hard to do.He is not easy to convince.他不容易被说服
(二)不定式的句法功能
具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.
1.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性
①To talk with youis a great pleasure.
【导学流程】
先独立完成提纲、标注疑惑,再查询资料。
一.了解感知
1.概念:
实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi)run sing learn say write
谓语动词连系动词am is are was were look sound seem get turn
助动词do does did have has will
I noticed tears come into his eyes.

非谓语动词—不定式(英语语法课件)

非谓语动词—不定式(英语语法课件)

宾语
5. She works hard to enter the university.
状语
6. Her dream to enter the university has been realized. 定语
7. Her mother wants her to enter the universier the university is her dream.
主语
2. It is her dream to enter the university.
主语
3. Her dream is to enter the university.
表语
4. She dreams to enter the university.
进行式 (to be doing)
完成进行式 (to have been doing)
“态”的变化
主动语态 (to do) 被动语态 (to be done)
“体”的形态变化
01 一般式(to do) 表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
目录
1 不定式的定义 2 不定式的结构形式 3 不定式的语法功能
一、不定式的意义
1. 不指示人称、 数量、时态的一 种形式。
2. 动词不被限定, 或者说不被词性变 化所局限,属于非 谓语动词形式。
二、不定式的结构形式
形式变化
形态 一般式 (to do)
完成式(to have done) “体”的变化
02 完成式 (to have done) 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

非谓语动词1 --不定式

It is very kind of you to give me some help. = You are very kind to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. = You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.
(5) can’t help 后接动名词表示禁不住做某事, 接不定式表示不能帮助做某事.
如:He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了. The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold.这药不能帮你治好感冒.
句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + adj + for sb to do sth (是形容事物的性质的 ) It is + adj + of sb to do sth (是形容人的品质的 )
It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.
2). 接动名词做宾语 常见动词有:
Do you mind passing me that dictionary? He admitted having broken the window.
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)

非谓语动词-不定式


被动句里,主语补足语要还原to
She is often seen to walk to school by herself. 人们经常看到她独自步行上学。
The workers are made to work extra hours everyday. 工人们被迫每天加班。 但是:
Let the girl try it again.
很抱歉让你久等了。
They seemed to be discussing something important.
他们似乎在讨论一些重要的事情。
作补语
形容词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词都可以做宾语补足语。 在被动句里,原来的宾语成了主语,补足语就成了主语补足语。 My parents allowed us to play in the stream. 我父母允许我们在小溪里玩耍。 We were not allowed to play in the stream. 我们不能在小溪里玩耍。 We would like you to come to our party. 我们希望你来参加我们的聚会。 I didn't expect there to be so many people in the market. 我没想到市场里会有这么多人。
作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: The next thing to do is to find a hotel.接下来要做的就是找到一家旅馆。 1. 动宾关系: I have a meeting to attend. 2. 主谓关系: (be the first/second/last…to do)He is the first one to come. 3. 同位关系(说明所修饰名词的内容)we all have a chance to go to college. 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,要有相应的介词 He found a good house to live in. Please give me a pen to write with. 但如果不定式修饰的是time, place, way等就可以省略介词 He has no place to live. Something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语 Do you have anything to read? 不定式短语作定语是一个难点,请注意不定式和被修饰词之间的关系: (1)表示将来的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态;如 只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态。

非谓语动词-不定式

非谓语动词-不定式一.动词不定式:不定式具有n 、adj、adv的特征,可作除谓语外任何句子成分。

否定式:not to do .(一)主动被动一般式:to do to be done进行式:to be doing /完成式:to have done to have been done完成进行式:to have been doing /例句:1. He seems to know a lot. (to do所表动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生)2. The boy pretended to be working hard. (谓语动词所表示的动作发生时,to be doing所表动作正在发生)3. I happened to have seen the film.(to have done所表动作发生在谓语动词或特定时间之前)4. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.(to have been doing所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前一直在进行)(二)不定式的句法功能:1. 作主语:常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,多表具体动作,尤指某一次动作。

常用句式有:1) It+be+名词+to do2) It takes sb.+some time+to do3) It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do2. 作表语:具体指某次动作:Your task today is to wash the curtains .3. 作宾语:1) 多为固定搭配:给予、买得起试图、尝试管理、处理假装敢于计划希望意图、打算同意拒绝期望承诺、答应需要教授帮助安排决定失败提供准备选择2) make up one’s mind to dowould like / love to dowould prefer to do ...3) 形式宾语:如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,常见词:+ it +宾补+ to do .Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.to do前有时可与疑问词连用:He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4) 句型:过去常做不得不做应该做愿意做准备、愿意做be sure / glad / happy / afraid +to do be sorry / anxious / eager +to do5) 省略to 的句型:为什么不做?不能做只能做最好做宁愿做而不做4. 作补语:1) 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want wishasktellorder beg permit help advise persuade allowpreparecauseforcecall onwait forinviteencourageexpectforbidgetintendlikelovepreferremindrequireteachwarndepend on此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.2) 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to (主动省略to 被动还原to):I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.※五看:三让:二听:一感觉:3) 作主语补足语的句型:said reportedsb + be believed considered + to be doneknown found to have been donesupposed thoughtIt is said that he has gone abroad .= He is said to have gone abroad .He was later discovered to have been a spy.4)thinkconsiderbelievesupposefeel ...+ to be 作宾语补足语或主语补足语findimagineproveappointjudge 例:People considered him to be a great leader .He imagines himself to be an able man .5. 作定语:1) 若不定式所修饰词是不定式的地点、工具,不定式后要有相应介词:He didn’t have a house to live in . 若修饰的词为:time、way、place,不定式后省略介词: He didn’t have place to live .2) 若不定式作定语与所修饰词形成被动关系(动宾关系),可用to do 也可用to be done :Have you got anything to send ? (执行者为句子主语)to be sent ? (执行者是其他人)3) 用不定式作定语的情况:①表将来:The car to be bought is for his sister .②修饰被序数词、最高级或no ,all ,any 限定的中心词且为主动关系:He was the best man to do the job .③用来修饰抽象名词:能力机会主意事实借口承诺答案回复企图信仰方式理由时刻时光☆某些名词的同根词常跟to do ,因而也跟to do ,如:计划提议决定拒绝失败警告焦虑渴望愿望准备就绪例:我没有去观光的机会我不相信他会来访的承诺他没有去那里的计划他没有计划去那里6.作状语:1) 目的状语:He worked day and night to get the money. 若强调目的性,也可加in order to (可在句首)/ so as to(只在句中),此两结构在剧中时,不用都好隔开。

(完整版)非谓语动词——不定式讲解与练习

非谓语动词的类型:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)、分词(participle)一、Infinitive: 不定式(一)Structure 结构:to doNegative 否定:not to doPassive voice 被动:to be done(二)在句中作的成分:6个——主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语1. 作主语Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。

It is adj. (for /of sb) to do sth.It is a pleasure/ an honor/ a pity to doIt takes/ took/ will take (sb) time to do2.表语PredicativeTo see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.宾语object下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。

decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外,afford, strive(斗争)等也要用不定式作宾语注意:think / consider/ find/ make/ feel + it (形式宾语) + adj. + to do 4.宾补Complementadvise, allow, ask, require, tell, order, want, persuade,beg, cause, encourage, expect, wish, forbid, permit, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, prefer, teach, warn, 等+ sb to do注意:当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:吾看三室两厅一感觉:五看(watch、see、look at、notice、observe), 三使(let、make、have),两听(listen to、hear),一感觉(feel)以上动词(除了let、make)还可用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

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2. 作表语: e.g.: Her job is to clean the hall. 3. 作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:afford 负担得起 / arrange 安排 / ask 要求 / care 想要 / choose 决定 / decide 决定 / demand 要求 / determine 决心 / expect 期待,预计 / help 帮助 / hesitate 犹豫 / hope 希望 / long 渴望 / manage 渴望设法 / offer 主动提出 / plan 计划 / prepare 准备 / pretend 假装 / promise 答应 / refuse 拒绝 / want 想要 / wish 希望,等。 特别提醒: A. 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语 (不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面:
A. Looking
C. Being looked
B. looked
D. to look
4. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ______ the spoilt ones.
A. not counting B. C. don't count B. not to count D. having not counted
2. It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young. A. being B. would be C. be D. to be
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3. ________at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.
完成进行式
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1. 一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在 谓语动词动作之后; e.g.: I’m very glad to meet you here. I desire to go there. 2. 进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生(并强调同 时发生); e.g.: The boy pretended to be working hard.
3. 完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 e.g.: I regretted to have told a lie.
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特别提醒: A. 不定式的完成式可用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态,也可用来表示 过去没有实现的愿望、期待、计划或与过去事实相反的愿望、期待、计划等。 当用来表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待、计划或与过去事实相反的愿望、期待、 计划时,常用在以下动词的一般过去时后:intended, hoped, wanted, expected, meant, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等。
collection ______to the nation.
A. has left
C. leaves
B. is to leave
D. is to be left
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《目前世界对英语的狂热》9Fra bibliotek随堂练习:
1. Linda was _________the experiment a month but she changed her mind at the last minute.
A. to start C. to be starting B. to have started D. to have been starting
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e.g.: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. (省to的不定式) They would like to help the farmers to plough the fields than to get in their crops. 他们除了帮助农民们收割庄稼外还帮助农民们犁田。 (注意:如上述例子,当这三个介词的动词前是do的,介词后用不带to的 不定式;否则,用带to的不定式。)
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C. 不定式的主动形式可以表示被动意义: 在“名词/代词+be+ adj.(easy, difficult, fit, etc. )+ 不定式”结构中。 e.g.: That book is hard to understand. 二、 不定式的句法功能: 1. 作主语: e.g.: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 特别提醒: 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后, 例如上面的句子可用如下形式 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
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二、 不定式的特殊句型:such as to…, such…as to…, so…as to…
两者都表示程度,意为“如此…以至于…”。such as to…与such…as to… 修饰名词;so…as to…修饰形容词。 e.g.: The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼, 但还不至于不能行走. It was such a story as to amuse everyone in the room. 这个笑话很好笑,(以至于)房间里的人都被逗乐了。 The movie is so moving as to make everyone in the room shed tears
e.g.: He intended to have finished the work earlier. 他原本打算早点完成工作的。(言下之意是:没有达到这一目标。)
B. 在should/would like, should/would have liked后,可用不定式的完成式 表示没有实现的愿望;
目录
1、自我介绍 2、非谓语—不定式 4、随堂练习 5、视频
非谓语动词考点一:不定式
☞ 重点语法小结: 一、 不定式的时态和语态
时态 态 一般式 进行式

主动语态 to do to be doing
被动语态
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been doing
to have been done
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用, 但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to: e.g.: I saw him cross the road. = He was seen to cross the road.
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4. 作定语: 动词不定式作后置定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后: e.g.: I have a meeting to attend. They are the first to get here. 5. 作状语: 1) 表目的: e.g.: He worked day and night to get the money. 2) 表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果): e.g.: He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
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5. The ancient Egyptians are supposed ______rockets to the moon. A. to send B. to be sending
C. to have sent sending
D. to have been
6. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his
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