金融工程学理论与实务课本习题答案
金融工程习题及答案

金融工程习题及答案《金融工程学》思考与练习题第一章金融工程概述1.金融工程的含义是什么?2.金融工程中的市场如何分类?3.金融工程中的无套利分析方法?举例说明。
4.金融工程中的组合分解技术的含义是什么?举例说明。
5.远期利率与即期利率的关系如何确定。
推导远期利率与即期利率的关系。
6.假定在外汇市场和货币市场有如下行情,分析市场是否存在套利机会。
如何套利?如何消除套利?第二章现货工具及其应用1.举例说明商品市场与货币市场如何配置?2.商品市场与外汇市场的现货工具如何配置?举例说明。
3.举一个同一个金融市场中现货工具配置的例子。
4.举例说明多重现货市场之间的工具配置。
第三章远期工具及其应用1.什么是远期交易?远期交易的基本要素有哪些?2.多头与空头交易策略的含义是什么?3.什么是远期利率?4.举例说明“借入长期,贷出短期”与“借入短期,贷出长期”策略的含义。
5.何谓远期利率协议?其主要功能是什么?描述其交易时间流程。
6.在远期利率协议的结算中,利率上涨或下跌对借款方和贷款方的影响如何?7.什么情况下利用购入远期利率协议进行保值?什么情况下利用卖出远期利率协议进行保值?8.远期合约的价格与远期价格的含义是什么?如果远期价格偏高或偏低,市场会出现什么情况?9.远期价格和未来即期价格的关系是什么?10.在下列三种情况下如何计算远期价格?11.合约期间无现金流的投资类资产12.合约期间有固定现金流的投资类资产13.合约期间按固定收益率发生现金流的投资类资产14.一客户要求银行提供500万元的贷款,期限半年,并且从第6个月之后开始执行,该客户要求银行确定这笔贷款的固定利率,银行应如何操作?目前银行的4月期贷款利率为9.50%,12月期贷款利率为9.80%。
15.假设某投资者现在以20美元的现价购买某只股票,同时签订一个半年后出售该股票的远期合约,在该期间不分红利,试确定该远期合约的价格。
假定无风险利率为7.5%。
最全金融工程习题及答案

最全金融工程习题及答案二.习题1、假定外汇市场美元兑换马克的即期汇率是1美元换1.8马克,美元利率是8%,马克利率是4%,试问一年后远期无套利的均衡利率是多少?2、银行希望在6个月后对客户提供一笔6个月的远期贷款。
银行发现金融市场上即期利率水平是:6个月利率为9.5%,12个月利率为9.875%,按照无套利定价思想,银行为这笔远期贷款索要的利率是多少?3、假如英镑与美元的即期汇率是1英镑=1.6650美元,远期汇率是1英镑=1.6600美元,6个月期美远与英镑的无风险年利率分别是6%和8%,问是否存在无风险套利机会?如存在,如何套利?4、一只股票现在价格是40元,该股票一个月后价格将是42元或者38元。
假如无风险利率是8%,用无风险套利原则说明,执行价格为39元的一个月期欧式看涨期权的价值是多少?5、条件同题4,试用风险中性定价法计算题4中看涨期权的价值,并比较两种计算结果。
6、一只股票现在的价格是50元,预计6个月后涨到55元或是下降到45元。
运用无套利定价原理,求执行价格为50元的欧式看跌期权的价值。
7、一只股票现在价格是100元。
有连续两个时间步,每个步长6个月,每个单步二叉树预期上涨10%,或下跌10%,无风险利率8%(连续复利),运用无套利原则求执行价格为100元的看涨期权的价值。
8、假设市场上股票价格S=20元,执行价格X=18元,r=10%,T=1年。
如果市场报价欧式看涨期权的价格是3元,试问存在无风险的套利机会吗?如果有,如何套利?9、股票当前的价格是100元,以该价格作为执行价格的看涨期权和看跌期权的价格分别是3元和7元。
如果买入看涨期权、卖出看跌期权,再购入到期日价值为100 的无风险债券,则我们就复制了该股票的价值特征(可以叫做合成股票)。
试问无风险债券的投资成本是多少?如果偏离了这个价格,市场会发生怎样的套利行为?习题解答:1、按照式子:(1+8%)美元=1.8×(1+4%)马克,得到1美元=1.7333马克。
金融工程课后题答案

第一章 9 10000 × e( 5%×4.82 ) = 12725.21 元第二章 6如果交易双方都是开立一份新的合约,则未平仓数增加一份;如果交易双方都是结清已有的期货头寸,则未平仓数减少一份;如果一方是开立一份新的合约,而另一方是结清已有的期货头寸,则未平仓数不变。
第三章 3指数期货价格= 10000e ^(0.1- 0.03)× 4/12= 10236点6 由于股价指数的系统性风险为正,其预期收益率大于无风险利率,因此股价指数期货价格 F = Se^r (T -t ) 总是低于未来预期指数值 E ( St ) = Se ^y (T -t ) 。
第四章 3这一观点是不正确的。
例如,最小方差套期保值比率为时, n =1。
因为ρ <1,所以不是完美的套期保值。
4 完美的套期保值是指能够完全消除价格风险的套期保值。
完美的套期保值能比不完美的套期保值得到更为确定的套期保值收益,但其结果并不一定会总比不完美的套期保值好。
例如,一家公司对其持有的一项资产进行套期保值,假设资产的价格呈现上升趋势。
此时,完美的套期保值完全抵消了现货市场上资产价格上升所带来的收益;而不完美的套期保值有可能仅仅部分抵消了现货市场上的收益,所以不完美的套期保值有可能产生更好的结果。
6 期货交易为套保者提供了风险规避的手段,然而,这种规避仅仅是对风险进行转移,而无法消灭风险。
正是由于投机者的存在,才为套保者提供了风险转移的载体,才为期货市场提供了充分的流动性。
一旦市场上没有了投机者,套保者将很难找到交易对手,风险无法转嫁,市场的流动性将大打折扣。
第五章 1该公司应卖空的标准普尔 500 指数期货合约份数为: 1.2 × 10, 000, 000/ 250 ×1530≈ 31份4 .欧洲美元期货的报价为 88 意味着贴现率为 12%,60 天后三个月期的 LIBOR 远期利率为 12%/4=3%62003 年 1 月 27 日到 2003 年 5 月 5 日的时间为 98 天。
金融工程学试题及答案

金融工程学试题及答案一、单项选择题(每题 2 分,共 10 题)1. 金融工程学的核心是:A. 金融产品的设计B. 金融风险的管理C. 金融工具的定价D. 金融市场的监管答案:B2. 以下哪项不是金融衍生品?A. 期货B. 期权C. 股票D. 掉期答案:C3. 金融工程中的套期保值策略主要目的是:A. 投机B. 套利C. 风险管理D. 资本增值答案:C4. 以下哪个模型不是用于期权定价的?A. 布莱克-舒尔斯模型B. 二叉树模型C. 资本资产定价模型D. 蒙特卡洛模拟答案:C5. 以下哪个不是金融市场的基本功能?A. 资本分配B. 风险管理C. 价格发现D. 产品制造答案:D6. 以下哪个不是金融工程中的风险类型?A. 市场风险B. 信用风险C. 操作风险D. 制造风险答案:D7. 金融工程中,以下哪个不是常见的金融工具?A. 债券B. 股票C. 远期合约D. 保险单答案:D8. 以下哪个不是金融工程中的风险管理工具?A. 期货合约B. 期权合约C. 掉期合约D. 定期存款答案:D9. 金融工程学中,以下哪个不是资产定价模型?A. 资本资产定价模型(CAPM)B. 套利定价理论(APT)C. 有效市场假说(EMH)D. 布莱克-舒尔斯模型答案:C10. 以下哪个不是金融工程中的投资策略?A. 对冲B. 套利C. 投机D. 储蓄答案:D二、多项选择题(每题 2 分,共 10 题)1. 金融工程可以应用在以下哪些领域?A. 投资银行B. 资产管理C. 风险管理D. 个人理财答案:ABCD2. 以下哪些是金融衍生品的主要类型?A. 期货B. 期权C. 掉期D. 债券答案:ABC3. 金融工程中的风险管理包括哪些策略?A. 对冲B. 套利C. 分散化D. 保险答案:ACD4. 以下哪些是金融工程中常用的定价模型?A. 布莱克-舒尔斯模型B. 二叉树模型C. 蒙特卡洛模拟D. 资本资产定价模型答案:ABC5. 金融市场的基本功能包括哪些?A. 资本分配B. 风险管理C. 价格发现D. 信息传递答案:ABCD6. 金融工程中的风险类型包括哪些?A. 市场风险B. 信用风险C. 流动性风险D. 法律风险答案:ABCD7. 金融工程中常见的金融工具包括哪些?A. 债券B. 股票C. 远期合约D. 掉期合约答案:ABCD8. 金融工程中的风险管理工具包括哪些?A. 期货合约B. 期权合约C. 掉期合约D. 保险合约答案:ABCD9. 金融工程中的资产定价模型包括哪些?A. 资本资产定价模型(CAPM)B. 套利定价理论(APT)C. 布莱克-舒尔斯模型D. 有效市场假说(EMH)答案:ABC10. 金融工程中的投资策略包括哪些?A. 对冲B. 套利C. 投机D. 价值投资答案:ABCD三、判断题(每题 2 分,共 10 题)1. 金融工程学是一门应用数学、统计学和计算机科学于金融市场的学科。
国际金融理论与实务第版孟昊郭红刘德光课后习题答案

国际金融课后复习题答案第一章参考答案一、填空题1、外汇;收支交易;广义;2、流量;3、账户分类;复式记账;4、自主性交易;5、外汇缓冲政策;财政货币政策;汇率政策;6、价格-铸币流动机制;弹性分析法;乘数分析法;吸收分析法;货币分析法..二、不定项选择题1、C;2、D;3、B;4、ABCD;5、ABCD;6、C;7、AB;8、D;9、ABC;10、ABCD三、判断分析题1、×国际收支是一个流量概念..2、×本国居民为外国人提供劳务运输、保险、旅游等或从外国取得投资及其他收入;记入贷方项目;外国人为本国居民提供劳务或从本国取得收入;记入借方项目..3、×在纸币流通条件下;虽然黄金流动对于国际收支的平衡发挥的作用已经不复存在;但国际收支的自动调节机制仍然可以通过价格、汇率、利率、收入等经济变量发挥作用..4、√5、√四、名词解释略;参考教材..五、简答题1、一国的国际收支是否平衡;关键是看自主性交易所产生的借贷金额是否相等..如果补偿性交易项下出现借方余额;说明自主性交易存在贷方余额;就可以说国际收支为盈余..如果补偿性交易项下出现贷方余额;说明自主性交易存在借方余额;就可认为国际收支出现赤字..而无论盈余还是赤字;都是国际收支失衡的表现..2、国际收支不平衡的原因包括:1偶然性国际收支失衡;2周期性国际收支失衡;3结构性国际收支失衡;4货币性国际收支失衡;5收入性国际收支失衡;6其他原因..3、所谓国际收支自动调节机制;是指由国际收支失衡所引起的国内经济变量的变动对国际收支的反作用机制..这种机制的存在;使得国际收支失衡在不借助外在干预的情况下;也能够得到自动恢复;或者至少使失衡在一定程度上得到缓和..包括:1价格机制;2利率机制;3汇率机制;4收入机制..详见教材4、国际收支失衡的政策调节措施主要有:1外汇缓冲政策;2财政货币政策;3汇率政策;4直接管制以及国际经济合作..5、假定进出口商品供给具有完全的弹性;那么本币贬值后;只有当进口商品的需求弹性和出口商品的需求弹性之和大于1时;贸易收支才能得以改善..第二章参考答案一、填空题1、狭义的外汇;狭义静态;2、自由外汇;记账外汇;记账外汇;3、应付标价法;直接标价法;4、基础汇率;非关键货币;5、外汇供求关系;黄金输送点;6、货币论;资产组合分析法..二、不定项选择题1、D ;2、ABC;3、AB;4、ABCD;5、B;6、ABC;7、BCD;8、ABCD;9、C;10、A三、判断分析题1、√2、×记账外汇;也称双边外汇、清算外汇或协定外汇;它是两国政府间支付协定项下的只能用于双边清算的外汇;未经货币发行国批准;不能兑换为其他国家的货币;也不能支付给第三国..3、√4、×在直接标价法下;升水表示远期汇率比即期汇率便宜;贴水表示远期汇率比即期汇率贵;间接标价法下相反..5、√四、名词解释略;参考教材..五、简答题1、外汇有静态和动态之分;广义和狭义之分..我们常说的外汇主要是狭义的外汇;即以外币表示的可直接用于国际结算的支付手段;具体包括以外币表示的汇票、支票、本票和以银行存款形式存在的外汇;其中以银行存款形式存在的外汇是狭义外汇的主体..外汇的主要特征有:1国际性;2自由兑换性;3可偿付性..2、1直接标价法是以一定单位的外国货币为标准;计算应付多少单位本国货币的方法;也称应付标价法..2间接标价法是以一定单位的本国货币为标准;计算应收多少单位外国货币的方法;也称应收标价法..3美元标价法在外汇交易中如果涉及的两种货币都是外币;则很难用直接标价法或间接标价法来判断..我国采用的是直接标价法..3、由于一般国家都规定;不允许外币在本国流通;需要把买入的外币现钞运送到发行国或能流通的地区去;这就需要花费一定的运费和保险费;这些费用需要由客户承担..因此;银行在买入外币现钞时所使用的汇率稍低于其他外汇形式的买入汇率;而银行卖出外币现钞时使用的汇率与其他外汇形式的卖出汇率相同..4、采用直接标价法时;外币折合本币数额较少的那个汇率是买入汇率;外币折合本币数额较多的那个汇率是卖出汇率..而在间接标价法下则刚好相反;本国货币数额较多的那个汇率为买入汇率;本国货币数额较少的那个汇率为卖出汇率..5、1金币本位制度下汇率的决定基础是铸币平价..此时;流通中的货币是以一定重量和成色的黄金铸造而成的金币;各国货币的单位价值就是铸造该金币所耗用的实际黄金重量;两国货币单位的含金量之比就称为铸币平价..金块本位制度和金汇兑本位制度下汇率决定的基础是黄金平价..在这两种货币制度下;国家用法律规定货币的含金量;货币的发行以黄金或外汇作为准备金;并允许在一定限额以上与黄金、外汇兑换;各国货币的单位价值由法律所规定的含金量来决定..两国货币单位所代表的含金量之比就称为黄金平价..2纸币制度是在金本位制度崩溃之后产生的一种货币制度;纸币作为价值符号;是金属货币的取代物;在金属货币退出流通之后;执行流通手段和支付手段的职能..这种职能是各国政府以法令形式赋予并保证其实施的..①在布雷顿森林体系的固定汇率制度下;汇率决定的基础是基金平价..②在浮动汇率制度下;汇率决定的基础是购买力平价..所谓购买力平价;是指两国货币的汇率取决于它们的购买力之比..6、影响汇率波动的主要因素有:1国际收支状况——影响汇率的最直接因素;2经济增长——对汇率的影响是复杂的;3通货膨胀——决定汇率长期趋势中的主导因;4利率政策——在一定条件下对汇率的短期影响很大;5中央银行对外汇市场的干预——对汇率变动起着决定性的作用;6市场预期和投机因素——短期内对汇率变动起推波助澜的作用;7政治与突发因素——对汇率的影响是直接和迅速的.7、汇率波动对国内经济的影响主要体现在:1对国内物价的影响;2对国民收入和就业的影响;3对国内利率的影响;4对国际经济关系的影响..8、该理论的假设有两点与弹性分析法相同;即货币需求是稳定的、非抛补利率平价成立..但它同时也认为商品市场价格存在黏性;使其假设与货币模型也有两点不同:购买力平价在短期内不成立;总供给曲线在短期内不是垂直的;在不同时期有着不同的形状..在超调模型中;其他条件不变;当货币市场失衡货币供应量增加后;短期内由于黏性价格的存在;本国价格水平不变而利率水平下降;同时本币汇率的贬值程度会瞬时超过长期水平通常将该现象称为“汇率超调”..在经过一段时间的调整后;长期内的价格水平会缓慢上升;利率会逐渐恢复到以前的均衡水平;而汇率也会在过度贬值之后向其长期均衡水平趋近..第三章参考答案一、填空题1、汇率制度或汇率安排;2、基本固定;规定在一定幅度之内;外汇市场供求关系;3、单独浮动;联合浮动;钉住汇率制;弹性汇率制;联系汇率制;4、行政管理;数量管理;价格管理;5、经济指标..二、不定项选择题1、AB;2、ABCD;3、BD;4、B;5、A;6、AD;7、ABCD;8、A;9、ABC;10、AB三、判断分析题1、×指该国两个或两个以上的汇率;而非汇率制度;2、×目前实行浮动汇率制度的国家大都属于管理浮动汇率制;3、×此为间接汇率管制方式;4、√5、√四、名词解释略;见教材..五、简答题1、汇率制度又称汇率安排;是指一国货币当局对本国汇率变动的基本方式所作的一系列安排或规定..基本类别可三种:固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度、管理浮动汇率制度..2、按照政府是否对市场汇率进行干预;可将浮动汇率制分为自由浮动和管理浮动..3、浮动汇率制对经济影响分有利影响和不利影响:1有利影响:①自动调节国际收支;②防止外汇储备大量流失;③保证一国货币政策的独立性;④缓解国际游资的冲击;⑤避免国际性的通货膨胀传播..2不利影响:①不利于国际贸易和国际投资;②助长投机;加剧动荡;③具有通货膨胀倾向;④可能导致竞争性货币贬值;⑤国际协调困难;对发展中国家不利;4、外汇管理;是指一国为了平衡国际收支、维持汇率稳定以及集中外汇资金;通过法律、法令、条例等形式对外汇资金的收入和支出、外汇汇率、外汇市场以及外汇资金来源与运用所进行的干预和控制..外汇管理主要目标是维持本国国际收支的平衡;保持汇率的有秩序的安排;维持金融的稳定;抑制通货膨胀;提高本国在国际市场上的竞争能力和促进本国经济的发展..5、外汇管制的方法与措施包括:①对外汇资金收入的管制;②对外汇资金运用的管制;③对货币兑换的管制;④对黄金、现钞输出输入的管制;⑤对汇率的管制..6、各国中央银行建立外汇平准基金或外汇稳定基金进行公开市场操作;即利用基金进入外汇市场买卖外汇、本币或黄金;从而影响或调节外汇供求..第四章参考答案一、填空题1、有形市场;无形市场;有形市场;2、国际货币市场;1年;3、银行中长期信贷市场;国际债券市场;国际股票市场;国际证券市场;4、欧洲货币市场;境外美元;5、伦敦;纽约;东京..二、不定项选择题1、A;2、A;3、AC ;4、ABD;5、D;6、AB ;7、ABCD;8、CD;9、ABCD;10、ABC三、判断分析题1、×是指在货币发行国境外流通的货币..2、×指借款人在其本国以外的某一个国家发行的、以发行地所在国的货币为面值的债券..3、√4、×是指能够交易各种境外货币;既不受货币发行国政府法令管制;又不受市场所在国政府法令管制的金融市场5、√四、名词解释略;参见教材..五、简答题1、国际金融市场是指资金在国际间进行流动或金融产品在国际间进行买卖和交换的场所;由一切经营国际货币业务的金融机构所组成..广义国际金融市场是指在国际范围内进国际金融业务活动的场所或领域;不同的国际金融业务活动分别形成了国际资本市场、国际货币市场、外汇市场、黄金市场和金融衍生工具市场;狭义的国际金融市场是指在国际间经营借贷资本进行国际借贷活动的场所;包括长期和短期资金市场..国际金融市场包括有形市场和无形市场..有形市场作为国际性金融资产交易的场所;往往是国际性金融机构聚集的城市或地区;也称为国际金融中心..无形市场由各国经营国际金融业务的机构;如银行、非银行金融机构或跨国公司构成;在国际金融市场中占有越来越重要的地位..2、1提供融通资金;促进资源合理配置;2有利于调节各国的国际收支;3推动国际贸易和国际投资的发展;4促进金融业的国际化3、新型的国际金融市场又称离岸金融市场或境外市场;是指非居民的境外货币存贷市场..具有如下特点:1 交易的货币是市场所在国之外的货币;其种类包括主要可自由兑换货币;2 市场参与者是市场所在国的非居民;即交易在外国贷款人和外国借款人之间进行;3 资金融通业务基本不受市场所在国及其他国家的政策法规约束..4、1银行短期信贷业务;2短期证券市场业务;3票据贴现业务5、一般来说;银团贷款金额大、期限长;贷款条件较优惠;既能保障项目资金的及时到位;又能降低建设单位的融资成本;是重大基础设施或大型工业项目建设融资的主要方式..辛迪加贷款主要是出于追求利息回报;由于通常数额巨大、期限较长可达10年、20年之久;需要有可靠的担保;且一般由政府担保..辛迪加贷款的成本较高;利率是在伦敦银行同业拆借利率上加一定加息率;而且借款人还需承担其他借款费用..6、国际股票市场的发展趋势主要有:1全球股市规模不断扩大;新兴股票市场崛起;2国际股票市场上创新工具与创新技术不断涌现;3国际股票市场波动频繁;风险不断增大..7、欧洲货币亦称境外货币;是指在货币发行国境外流通的货币..最早出现的欧洲货币是欧洲美元;以后逐渐出现了欧洲英镑、欧洲日元等..欧洲货币市场亦称离岸金融市场;是指能够交易各种境外货币;既不受货币发行国政府法令管制;又不受市场所在国政府法令管制的金融市场..特点:1 市场范围广阔;不受地理限制;2交易品种繁多;规模庞大;3经济环境高度自由;4市场的利率体系独特..8、积极作用:1欧洲货币市场作为国际资本转移的重要渠道;最大限度地解决了国际资金供需矛盾;促进了经济、生产、市场、金融的国际化;2欧洲货币市场解决了某些国家国际支付手段不足的困难;在一定程度上缓解了国际收支失衡的问题;3欧洲货币市场推动了世界经济和国际贸易的发展;4欧洲货币市场促进了全球经济一体化的进程..消极作用:1欧洲货币市场由于金融管制松弛;因此对国际政治、经济动态的反应异常敏感;巨额的资金在不同金融中心之间;以及不同货币之间频繁地进行套汇套利交易;使大规模的资金在几种货币之间频繁移动;从而导致汇率的剧烈波动;甚至一些银行因此而倒闭破产;引起国际金融市场的动荡;2欧洲货币市场在一定程度上削弱了各国国内宏观经济政策的效果;3由于欧洲货币市场的借贷活动使一国的闲散资金变成了另一国的货币供应;使市场的信用基础扩大..通过欧洲货币市场;一国的通货膨胀或经济衰退可能迅速波及其他国家;最终成为世界性的经济衰退..第五章参考答案一、填空题1、外汇批发市场;2、伦敦外汇市场;3、标准交割日交割;4、套汇交易;低买高卖;5、每日清算制度;二、不定项选择题1、A ;2、A ;3、AB;4、D;5、ABC;6、ABD;7、ABCD;8、AB9、AD;10、A三、判断分析题1、√2、√3、×银行同业间即期外汇交易的交割日包括三种类型:1.当日交割2.次日交割3.标准交割日交割4、√5、×看涨期权call Option;又称买入期权或多头期权;即期权买方预测未来某种外汇价格上涨;购买该种期权可获得在未来一定期限内以合同价格和数量购买该种外汇的权利..看跌期权Put Option;又称卖出期权或空头期权;即期权买方预测未来某种外汇价格下跌;购买该种期权可获得未来一定期限内以合同价格和数量卖出该种外汇的权利..四、名词解释略;参见教材..五、简答题1、外汇市场的特点是:1全天交易;交易时间长;2交易方便;成交量巨大;3保证金制度;交易成本低;4双向交易;操作方向多;5全球市场;政策干预低..其构成主要包括:1外汇银行;2外汇经纪人;3非金融机构和个人;4中央银行..2、1即期外汇交易;2远期外汇交易;3掉期交易;4套汇交易;5套利交易;6外汇期货交易;7外汇期权交易..3、即期外汇交易;又称现汇交易;是指外汇交易双方以即时外汇市场的价格成交;并在合同签订后的两个营业日内进行交割的外汇交易.. 交易方式分为:当日交割;次日交割;标准交割日交割..4、远期外汇交易;又称期汇交易;是指外汇买卖双方先签订合同;规定交易的币种、金额、汇率以及交割的时间、地点等;并于将来某个约定的时间按照合同规定进行交割的一种外汇方式.. 作用:1进行套期保值;避免外汇风险;2调整银行的外汇头寸;3进行外汇投机;牟取暴利;4可作为中央银行的政策工具..5、套汇交易是指套汇者在不同交割期限、不同外汇市场利用汇率上的差异进行外汇买卖;以防范汇率风险和牟取差价利润的行为..其核心就是做到低买高卖亦称贱买贵卖;赚取汇率差价..套汇交易分为时间套汇和地点套汇;其中地点套汇又可以分为直接套汇和间接套汇..6、套利交易也称利息套汇;是指套利者利用不同国家或地区短期利率的差异;将资金从利率较低的国家或地区转移至利率较高的国家或地区;从中获取利息差额收益的一种行为..分为抵补套利和非抵补套利..7、掉期外汇交易是指货币、金额相同但方向相反;交割期不同的两笔或两笔以上的外汇交易相结合..特点:1外汇的买进与卖出是有意识同时进行的;2买进与卖出的外汇是同一种货币;而且金额相等;3买卖外汇的交割期限不相同;4掉期交易主要在银行同业之间进行;某些大公司也经常利用掉期交易进行套利活动..8、外汇期货交易;是指交易双方按照合同规定在将来某一指定时间以既定汇率交割标准数量外汇的外汇交易..其特点主要有:1交易合约标准化;2交易以美元报价;3最小价格波动和最高限价;4实行保证金制度;5每日清算制度..9、外汇期权交易;是指期权买方支付给期权卖方一笔期权费后享有在合约到期之前以合约规定的价格购买或出售一定数额的某种外汇资产;或放弃合约的权利.. 分类:1按期权买进或卖出的性质分类;可分为看涨期权和看跌期权;2按行使期权的有效日分类;可分为欧式期权和美式期权;3按外汇期权交易特点分类;可分为现货期权交易、期货期权交易及期货式期权交易;4按外汇期权交易地点分类;可分为场内交易期权和场外交易期权..10、两者区别主要体现在:1买卖双方权利义务不同;2交易内容不同;3交割价格不同;4保证金的规定不同;5价格风险不同;6获利机会不同;7交割方式不同;8标的物交割价格的决定不同;9合约种类数不同..第六章参考答案一、填空题1、广义;狭义;2、本币和外币兑换;时间;3、一般管理;综合管理;4、“收硬付软”;5、BSI法;LSI法;二、不定项选择题1、B;2、B;3、A;4、B;5、C;A;6、AD;7、BD;8、ACD;9、ABC;10、AB三、判断分析题1、×外汇风险是指在一定时期内由于国际外汇市场汇率发生变化;给企业、银行等经济组织及个人;以外币计价的资产债权、权益和负债债务、义务带来损益的可能性..2、×交易风险是指在以外币计价的交易活动中;由于该种货币与本国货币的汇率发生变化而引起的应收资产与应付债务价值变化的风险..3、√4、×出口选硬币汇率呈上升趋势的货币作为计价货币;进口选软币汇率呈下降趋势的货币作为计价货币..5、×外汇风险的一般管理方法;是单一种类的外汇风险防范措施;有的只能消除时间风险;不能消除价值风险..四、名词解释略;参见教材..五、简答题1、外汇风险又称汇率风险;是指在一定时期内由于国际外汇市场汇率发生变化;给企业、银行等经济组织及个人;以外币计价的资产债权、权益和负债债务、义务带来损益的可能性..外汇风险的构成要素一般包括:本币、外币和时间..外汇交易者面临的风险基本可以分为三类:会计风险、交易风险及经济风险..2、外汇风险管理是指外汇资产持有者通过风险识别、风险衡量、风险控制等方法;预防、规避、转移或消除外汇业务经营中的风险;从而减少或避免可能的经济损失;实现在风险一定条件下的收益最大化或收益一定条件下的风险最小化..1保证宏观经济原则;2分类防范原则;3稳妥防范原则..3、外汇风险的一般管理方法包括:1选好或搭配好计价货币;2平衡抵消法避险;3利用国际信贷;4运用系列保值法;5利用各种外汇交易;6其他防范技术..外汇风险的一般管理方法;是单一种类的外汇风险防范措施;有的只能消除时间风险;不能消除价值风险;如提前或推迟收付法;有的既能消除时间风险;又能消除价值风险;如远期合同法..因此;将不同的外汇风险防范方法相互配合;综合利用;才能达到消除风险的最佳效果;我们称之为外汇风险的综合管理方法..4、平衡法与组对法的不同体现在三方面:1币种不同:平衡法是两笔相同货币交易对冲;而组对法是两笔不同货币交易对冲..2风险程度不同:平衡法风险很低;而组队法组对货币选择不准就有外汇损失的可能..3操作特点不同:组对法比较灵活;易于运用;平衡法则有较大局限性..5、当预测结算货币有贬值趋势时;出口商应尽量提早收款或采取以预付款方式交易;而进口商应尽量推迟付款或以延期付款方式交易;反之;出口商则应尽量推迟收款;或允许进口商延期付款;进口商应尽量提前付款或预付货款..6、BSI法; 即借款-即期合同-投资法Borrow-Spot-Investment; 是指具有外汇应收账款或应付账款的企业综合使用借款、即期合同与投资来消除外汇风险的方法..1为防止应收账款的计价外汇贬值;首先从银行借入与应收外汇等值的外币;借款期限到收汇日;同时;通过即期交易;把外币兑换成本币;然后;将本币存入银行或进行投资;以投资收益来补贴借款利息和其他费用..届时应收账款到期;就以外汇货款归还银行贷款..在签订贸易合同后;进口商先从银行借入购买应付外币所需的本币;同时在即期外汇市场用本币购进未来结算所需的外币;然后将这笔外币投资;投资期限与付款期限相同..付款到期时;企业收回外币投资;并支付货款..2为了防止应付账款的计价外汇升值;首先与出口商签订进货合同;明确结算付款所需用的币种、金额和日期;同时;向银行借入与应付外汇账款币种相同、金额相等、时间一致的本币贷款;将应付外汇账款的时间风险转移到办汇日;然后;在外汇市场上进行即期交易;将本币卖出;兑换成将来付款时所用的外币币种;消除外币升值、本币贬值的价值风险;接着;将兑换的外币进行投资;最后;应付外汇账款到期时;外汇投资也到期;用收回的投资支付应付外汇账款..7、LSI法;即提前收付一即期合同一投资法Lead—Spot—Investment;是指具有应收账款或应付账款的企业;在征得债务方或债权方的同意后;综合运用提前或延期收付货款、即期外汇合同和投资来消除外汇风险的办法..1为了防止应收账款的计价外汇贬值;有应收账款企业承诺给予进口商以一定折扣并征得对方同意后;让进口商提前支付货款;以消除时间风险;并通过银行签订即期合同;将收取的外币兑换成本币;从而消除价值风险;最后;将换回的本币进行投资;所获得的收益用以抵补因提前收汇造成的折扣损失..。
金融工程 相关习题及答案

Chapter 1 Market Organization and Structure PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 11. Akihiko Takabe has designed a sophisticated forecasting model, which predicts the movements in the overall stock market, in the hope of earning a return in excess of a fair return for the risk involved. He uses the predictions of the model to decide whether to buy, hold, or sell the shares of an index fund that aims to replicate the movements of the stock market. Takabe would best be characterized as a (n):A. hedger.B. investor.C. information-motivated trader.2. James Beach is young and has substantial wealth. A significant proportion of his stock portfolio consists of emerging market stocks that offer relatively high expected returns at the cost of relatively high risk. Beach believes that investment in emerging market stocks is appropriate for him given his ability and willingness to take risk. Which of the following labels most appropriately describes Beach?A. Hedger.B. Investor.C. Information-motivated trader.3. Lisa Smith owns a manufacturing company in the United States. Her company has sold goods to a customer in Brazil and will be paid in Brazilian real (BRL) in three months. Smith is concerned about the possibility of the BRL depreciating more than expected against the U.S. dollar (USD). Therefore, she is planning tosell three-month futures contracts on the BRL. The seller of such contracts generally gains when the BRL depreciates against the USD. If Smith were to sell these future contracts, she would most appropriately be described as a (n):A. hedger.B. investor.C. information-motivated trader.4. Which of the following is not a function of the financial system?A. To regulate arbitrageurs’ profits (excess returns).B. To help the economy achieve allocational efficiency.C. To facilitate borrowing by businesses to fund current operations.5. An investor primarily invests in stocks of publicly traded companies. The investor wants to increase the diversification of his portfolio. A friend has recommended investing in real estate properties. The purchase of real estate would best be characterized as a transaction in the:A. derivative investment market.B. traditional investment market.C. alternative investment market.6. A hedge fund holds its excess cash in 90-day commercial paper and negotiable certificates of deposit. The cash management policy of the hedge fund is best described as using:A. capital market instruments.B. money market instruments.C. intermediate-term debt instruments.7. An oil and gas exploration and production company announces that it is offering30 million shares to the public at $45.50 each. This transaction is most likely a sale in the:A. futures market.B. primary market.C. secondary market.8. Consider a mutual fund that invests primarily in fixed-income securities that have been determined to be appropriate given the fund’s investment goal. Which of the following is least likely to be a part of this fund?A. Warrants.B. Commercial paper.C. Repurchase agreements.9. A friend has asked you to explain the differences between open-end and closed-end funds. Which of the following will you most likely include in your explanation?A. Closed-end funds are unavailable to new investors.B. When investors sell the shares of an open-end fund, they can receive a discount or a premium to the fund’s net asset value.C. When selling shares, investors in an open-end fund sell the shares back to the fund whereas investors in a closed-end fund sell the shares to others in the secondary market.10. The usefulness of a forward contract is limited by some problems. Which of the following is most likely one of those problems?A. Once you have entered into a forward contract, it is difficult to exit from the contract.B. Entering into a forward contract requires the long party to deposit an initialamount with the short party.C. If the price of the underlying asset moves adversely from the perspective of the long party, periodic payments must be made to the short party.11. Tony Harris is planning to start trading in commodities. He has heard about the use of futures contracts on commodities and is learning more about them. Which of the following is Harris least likely to find associated with a futures contract?A. Existence of counterparty risk.B. Standardized contractual terms.C. Payment of an initial margin to enter into a contract.12. A German company that exports machinery is expecting to receive $10 million in three months. The firm converts all its foreign currency receipts into euros. The chief financial officer of the company wishes to lock in a minimum fixed rate for converting the $10 million to euro but also wants to keep the flexibility to use the future spot rate if it is favorable. What hedging transaction is most likely to achieve this objective?A. Selling dollars forward.B. Buying put options on the dollar.C. Selling futures contracts on dollars.13. A book publisher requires substantial quantities of paper. The publisher and a paper producer have entered into an agreement for the publisher to buy and the producer to supply a given quantity of paper four months later at a price agreed upon today. This agreement is a:A. futures contract.B. forward contract.C. commodity swap.14. The Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) is an investment that tracks the S&P 500 stock market index. Purchases and sales of SPDRs during an average trading day are best described as:A. primary market transactions in a pooled investment.B. secondary market transactions in a pooled investment.C. secondary market transactions in an actively managed investment.15. The Standard & Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) is an exchange-traded fund in the United States that is designed to track the S&P 500 stock market index. The current price of a share of SPDRs is $113. A trader has just bought call options on shares of SPDRs for a premium of $3 per share. The call options expire in five months and have an exercise price of $120 per share. On the expiration date, the trader will exercise the call options (ignore any transaction costs) if and only if the shares of SPDRs are trading:A. below $120 per share.B. above $120 per share.C. above $123 per share.16. Which of the following statements about exchange-traded funds is most correct?A. Exchange-traded funds are not backed by any assets.B. The investment companies that create exchange-traded funds are financial intermediaries.C. The transaction costs of trading shares of exchange-traded funds are substantially greater than the combined costs of trading the underlying assets of the fund.17. Jason Schmidt works for a hedge fund and he specializes in finding profitopportunities that are the result of inefficiencies in the market for convertible bonds—bonds that can be converted into a predetermined amount of a company’s common stock. Schmidt tries to find convertibles that are priced inefficiently relative to the underlying stock. The trading strategy involves the simultaneous purchase of the convertible bond and the short sale of the underlying common stock. The above process could best be described as:A. hedging.B. arbitrage.C. securitization.18. Pierre-Louis Robert just purchased a call option on shares of the Michelin Group.A few days ago he wrote a put option on Michelin shares. The call and put options have the same exercise price, expiration date, and number of shares underlying. Considering both positions, Robert’s exposure to t he risk of the stock of the Michelin Group is:A. long.B. short.C. neutral.19. An online brokerage firm has set the minimum margin requirement at 55 percent. What is the maximum leverage ratio associated with a position financed by this minimum margin requirement?A. 1.55.B. 1.82.C. 2.22.20. A trader has purchased 200 shares of a non-dividend-paying firm on margin at a price of $50 per share. The leverage ratio is 2.5. Six months later, the trader sellsthese shares at $60 per share. Ignoring the interest paid on the borrowed amount and the transaction costs, what was the return to the trader during the six-month period?A. 20 percent.B. 33.33 percent.C. 50 percent.21. Jason Williams purchased 500 shares of a company at $32 per share. The stock was bought on 75 percent margin. One month later, Williams had to pay interest on the amount borrowed at a rate of 2 percent per month. At that time, Williams received a dividend of $0.50 per share. Immediately after that he sold the shares at $28 per share. He paid commissions of $10 on the purchase and $10 on the sale of the stock. What was the rate of return on this investment for the one-month period?A. −12.5 percent.B. –15.4 percent.C. –50.1 percent.22. Caroline Rogers believes the price of Gamma Corp. stock will go down in the near future. She has decided to sell short 200 shares of Gamma Corp. at the current market price of €47. The initial margin requirement is 40 percent. Which of the following is an appropriate statement regarding the margin requirement that Rogers is subject to on this short sale?A. She will need to contribute €3,760 as margin.B. She will need to contribute €5,640 as margin.C. She will only need to leave the proceeds from the short sale as deposit and does not need to contribute any additional funds.23. The current price of a stock is $25 per share. You have $10,000 to invest. Youborrow an additional $10,000 from your broker and invest $20,000 in the stock. If the maintenance margin is 30 percent, at what price will a margin call first occur?A. $9.62.B. $17.86.C. $19.71.24. You have placed a sell market-on-open order—a market order that would automatically be submitted at the market’s open tomorrow and would fill at the market price. Your instruction, to sell the shares at the market open, is a(n):A. execution instruction.B. validity instruction.C. clearing instruction.25. A market has the following limit orders standing on its book for a particular stock. The bid and ask sizes are number of shares in hundreds.What is the market?A. 9.73 bid, offered at 10.14.B. 9.81 bid, offered at 10.10.C. 9.95 bid, offered at 10.02.26. Consider the following limit order book for a stock. The bid and ask sizes arenumber of shares in hundredsA new buy limit order is placed for 300 shares at ¥123.40. This limit order issaid to:A. take the market.B. make the market.C. make a new market.27. Currently, the market in a stock is "$54.62 bid, offered at $54.71." A new sell limit order is placed at $54.62. This limit order is said to:A. take the market.B. make the market.C. make a new market.28. Jim White has sold short 100 shares of Super Stores at a price of$42 per share. He has also simultaneously placed a "good-till-cancelled, stop 50, limit 55 buy" order. Assume that if the stop condition specified by White is satisfied and the order becomes valid, it will get executed. Excluding transaction costs, what is the maximum possible loss that White can have?A. $800.B. $1,300.C. Unlimited.29. You own shares of a company that are currently trading at $30 a share. Your technical analysis of the shares indicates a support level of $27.50. That is, if the price of the shares is going down, it is more likely to stay above this level rather than fall below it. If the price does fall below this level, however, you believe that the price may continue to decline. You have no immediate intent to sell the shares but are concerned about the possibility of a huge loss if the share price declines below the support level. Which of the following types of orders could you place to most appropriately address your concern?A. Short sell order.B. Good-till-cancelled stop sell order.C. Good-till-cancelled stop buy order.30. In an underwritten offering, the risk that the entire issue may not be sold to the public at the stipulated offering price is borne by the:A. issuer.B. investment bank.C. buyers of the part of the issue that is sold.31 . A British company listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange, announced the sale of 6,686,665 shares to a small group of qualified investors at £0.025 per share. Which of the following best describesthis sale?A. Shelf registration.B. Private placement.C. Initial public offering.32. A German publicly traded company, to raise new capital, gave its existing shareholders the opportunity to subscribe for new shares. The existing shareholders could purchase two new shares at a subscription price of €4.58 per share for every 15 shares held. This is an example of a(n):A. rights offering.B. private placement.C. initial public offering.33. Consider an order-driven system that allows hidden orders. The following four sell orders on a particular stock are currently in the system's limit order book. Based on the commonly used order precedence hierarchy, which of these orders will have precedence over others?A. Order I (time of arrival of 9:52:01 ).B. Order II (time of arrival of 9:52:08).C. Order III (time of arrival of 9:53:04)34. Zhenhu Li has submitted an immediate-or-cancel buy order for 500 shares of a company at a limit price of CNY 74.25. There are two sell limit orders standing in that stock's order book at that time. One is for 300 shares at a limit price of CNY 74.30 and the other is for 400 shares at a limit price of CNY 74.35. How many shares in Li's order would get cancelled?A. None (the order would remain open but unfilled).B. 200 (300 shares would get filled).C. 500 (there would be no fill).35. A market has the following limit orders standing on its book for a particular stock:Ian submits a day order to sell 1,000 shares, limit £19.83. Assuming that no more buy orders are submitted on that day after Ian submits his order, what would be Ian's average trade price?A. £19.70.B. £19.92.C. £20.05.36. A financial analyst is examining whether a country's financial market is well functioning. She finds that the transaction costs in this market are low and trading volumes are high. She concludes that the market is quite liquid. In such a market:A. traders will find it hard to make use of their information.B. traders will find it easy to trade and their trading will make the market less informationally efficient.C. traders will find it easy to trade and their trading will make the marketmore informationally efficient.37. The government of a country whose financial markets are in an early stage of development has hired you as a consultant on financial market regulation. Your first task is to prepare a list of the objectives of market regulation. Which of the following is least likely to be included in this list of objectives?A. Minimize agency problems in the financial markets.B. Ensure that financial markets are fair and orderly.C. Ensure that investors in the stock market achieve a rate of return that is at least equal to the risk-free rate of return.Chapter 2 Portfolio Management: An Overview PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 21. Investors should use a portfolio approach to:A. reduce risk.B. monitor risk.C. eliminate risk.2. Which of the following is the best reason for an investor to be concerned with the composition of a portfolio?A. Risk reduction.B. Downside risk protection.C. Avoidance of investment disasters.3. With respect to the formation of portfolios, which of the following statements is most accurate?A. Portfolios affect risk less than returns.B. Portfolios affect risk more than returns.C. Portfolios affect risk and returns equally.4. Which of the following institutions will on average have the greatest need for liquidity?A. Banks.B. Investment companies.C. Non-life insurance companies.5. Which of the following institutional investors will most likely have the longest time horizon?A. Defined benefit plan.B. University endowment.C. Life insurance company.6. A defined benefit plan with a large number of retirees is likely to have a high need forA. income.B. liquidity.C. insurance.7. Which of the following institutional investors is most likely to manage investments in mutual funds?A. Insurance companies.B. Investment companies.C. University endowments.8. With respect to the portfolio management process, the asset allocation is determined in the:A. planning step.B. feedback step.C. execution step9. The planning step of the portfolio management process is least likely to include an assessment of the client'sA. securities.B. constraints.C. risk tolerance.10. With respect to the portfolio management process, the rebalancing of a portfolio's composition is most likely to occur in the:A. planning step.B. feedback step.C. execution step.11. An analyst gathers the following information for the asset allocations of three portfolios:Which of the portfolios is most likely appropriate for a client who has a high degree of risk tolerance?A. Portfolio 1.B. Portfolio 2.C. Portfolio 3.12. Which of the following investment products is most likely to trade at their netasset value per share?A. Exchange traded funds.B. Open-end mutual funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.13. Which of the following financial products is least likely to have a capital gain distribution?A. Exchange traded funds.B. Open-end mutual funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.14. Which of the following forms of pooled investments is subject to the least amount of regulation?A. Hedge funds.B. Exchange traded funds.C. Closed-end mutual funds.15. Which of the following pooled investments is most likely characterized by a few large investments?A. Hedge funds.B. Buyout funds.C. Venture capital funds.Chapter 3 Portfolio Risk and Return: Part I PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 31. An investor purchased 100 shares of a stock for $34.50 per share at the beginning of the quarter. If the investor sold all of the shares for $30.50 per share after receiving a $51.55 dividend payment at the end of the quarter, the holding period return is closest to:A. - 13.0%.B. - 11.6%.C. - 10.1%.2. An analyst obtains the following annual rates of return for a mutual fund:The fund's holding period return over the three-year period is closest to:A. 0.18%.B. 0.55%.C. 0.67%.3. An analyst observes the following annual rates of return for a hedge fund:The hedge fund's annual geometric mean return is closest to:A. 0.52%.B. 1.02%.C. 2.67%.4. Which of the following return calculating methods is best for evaluating the annualized returns of a buy-and-hold strategy of an investor who has made annual deposits to an account for each of the last five years?A. Geometric mean return.B. Arithmetic mean return.C. Money-weighted return.5. An investor evaluating the returns of three recently formed exchange-traded funds gathers the following information:The ETF with the highest annualized rate of return is:A. ETF 1.B. ETF 2.C. ETF 3.6. With respect to capital market theory, which of the following asset characteristics is least likely to impact the variance of an investor's equallyweighted portfolio?A. Return on the asset.B. Standard deviation of the asset.C. Covariances of the asset with the other assets in the portfolio.7. A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:If the correlation of returns between the two securities is 0.40, the expected standard deviation of the portfolio is closest to:A. 10.7%.B. 11.3%.C. 12.1%.8. A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:If the covariance of returns between the two securities is - 0.0240, the expected standard deviation of the portfolio is closest to:A. 2.4%.B. 7.5%.C. 9.2%.The following information relates to Questions 9-10A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:9. If the standard deviation of the portfolio is 14.40%, the correlation between the two securities is equal to:A. - 1.0.B. 0.0.C. 1.0.10. If the standard deviation of the portfolio is 14.40%, the covariance between the two securities is equal to:A. 0.0006.B. 0.0240.C. 1.0000.The following information relates to Questions 11-14An analyst observes the following historic geometric returns:11 . The real rate of return for equities is closest to:A. 5.4%.B. 5.8%.C. 5.9%.12. The real rate of return for corporate bonds is closest to:A. 4.3%.B. 4.4%.C. 4.5%.13. The risk premium for equities is closest to:A. 5.4%.B. 5.5%.C. 5.6%.14. The risk premium for corporate bonds is closest to:A. 3.5%.B. 3.9%.C. 4.0%.15. With respect to trading costs, liquidity is least likely to impact the:A. stock price.B. bid-ask spreads.C. brokerage commissions.16. Evidence of risk aversion is best illustrated by a risk-return relationship that is:A. negative.B. neutral.C. positive.17. With respect to risk-averse investors, a risk-free asset will generate a numerical utility that is:A. the same for all individuals.B. positive for risk-averse investors.C. equal to zero for risk seeking investors18. With respect to utility theory, the most risk-averse investor will have an indifference curve with the:A. most convexity.B. smallest intercept value.C. greatest slope coefficient.19. With respect to an investor's utility function expressed as:21=E(r)-2u A ,which of the following values for the measure for risk aversion has the least amount of risk aversion?A. - 4.B. 0.C. 4.The following information relates to Questions 20-23A financial planner has created the following data to illustrate the application of utility theory to portfolio selection:20. A risk-neutral investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.ExpectedStandard Deviation (% )28153021. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U = E(r) ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of- 2, the risk-seeking investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 2.B. Investment 3.C. Investment 4.22. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U = E(r) - ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of2, the risk-averse investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.23. If an investor's utility function is expressed as U =E(r) - ~A& and the measure for risk aversion has a value of4, the risk-averse investor is most likely to choose:A. Investment 1.B. Investment 2.C. Investment 3.24. With respect to the mean-variance portfolio theory, the capital allocation line, CAL, is the combination of the risk-free asset and a portfolio of all:A. risky assets.B. equity securities.C. feasible investments.25. Two individual investors with different levels of risk aversion will have optimal portfolios that are:A. below the capital allocation line.B. on the capital allocation line.C. above the capital allocation line.The following information relates to Questions 26-28A portfolio manager creates the following portfolio:26. If the portfolio of the two securities has an expected return of15%, the proportion invested in Security 1 is:A. 25%.B. 50%.C. 75%.27. If the correlation of returns between the two securities is - 0.15, the expected standard deviation of an equal-weighted portfolio is closest to:A. 13.04%.B. 13.60%.C. 13.87%.28. If the two securities are uncorrelated, the expected standard deviation of an equal-weighted portfolio is closest to:A. 14.00%.B. 14.14%.C. 20.00%.29. As the number of assets in an equally-weighted portfolio increases, the contribution of each individual asset's variance to the volatility of the portfolio:A. increases.B. decreases.C. remains the same.30. With respect to an equally-weighted portfolio made up of a large number of assets, which of the following contributes the most to the volatility of the portfolio?A. Average variance of the individual assets.B. Standard deviation of the individual assets.C. Average covariance between all pairs of assets.31. The correlation between assets in a two-asset portfolio increases during a market decline. If there is no change in the proportion of each asset held in the portfolio or the expected standard deviation of the individual assets, the volatility of the portfolio is most likely to:A. increase.B. decrease.C. remain the same.The following information relates to Questions 32-34An analyst has made the following return projections for each of three possible outcomes with an equal likelihood of occurrence:32. Which pair of assets is perfectly negatively correlated?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.33. If the analyst constructs two-asset portfolios that are equally-weighted, which pair of assets has the lowest expected standard deviation?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.34. If the analyst constructs two-asset portfolios that are equally weighted, which pair of assets provides the least amount of risk reduction?A. Asset 1 and Asset 2.B. Asset 1 and Asset 3.C. Asset 2 and Asset 3.35. Which of the following statements is least accurate? The efficient frontier is the set of all attainable risky assets with the:A. highest expected return for a given level of risk.B. lowest amount of risk for a given level of return.C. highest expected return relative to the risk-free rate.36. The portfolio on the minimum-variance frontier with the lowest standarddeviation is:A. unattainable.B. the optimal risky portfolio.C. the global minimum-variance portfolio.37. The set of portfolios on the minimum-variance frontier that dominates all sets of portfolios below the global minimum-variance portfolio is the:A. capital allocation line.B. Markowitz efficient frontier.C. set of optimal risky portfolios.38. The dominant capital allocation line is the combination of the risk-free asset and the:A. optimal risky portfolio.B. levered portfolio of risky assets.C. global minimum-variance portfolio.39. Compared to the efficient frontier of risky assets, the dominant capital allocation line has higher rates of return for levels of risk greater than the optimal risky portfolio because of the investor's ability to:A. lend at the risk-free rate.B. borrow at the risk-free rate.C. purchase the risk-free asset.40. With respect to the mean-variance theory, the optimal portfolio is determined by each individual investor's:A. risk-free rate.B. borrowing rate.C. risk preference.Chapter 4 Portfolio Risk and Return: Part II PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 41. The line depicting the risk and return of portfolio combinations of a risk-free asset and any risky asset is the:A. security market line.B. capital allocation line.C. security characteristic line.2. The portfolio of a risk-free asset and a risky asset has a better risk-return tradeoff than investing in only one asset type because the correlation between the risk-free asset and the risky asset is equal to:A. - 1.0.B. 0.0.C. 1.0.3. With respect to capital market theory, an investor's optimal portfolio is the combination of a risk-free asset and a risky asset with the highest:A. expected return.B. indifference curve.C. capital allocation line slope.4. Highly risk-averse investors will most likely invest the majority of their wealth in:A. risky assets.B. risk-free assets.C. the optimal risky portfolio.。
金融工程课后(附答案)
金融工程老师划题目的部分答案1.1请解释远期多头与远期空头的区别。
答:远期多头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格购入某种资产;远期空头指交易者协定将来以某一确定价格售出某种资产。
1.2请详细解释套期保值、投机与套利的区别。
答:套期保值指交易者采取一定的措施补偿资产的风险暴露;投机不对风险暴露进行补偿,是一种“赌博行为”;套利是采取两种或更多方式锁定利润。
1.8你认为某种股票的价格将要上升。
现在该股票价格为$29,3个月期的执行价格为$30的看跌期权的价格为$2.90.你有$5,800资金可以投资。
现有两种策略:直接购买股票或投资于期权,请问各自潜在的收益或损失为多少?答:股票价格低于$29时,购买股票和期权都将损失,前者损失为($5,800/$29)×(29-p),后者损失为$5,800;当股票价格为(29,30),购买股票收益为($5,800/$29)×(p-29),购买期权损失为$5,800;当股票价格高于$30时,购买股票收益为($5,800/$29)×(p-29),购买期权收益为$($5,800/$29)×(p-30)-5,800。
2.1请说明未平仓合约数与交易量的区别。
答:未平仓合约数既可以指某一特定时间里多头合约总数,也可以指空头合约总数,而交易量是指在某一特定时间里交易的总和约数。
3.1一家银行给你的报价如下:年利率14%,按季度计复利。
问:(a)等价的连续复利利率为多少?(b)按年计复利的利率为多少?解:(a)等价的连续复利为4ln(1+0.14/4) =0.1376 或每年13.76%。
(b)按年计复利的利率为(1+0.14/4)^4=0.1475 或每年14.75%。
3.4一种股票指数现为350。
无风险年利率为8%(连续复利计息)。
指数的红利收益为每年4%。
一份四个月期限的期货合约价格为多少?解:期货合约价格为350e^( 0.08-0.04 )=$354.73.8一人现在投资$1,000,一年后收回$1,100,当按以下方式计息时,年收益为多少?(a)按年计复利(b)以半年计复利(c)以月计复利(d)连续复利解:(a)按年计复利时收益为1100/1000-1=0.1 或每年10%的收益率。
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. . . . . . 金融工程习题答案
第一章 金融工程导论 1、什么是金融工程? 答:一般认为金融学发展经历了描述性金融、分析性金融和金融工程三个阶段: (1)英国学者洛伦兹·格立茨(Lawrence Galitz,1995)的观点:“金融工程是指运用金融工具重新构造现有的金融状况,使之具有所期望的特性(即收益/风险组合特性)”。 (2)最早提出金融工程学科概念的学者之一John Finnerty(1988)的观点:金融工程将工程思维引入金融领域,综合地采用各种工程技术方法(主要有数学模型、数值计算、网络图解、仿真模型等)设计、开发和实施新型的金融产品,创造性地解决各种金融问题。 (3)国际金融工程师学会常务理事Marshall等(1992)的观点,认为Finnerty的定义中提到的金融产品是广义的:它包括所有在金融市场交易的金融工具,比如股票、债券、期货、期权、互换等金融产品;也包括金融服务,如结算、清算、发行、承销等;而设计、开发和实施新型的金融产品的目的也是为了创造性地解决金融问题,因此金融问题的解也可看作是创新一个金融产品。 2、金融工程产生和发展的基础是什么? 答:从发展的过程来看,金融工程是在金融理论与实践的基础上,作为金融学科的一个方向,逐步发展并演变成为一门独立学科的。金融理论的产生和发展为金融工程的产生的发展提供了理论基础。这些理论既包括有效市场假说等较为宏观的金融理论,也包括资产组合理论、套利定价理论、资本资产定价理论等微观金融理论。 3、金融工程的基本框架是什么? 答:金融工程作为一门学科,它具有较为系统和完整的框架,主要包括金融工程的理论基础、金融工具和金融工程技术。 (1)金融工程的理论基础。它是支撑金融工程的知识体系,主要涉及金融理论、经济学理论、数学和统计学知识、会计及法律知识等方面的理论和知识。核心的基础理论是估值理论、资产组合理论、有效市场理论、套期保值理论、期权定价理论、汇率及利率理论等。 (2)金融工具。它是指用于投资、融资、结算等金融交易过程中的各种工具,包括基础金融工具和衍生金融工具。基础金融工具指能够产生衍生金融产品的传统金融产品,主要有股票、债券、现金、商业票据等;衍生金融工具是以某种基础金融工具的存在为前提,其价格亦由基础金融工具决定的金融工具,主要包括远期、期货、期权、互换4种基本衍生金融工具以及由它们通过变化、组合、 . . . . . . 合成等方式再衍生出来的一些变种。 (3)金融工程技术。它是指运用金融理论和金融工具解决具体金融问题的技术和方法。不仅包括设计解决问题的思路、方案、流程的技术,还包括对金融工具进行构造的技术。在金融工程的整体框架里,最为核心的部分就是金融工程技术及其应用。 4、金融工程的应用领域有哪些? 答:从应用的目的看,金融工程常用于套期保值、投机、套利以及通过构造的方式获利和降低风险等方面。 5、投机与套利的区别及联系是什么? 期货套利交易和投机交易的目的都是为了获得投资收益,但在操作方式上存在不同特点,主要体现在以下四个方面: (1)交易方式不同 期货投机交易是在一段时间对单一期货合约建立多头或空头头寸, 即预期价格上涨时做多,预期价格下跌时做空,在同一时点上是单方向交易。套利交易则是在相关期货合约之间、或期货与现货之间同时建立多头和空头头寸,在同一时点上是双方向交易。 (2)利润来源不同 期货投机交易是利用单一期货合约价格的波动赚取利润,而套利是利用相关期货合约或期货与现货之间的相对价格差异套取利润。期货投机者关心的是单一期货合约价格的涨跌,套利者则不关注期货合约绝对价格的高低,而是关注相关合约或期货与现货间价差的变化。 (3)承担的风险程度不同 期货投机交易承担单一期货合约价格变动风险,而套利交易承担价差变动风险。由于相关期货合约价格变动方向具有一致性(期现套利中,期货价格和现货价格变动方向也具有一致性),因此,价差变动幅度一般要小于单一期货合约价格波动幅度,即套利交易相对投机交易所承担的风险更小。 (4)交易成本不同 由于套利者在交易时承担的风险相对较小,而投机者在交易中却承担较大的风险,所以,国际上,期货交易所为了鼓励套利交易,通常针对套利交易收取较低的保证金,而针对投机交易收取较高的保证金。
第二章 金融工程的基本方法 1、假定外汇市场美元兑换欧元的即期汇率是1欧元换1.8美元,,欧元利率是8%美元利率是4%。一年后远期无套利的均衡汇率是多少? 解:在市场是有效的条件下,不管采用什么投资方式,一年后的获利是一样的。所以有: . . . . . . (1+8%)欧元=1.8×(1+4%)美元 得: 1欧元=1.733美元 2、银行希望在6个月后对客户提供一笔6个月的远期贷款。银行发现金融市场上即期利率水平是:6个月利率为9.5%,12个月利率为9.875%,按照无套利定价思想,银行为这笔远期贷款索要的利率是多少? 解:设远期利率为i,根据无套利定价思想,不同的投资方法得到的终值是一样的。2 根据A(1+9.5%)×(1+i)=A(1+9.875%) 得: i=9.785% 3、一只股票现在价格是40元,该股票一个月后价格将是42元或者38元。假如无风险利率是8%,用无风险套利原则说明,执行价格为39元的一个月期欧式看涨期权的价值是多少?若用风险中性定价法计算,该期权的价值是多少? 解:方法一:无套利分析方法
构建一个无风险资产的组合: Δ单位的标的股票多头+一单位看涨期权空头,则一个月后,无论市场繁荣还是萧条,都有: 42Δ-3 = 38Δ → Δ=0.75 一个月后的组合价值为:38×0.75 = 28.5 根据无套利均衡分析有:(40×0.75- f )e0.08×1/12 = 28.5 → f =1.69 方法二:风险中性法
∵ E(ST)=S ert =40 ×e0.08×1/12 E(ST)= 42P + 38(1-P) ∴ 40 ×e0.08×1/2 = 42P + 38(1-P) → P=0.5672 3P+0=f×e0.08×1/12 → f =1.69 方法三:利用股票和无风险证券对期权进行复制
40 38(0)
42(3) 1-P 40 38 f 0 3 42 P . .
. . . . 构造期权的复制组合:X单位的标的股票多头 + Y单位的无风险证券空头 03834212/1%812/1%8YeXYeX
→31.2875.0YX
看涨期权的价值f=40×0.74–28.31=1.69 4、一只股票现在的价格是50元,预计6个月后涨到55元或下降到45元,运用无套利定价原理,计算执行价格为50元的欧式看跌期权的价值。(假设无风险利率是10%) 解:方法一:无套利分析方法
构建一个组合: Δ单位的标的股票多头+一单位看涨期权多头,则有: 55Δ= 45Δ+5 → Δ=0.5 组合价值为:55×0.5 = 27.5 根据无套利均衡分析有:(55×0.5)e0.08×1/12 = 50×0.5+f → f =1.16 方法二:风险中性法
∵ E(ST)=S ert =50 ×e0.1×1/2 E(ST)= 55P + 45(1-P) ∴ 50 ×e0.1×1/2= 55P + 45(1-P) → P=0.755 5(1-P)+0=f×e0.1×1/2 → f =1.16 方法三:利用股票和无风险证券对期权进行复制
构造一个组合:X单位的标的股票空头 + Y单位的无风险证券多头 50 45 f 5
0 55
50 45(5)
55(0)
1-P
50 45 f 5
0 55
40 38 f 0
3 42
P . .
. . . . 5450552/1%102/1%10YeXYeX
→16.265.0YX
看涨期权的价值f=-50×0.5+26.16=1.16 5、一只股票现在价格是100元。有连续两个时间步,每个步长6个月,每个单步二叉树预期上涨10%,或下跌10%,无风险利率8%(连续复利),运用无套利原则求执行价格为100元的看涨期权的价值。 解:由题可知u=1.1,d=0.9,r=0.08,因而风险中性概率为: p=(e0.08×0.5-0.9)/(1.1-0.9)=0.7041 期权的价值是: (0.70412×21+2×0.7041×0.2959×0+0.29592×0) e-0.08=9.61 6、假设市场上股票价格S=20元,执行价格X=18元,r=10%,T=1年。如果市场报价欧式看涨期权的价格是3元,试问存在无风险的套利机会吗?如果有,如何套利? 解:看涨期权的理论价值为:S-Xe-rT=20-18e-0.1=3.71,大于期权的报价3元,会引发套利活动。套利办法:卖空期权的复制组合的同时按市价买进期权。具体如下:套利者可以购买看涨期权并卖空股票,现金流是20-3=17;17以10%投资一年,成为17 e0.1==18.79。到期后如果股票价格高于18,套利者以18元的价格执行期权,并将股票的空头平仓,则可获利18.79-18=0.79元。若股票价格S(T)低于18元,套利者可以购买股票并将股票空头平仓,盈利是18.79-S(T)>0.79元。套利头寸见下表: 套利头寸 套利头寸 即期现金流 远期现金流 S(T)≥100 S(T)<100 买入1单位看涨期权 -3 S(T)-18 0
卖空1单位股票 +20 -S(T) -S(T)
买入面值为17的无风险债券 -17 17 e0.1 (18.79) 17 e0.1 (18.79) 套利结果 0 0.79 18.79-S(T)
7、股票当前的价格是100元,以该价格作为执行价格的看涨期权和看跌期权的价格分别是3元和7元。如果买入看涨期权、卖出看跌期权,再购入到期日价值为100的无风险债券,则该投资组合是股票的复制品。试问无风险债券的投资成本是多少?如果偏离了这个价格,市场会发生怎样的套利行为? 解:无风险债券的投资成本为P,股票的复制组合头寸见下表: