英语学习-美国常识

美国常识

作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:45:37)

美国常识

美国用餐常识

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中国菜着重色、香、味，西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项：

1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；

2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚）；

3）一般都应事先预订餐位：

4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；

5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%～15%）。

Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good a nd often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is mostly fi ne.

Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆

Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four h

ours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves "family restaurants". Ma ny of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelettes(炒蛋) and sandwiches, and all are at very reas onable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children\'s portios(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are "speciatly" restaurants . They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc.

When to Eat 供餐时间

Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11

：30 a.m.(midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.

In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an e

vening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. , than waiting until later.

Reserving a Table 预订餐位

Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to

make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting fo r tables at restaurants-it\'s more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, i f there is one-but there queues more quickly.

Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆

When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit

down-unless you see a sign saying "Please seat yourself" . Usually you will have to wait for a "hostess" or "captain"(领班) to escort(陪同) you to a tab le . Often there will be a sign that reads "Please wait to be seated".

Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaur

ant is crowed . It just isn\'t done.

Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows.

One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your wai

ter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally) an

d will keep on refilling it throughout th

e meal. (Most American are incapabl

e o

f eatin

g a meal without drinking something at the same time.)

When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one

person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately , except

in the most expensive restaurants.

Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者

You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you ar

e (You\'re supposed just to say "Fine"), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.

To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call "Bill", or "M ary", or "Claude", or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introd uce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names.

Paying the Bill 付款

The bill (often called the "check") comes usually with tax added but n

o service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiq uette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lun ch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis o f the total before the addition of tax.

At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than p

ay at a cash desk on the way out

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作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:46:33)

美国人的酒

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酒的种类

美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、鸡尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。啤酒有淡啤酒和浓啤酒之别

；包装采用瓶装、听装和壶装。鸡尾酒和“混合饮料”含有很浓的酒精成分，饮用方式

一般有加冰和不加冰两种，其配制方式各种各样。威士忌也是一种烈性酒，而且呈油状，分为黑麦威士忌和苏格兰威士忌。葡萄酒分为红、白两种，但值得注意的是：标有“Chablis”商标的葡萄酒并非法国所产的无甜味的白葡萄酒，而是美国加利弗尼亚州生产的白葡萄酒，该酒在美国享有盛誉。

Beer

American beer, with very few exceptions, varies from the mediocre(普通的) to the terrible. There are not many types of beer in the US—"light" and " dark" are two terms commonly used.

It is therefore normal to order beer simply by brand name. In a restaura nt, in fact, it is quite all right to order "a beer", and they will tell you what they have.

It is not necessary, either, to specify quantity when ordering beer. If

it comes in bottles or cans, you will get a bottle or can, and if it\'s "on t ap"(可以随时取用的) you will get a glass, unless you order a "pitcher"(有嘴和柄的大酒罐 i.e.a jug). The latter is very convenient thing to do, since you can then take the jug and glasses to your table and keep filling up without going back to the bar. (It is harder, however, to know how much you have dru nk.)

Some beer comes in bottles with tops that look as if they need an opener , but you can, in fact, screw(拧开) them off by hand—though you have to be

very careful not to hurt yourself. It is possible, in some stores and bars, to find a wide selection of beer from all over the world, especially Western Europe and Australia, and it is good fun to experiment with these.

Cocktails

Cocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger i n the USA than in Europe, and visitors may not be familiar with some of the terminology(术语). "On the rocks", as you probably know, means with ice, whi le "straight up" or "up" means neat and without ice.

There are hundreds of different cocktails, and there is no space here to lis t all the different names.

The Hard Stuff

In America "whiskey" means bourbon(一种烈性威士忌酒，最初为美国肯塔基州B ourbon地区所产) unless otherwise indicated. Bourbon is a rather oily spirit made from maize(玉米). Rye(黑麦威士忌酒) whiskey is called "rye" and Scotch whiskey "Scotch".

Wine

In bars wine can often be bought by the glass. Don\'t be misled by names such as "Chablis" is used to refer to white wine, and "Burgundy" to red—Ame ricans seem never to have heard of white Burgundy.

饮酒与法律

在美国及各州、市、县对饮酒都制定了相关的法律。顾客要饮酒必须达到法定的年

龄，一般规定在18至21岁以上。顾客进酒吧时，常需接受保安人员对其年龄进行核实。此时，只需出示自己的驾照或其他有效证件即可，因为这些证件上注有持证人的出生日期。

Alcohol(含酒精的饮料) and the law

It is difficult to give a description of American laws concerning alcohol be cause they vary from state to state and city to city. The following, though, may be noted.

Some towns,even state are totally is sold at all except that they allow the sale of very weak (3.2 percent alcohol) beer,known as "three-two" beer. Some places do not allow the sale of alcohol on Sundays, even in shops—you may find a bar locked over the alcohol shelves. You can see it but not buy it! O ther places permit alcohol to be sold on Sunday afternoons and evenings, but not on Sunday mornings. (Note that this means sales have to stop at midnigh t on Saturday.)In many parts of America, you are not allowed to drink alcoho l in a public place.That is, you may not sit in a parkor walk along a street drinking beer, and you cannot even take a nice bottle of wine on your picni c. In some places, people can be seen taking drinks in public places from ca ns wrapped in brown-paper bags. These are not cans of Coca-Cola. And in many states you are not allowed to drink alcohol while driving, or even have an opened alcohol container in the car. Some bars have a license(执照) only for beer and wine. Others are also allowed to sell spirits(烈性酒) and thus, as Americans say, "mixed drinks".

Many bars have a period known as "happy hour", often longer than an hour, wh en they sell drinks at lower-than-usual prices. This is usually around 5 p.m . and may be only on certain days of the week.

The Legal Drinking Age

Legal drinking age varies from place to place but is generally between 18 to 21. Some places permit the consumption(消费) of beer at 18 but spirits only

at 21. Others permit the consumption only of "three-two" beer from 18 to 21 . (Young people therefore often drive from one place to another with more li beral drinking laws.) In any case, in some parts of the USA young people are allowed to vote, marry, raose children, keep full-time jobs, be tried in co urts as adults, join the army and even buy guns—but NOT have a glass of bee r. In some places people aged between 18 to 21 are allowed to go into bars b ut not allowed to drink.Another even more interesting aspect of American dri nking-age laws is that in some places people below legal drinking age are no t even allowed to sell alcohol.

Providing Proof of Your Age

In most places these drinking laws are fairly rigidly enforced(严格地实施). You may, for example, find people lining up to get into a bar and discover t hat the queue is caused by a guard on the door who is asking everybody for I ou that he actually wants confirmation(确认) of how old you are. On such occ asions Americans often show their driving licenses, which have their date of birth written on them.

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作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:47:06)

美国的自行车一族

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发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Fri Apr 4 08:32:59 2003), 转信

进入本世纪中叶，自行车在美国作为旅行工具已被小车所取代，甚至中学生开始驾车上学。现在，美国人在马路上骑的自行车不是为了代步，而是以锻炼身体为目的。美国的街道上一般没有自行车专用道，因此，骑自行车时得特别小心才是。在行驶中，若要转弯时，需作出相应的手势：向左转弯伸出左手示意即可，向右转弯时，仍要伸出左手，弯肘，使前臂与地面形成角度，手臂与头部基本平齐。

Cycling

While the rest of the world carried on cycling during the 1950s and 1960 s, America forgot how;even high-school children would drive to school. Recen tly there has been something of a renaissance in cycling, and in many areas it is a very useful way of getting around , especially where bike paths or b ike routes have been established. You may well want to buy, hire or borrow a bike.

There are two important consequences(后果) of this earlier decline in cy cling in the USA. One is that many people do not know how to cycle. That is , cyclists often behave more like pedestrians(行人) than motorists: they rid e on the pavement(人行道) or on the wrong side of the road; they ignore stop signs and traffic lights; they ride without lights at night;they give no ha nd signal(示意). The other consequence is that cycling is regarded by many p eople not so much as a way of getting from A to B but as a way of life, a fo rm of exercise, etc. As a result , large number of young Americans have ten- speed racing bikes. These are very hight and fast and great if you are cycli ng long distance , riding up mountains or racing. At first , though, you may find them awkward(笨拙) for cycling in town, sight-seeing or shopping--they are expensive, uncomfortable and hard to control until you get used to them

, and unsuitable for bumpy(崎岖不平的) groundor stony roads.

There are also ordinary bikes around. If you get hold of one of these , you may find that the brake(刹车) work by pedaling(踩踏板) backwards. This i s perhaps safer than ordinary brakes when it is wet, but it seems to be less effective. This arrangement also means you can\'t pedal backards in orderto get the pedals in the right place for getting on or moving off.

Hand Signals

One thing you should note is that the hand signals Americans are suppose d to give differ from most other countries\'. If you are turning left, you st ick out your left hand. But if you are turning right, you do not stick out y our right hand. Instead , you stick out your left arm and bend if at the elb ow(肘) so your forearm is at right angles to the ground and your hand is abo ut level with your head.

Cycling on the Right

When you travel by bike, always ride on the right of the road. The safes t way to turn left is to stay at the edge of the road, stop opposite the poi nt that you want to cross to and then go straight over when the road is clea r.

Locking up Your Bike

Do be very careful about locking your bike up. You will notice many Amer ican cyclists carrying enormous chains(链条) for this purpose,and you will s ee that in many areas they take pains to pass the chain throught the frame a nd both wheels and to attach the bike to something fixed like a lamp post.Yo u will even see people taking their front wheel off and carrying it with the m when they leave the bike. Stealing bikes(especially ten-speed bikes) is ob viously big business.

Cycling Gear

Because of the sporting/exercise-oriented associations of cycling, Ameri cans very often wear sporting type clothing , Americans very often wear spor ting type clothing when on a bike, and women very rarely wear skirts or dres ses. Many cyclists also wear light crash helmets(防撞头盔).

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作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:47:27)

美国的铁路网

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美国的铁路网在十九世纪中叶经历了它的鼎盛时期之后便逐渐衰败。如今幸存下来的铁路已为数不多，而且年久失修，路况很糟。现在，火车主要用来运送货物。不过，乘火车旅行非常舒适，可观赏沿途的自然风光，了解各地的民族风情。但是，火车的运行速度太慢慢，从纽约至旧金山需时三天。另外，火车票价并不比飞机票便宜。

Trains The rail network

in the USA is not good enough.Many routes simply have to be traveled by

road or air. The routes that are covered, moreover, have very few trains on them(e.g.Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, one train per day).By way of c omparison, the journey from Los Angeles to San Francisco(about 400 miles:645 kilometers) takes about one hour by plane, nine hours by bus and about ten hours by train.The well-traveled East Coast route from Boston to Washington, however, is fast enough, comfortable, and has a frequent service.

Most of the long-distance trains are run by Amtrak, a nationawide Govern ment-sponsored body(政府资助机构）, which owns the trains and tries very har d. However, for reasons not best known to us all, Amtark does not own the tr acks that the trains run on. These are owned , generally, by private compani es. On some routes , therefore, the tracks are in poor condition, and the tr ains, as a result, are often late.

Tickets and Reservations

Traveling by train in the USA is rather like traveling by air. For examp le, it is advisable on many routes, especially away from the East Coast, to buy your ticket in advance-most travel agents display Amtrak signs, and you can buy tickets from them. Some long-distance train are "reservatons require d" trains; and you can make a reservation at the same time as buying your ti cked(This can sometimes be done by phone). Having a reservation, however, do es not mean that you are given a particular seat. It simply guarantees(保证) you a seat on the train-so, if you want to be sure of sitting with family o

r friends, get there early if you are boarding a teminus.(You may even have to line up to the platform)(站台), or wait in a lounge(候车室), as at an air port. )On some long-distance routes, particular in summer, it is a good idea to book well in advance. If trains are booked up no extra coaches(铁路客车) are added-there aren\'t any. And, of course, if you want sleeping accommooda tion, you have to reserve that.

You Luggage

One thing you should know is that, again as at an airport, it is possibl e at larger stations and for longer journeys to check in any baggage you wil l not need with you on the journey.It then reappears at the other end. (If y our luggage is large , you may be somewhat forced to check it in.) facilities(设施) on Board

Once you get on , the trains are usually very comfortable, spacious(宽敞的) and relaxing, though extremely slow.

Smoking is often not allowed in the seating accommodation. (It is allowe d,funnily enough, in the bus-room, which can be quite spacious, at least on the older trains, with the toilet seperate from the washing facilities and s eats to sit on if you have to wait to get into the toilet. There are often s eparate bathrooms for men and women.) Smoking is also allowed , unfortunatel y for non-smokers, in the dining car, in bars.

The dining-cars(餐车) don\'t do a bad job, and you can often get drinks a nd snacks(小吃) all day long in the bar-car. Note , however , that the alcoh ol regulations of the state you are passing through apply also on the train.

In spite of obvious weaknesses, them , Amtrak offers the possiblilty of covering large distances in comfort and of seeing all the country in between rather than just a couple of airports at either end. However, train travel

is not necessarily cheaper than air travel , especially if the airline happe n to be offering cheap rates on the route.

作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:47:49)

美国的航空运输

美国地源辽阔，有无数的自然及人文景观让人流连忘返。我们给大家介绍在美国旅行的五种方式。在美国，乘飞机旅行省时、舒适、方便，而且便宜，从西海岸的旧金山或洛杉机飞越本土到达东海岸的波士顿或纽约需五个半小时，往返票价不倒五百美元。如逢优惠期或是旅游淡季，三百美元足矣。

Air Trave

Air services in the USA are generally excellent and relatively inexpensi ve, and travel by air is a very convenient(方便的) way of getting around suc h a large country.there are often cut-price arrangements that foreign visito rs are able to get, especially if you book before you leave home, but these change from year to year, so you should check with a travel agent. There are also, from time to time, price-cutting wars and other competitive struggles between the different internal airlines, so it is sensible to make inquirie s about what the b est deals are at any given time. (American travel agents will know better about these.) It may well be that some airlines are offerin g better prices or better arrangemengts than others for the particular journ ey you want to make.

Note that in America a return ticket is called a "round-trip" ticked, an d a single ticket is called "one-way" ticket.

Major Internal(国内的) Airlines

The major airlines for internal flights include American Airlines, Couti nental, Delta, Eastern, Northwest Orient, Unite and Western. Airlines coveri ng smaller areas of the country include Frontier(the West), Ozark(Midwest), Pacific(West Coast), Republic(the South and Midwest), Texas, and US Air(the Northest).

American Airports

American airports are organized on a rather different basis from those i n China.For obvious reasons the international sections(国际航班区) are very small, and the domestic(国内的) sections, which normally include flights to Canada and Mexico, are very large by comparison. The airports are organized by different airlines; each has not only separate check-in desks but also se parate gates, lounges(候机室) or even terminals(旅客集散地). It is especiall y important, therefore, to know which airline you are flying with.

At American airports it is very often possible for people who are not tr aveling themselves to accompany passengers on domestic flights right to the departure gate, provided that they also pass through the security check(安全检查). Similarly, arriving flights can be met right at the gate.

Baggage Allowance

Baggage regulations(规定) are the same as for international flights, and passengers are allowed to take free of charge two pieces of luggage, (each weighing no more than 70 pounds or 32 kilos) if the length＋height＋width of one does not exceed(超过) 65 inches(1.65 meters).

Checking in

When you check in at an airport you can request a smoking or a non-smoki ng seat. However, current(目前的) American law requires that everybody who w ants a non-smoking seat must be given one. In other words, the non-smoking s ections on planes must be made larger enough in order to meet the needs of e veryone who wants this type of seating. And even in smoking secyions it is n ot permitted to smoke cigars or pipes.it is very possible to check in for a

flight at the departure gate if you are taking only hand baggage.

Service on Board

Some internal flights are long-it takes seven or eight hours to fly from Seattle(西雅图) to Miami(迈阿密), for example, and five and a half hours to fly from Los Angeles(洛杉机) to Boston(波士顿). Service on longer flights i

s very much like that on international flights. Passengers are provided with meals, drinks and films. The longer flights usually offer frist class and t ourist rates while short flights often make no difference in fares.

作者：Jennifer 2005-9-29 16:48:15)

美国的州名来源

发信站: BBS汕头大学郁金香站 (Fri Apr 4 08:36:39 2003), 转信

美国州名的来源(1)潘恰地名志或地名研究(Toponymy)属于历史语言学范畴。历史语言学家对地名的来源作了相当的研究。美国内务部曾汇集了一批能干的语言学家，成立了专门机构，其任务是对美国的地名来源进行研究，给以准确的解释。

在美国的地名中，一半以上始源于印第安语。其余的始源于欧洲，如纪念皇帝皇后

，或某一特殊地区，还有是为纪念历史重要人物及记载历史活动的。

由于语言和文化是休戚相关的，人们通过研究地名的始源，可以了解关于这个国家

的背景。历史活动，甚至价值观。

笔者从不同的资料汇集了美国洲名的来源，供学习研究英语、美国历史与文化的人

们参考。

ALABAMA（阿拉巴马）：来源于巧克陶印第安语，意思是 "thicket-clearers" 或者 "v egetation-gatherers"，"拓荒者"或者"打草人"。

AlASKA（阿拉斯加）:来源于阿留申语，意思是"great land"或"that which the seas breaks against"，"伟大的土地"或"分割海的地方"。

ARIZONA（亚利桑那）：来源于印第安语 "Arimnac"，意思是"hule spring"，"小泉水" 。

ARKANSAS（阿肯色）：来源于印第安语，意思是"a breeze near the ground"，"靠近地面的微风"。

CALIFORNIA（加利福尼亚）：来源于法语 "Califerne"，是一部11世纪法国史诗中所想象的地方。

COLORADO（科罗拉多）：来源于西班牙语，意思是"ruddy"或"red"，"红色的"。CONNETICUT（康涅狄格）：来源于印第安语，意思是"beside the long tidal river", "在长长的潮河旁"。

DELAWARE（德拉华）：纪念托马斯·魏斯特爵士"Sir Thomas West, Lord De La Warr" ，德拉华河和德拉华湾也以此命名。

FRORIDA（佛罗里达）：来源于西班牙语，意思是"feast flowers(Easter)"，"花的节日"，即复活节。

GEORGIA（乔治亚）：纪念英国的乔治二世皇帝。In honor of George II of England.

HAWAII（夏威夷）：来源不确定。这个群岛可能是以其发现者夏威夷·罗亚(Hawaii Lo a) 命名，也可能以传统的波利尼西亚人的家乡Hawaii or Hawaiki命名。

IDAHO（爱达荷）：来源于印第安语，意思是："gem of the mountains", "山中的宝石"；另一种说法的意思是"Good morning""早上好"。

ILLINOIS（伊利诺）：来源于印第安语加上法语后缀，意思是"tribe of superior men "，"贵人的土地"。

INDIANA（印第安纳）：来源于印第安语，意思是:"land of Indians"，"印第安人的土地"。

IOWA（依阿华）：来源于印第安语，意思是"the beatiful land"，"这块美丽的地方"，另一种说法是"the sleepy ones"，"爱睡觉的人们"。

KANSAS（堪萨斯）：来源于苏族印第安语，意思是"people of the south wind", "南风的人们"。

KENTUCKY（肯塔基）：来源于易洛魁印第安语"Ken-tah-ten"，意思是"land of tomorr ow"or"the dark or bolldy ground"，"希望的土地"，或"黑色的沃上"。

LOUISIANA（路易斯安那）：纪念法国路易十四世皇帝，"In honor of Louis XIV fo F rance".

MAINE（缅因）：纪念英国查理一世皇后海丽塔·玛丽亚，"Henrietta Maria, Queen f o Charles I of England"据说她拥有过法国的缅因省，"Theprovince of Mayne in Fr ance"

MARYLAND（马里兰）：纪念英国查理一世皇后海丽塔·玛丽"In honor of Henrietta M aria, Queen of Charles I of England".

MASSACHUSETTS（麻萨诸塞）：来源于印第安语，意思是"great mountain place"，"伟大的山地"。

MICHIGAN（密执安）：来源于印第安语，意思是"great lake"or"big water"，"大湖"。

MINNESOTA（明尼苏达）：来源于达科他印第安语，意思是"sky-tinted water","天色的水域"。

MISSISSIPPI（密西西比）：来源于印第安语，意思是"father of waters"，"水之父"。

MISSOURI（密苏里）：来源于印第安语, 意思是"town of the Large canoes"，"大独木舟之乡"。

MONTANA（蒙大拿）：由J.M.阿西从拉丁词典中选的词，是拉丁化的西班牙语，意思不详。

NEBRASKA（内布拉斯加）：来源于澳托印第安语，意思是"flat water"，"平川之水"。

NEVADA（内华达）：来源于西班牙语，意思是"snow-capped"，"雪山"。

NEW HAMPSHIRE（新罕布什尔）：来源于英国的罕布什尔郡，"Hampshire"。

NEW JERSEY（新泽西）：来源于海峡的泽西岛，"the Channel Isle of Jersey"。NEW MEXICO（新墨西哥）：来源于墨西哥，"the country of Mexico"。

NEW YORK（纽约）：纪念英国的约克公爵，"In honor of the English Duke of York" 。

NORTH CAROLINA（北卡罗来纳）：纪念英国的查理一世，"In honor of Charles I of England".

NORTH DAKOTA（北达科他）：来源于达科他印第安语，意思是"allies"or"leagued"，" 同盟"或"联盟"。

OHIO（俄亥俄）：来源于印第安语，意思是"great river"，"大河"。

OKLAHOMA（俄克拉荷马）：来源于巧克陶印第安语，意思是"red people"，"红种人"。

OREGON（俄勒冈）：来源不明。人们一般认为这个名字第一次在1778年由乔那森·卡佛(Jonathan Carver)使用，取自于英国军官罗伯特·罗杰斯(Robert Rogers)之书。PENNSYLVANIA（宾夕法尼亚）：纪念维廉·宾爵士"Sir William Penn”，意思是"penn \'s Woodland"，"宾的树林"。

RHODE ISLAND（罗德岛）：来源于希腊的罗德岛，"the Greek Island of Rhodes"。SOUTH CAROLINA（南卡罗来纳）：纪念英国的查理一世皇帝，"In honor of Charles I of England"。

SOUTH DAKOTA（南达科他）：同北达科他。

TENNESSEE（田纳西）：来源于柴罗基印第安语，意思是："the vines of the big ben

TEXAS（德克萨斯）：来源于印第安语，意思是"friends"，"朋友"。

UTAH（犹他）：来源于犹特印第安语，意思是"people of the mountains"，"山里人"。

VERMONT（佛蒙特）：来源于法语"vert mont"，意思是"green mountain"，"绿山"。VIRGINIA（佛吉尼亚）：纪念伊丽莎白一世英国圣洁女皇，"In honor of Elizabeth I ，\'Virgin Queen\' of England"。

WASHINGTON（华盛顿）：纪念乔治·华盛顿，"In honor of George Washington"。WEST VIRGINIA（西佛吉尼亚）：同佛吉尼亚。

WISCONSIN（威斯康辛）：法语化的印第安语，意思不详。

WYOMING（怀俄明）：德拉华印第安语，意思是"mountains and valleys alternating" ，"起伏的山谷"。

Alabama AL 亚拉巴马Montgomery 蒙哥马利

Alaska AK 阿拉斯加Juneau 朱诺

Arizona AZ 亚利桑那Phoenix 菲尼克斯

Arkansas AR 阿肯色Little Rock 小石城

California CA 加利福尼亚Sacramento 萨克拉门托

Colorado CO 科罗拉多Denver 丹佛

Connecticut CT 康涅狄格Harford 哈特福德

Delaware DE 特拉华Dover 多佛

District of columbia DC 哥伦比亚特区

Florida FL 佛罗里达Tallahassee 塔拉哈西

Georgia GA 佐治亚Atlanta 亚特兰大

Hawaii HI 夏威夷Honolulu 火奴鲁鲁

Idaho ID 爱达荷Boise 博伊西

Illinois IL 伊利诺斯Springfield 斯普林菲尔德

Indiana IN 印第安纳Indianapolis 印第安纳波利斯

Iowa IA 爱荷华Des moines 得梅因

Kansas KS 堪萨斯Topeka 托皮卡

Kentucky KY 肯塔基Frankfort 法兰克福

Louisiana LA 路易斯安那Baton Rouge 巴吞鲁日

Maine ME 缅因Augusta 奥古斯塔

Maryland MD 马里兰Annapolis 安那波利斯

Massachusetts MA 马萨诸塞Boston 波士顿

Michigan MI 密歇根Lansing 兰辛

Minnesota MN 明尼苏达St.Paul 圣保罗

Mississippi MS 密西西比Jackson 杰克逊

Missouri MO 密苏里Jefferson City 杰斐逊城

Montana MT 蒙大拿Helena 海伦娜

Nebraska NE 内布拉斯加Lincoln 林肯

Nevada NV 内华达Carson City 卡森城

New Hampshire NH 新罕布什尔Concord 康科德

New Jeresy NJ 新泽西Trenton 特伦顿

New Mexico NM 新墨西哥Santa Fe 圣菲

New York NY 纽约Albany 奥尔巴尼

NorthCarolina NC 北卡罗来纳Raleigh 罗利

North Dakota ND 北达科他Bismarck 俾斯麦

Ohio OH 俄亥俄Columbus 哥伦布

Oklahoma OK 俄克拉何马Oklahoma City 俄克拉何马城Oregon OR 俄勒冈Salem 塞勒姆

Pennsylvania PA 宾夕法尼亚Harrisburg 哈里斯堡

Rhode Island RI 罗得岛Providence 普罗维登斯SouthCarolina SC 南卡罗来纳Columbia 哥伦比亚

South Dakota SD 南达科他Pierre 皮尔

Tennessee TN 田纳西Nashville 纳什维尔

Texas TX 得克萨斯Austin 奥斯汀

Utah UT 犹他Salt Lake City 盐湖城

Vermont VT 佛蒙特Montpelier 蒙比利埃

Virginia VA 弗吉尼亚Richmond 里士满

Washington WA 华盛顿Olympia 奥林匹亚

West Virginia WV 西弗吉尼亚Charleston 查尔斯顿Wisconsin WI 威斯康星Madison 麦迪逊

Wyoming WY 怀俄明Cheyenne 夏延