01_INTRO TO 6 SIGMA
合集下载
西格玛常识

Seth Kaleon, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1 I
Do Not
2
3
Change Change
1 II
1 III
2
3
2
3
When Intuition Leads Us Down the Wrong Path Data Can Set Us Straight
your chances to win the car?
Door #1
Door #2
Door #3
ASK MARILYN
You are in error-and you have ignored good counsel-but Albert Einstein earned a dearer place in the hearts of the people after he admitted his errors.
Frank Rose, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Your logic is in error, and I am sure you will receive many letters on this topic from high
school and college students. Perhaps you should keep a few addresses for help with
US. Army Research Institute
You are indeed correct. My colleagues at work had a ball with this problem, and I dare say that most of them-including me at first-thought you were wrong!
1 I
Do Not
2
3
Change Change
1 II
1 III
2
3
2
3
When Intuition Leads Us Down the Wrong Path Data Can Set Us Straight
your chances to win the car?
Door #1
Door #2
Door #3
ASK MARILYN
You are in error-and you have ignored good counsel-but Albert Einstein earned a dearer place in the hearts of the people after he admitted his errors.
Frank Rose, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Your logic is in error, and I am sure you will receive many letters on this topic from high
school and college students. Perhaps you should keep a few addresses for help with
US. Army Research Institute
You are indeed correct. My colleagues at work had a ball with this problem, and I dare say that most of them-including me at first-thought you were wrong!
(英文版)六西格玛6个sigma黑带系列六:Introduction Week Two(外企专用)

✓ 1. Six Sigma Overview ✓ 2. Recognizing Improvement Opportunities ✓ 3. Defining Opportunities in Sigma TRAC ✓ 4. Meet Minitab® ✓ 5. Data Collection and Analysis
Six Sigma Introduction to Week Two
Module One
1
W2-1 Intro to Week Two.ppt
Welcome and Introductions
▪ Please pick up your name tag. ▪ Sign-in sheet:
Please sign-in and provide the following information:
Think! Answer the question in your workbook.
Go to your workbook to complete an exercise.
Use the flipchart to assist with the exercise.
Complete the activity within the allotted time.
Some Details…
▪ Timing:
8 - 6 Monday through Thursday 8 - 12 Friday Do NOT schedule meetings during training
▪ Breaks:
Approximately one 7 minute break each hour
5
Discuss exercise with your tablemates.
Six Sigma Introduction to Week Two
Module One
1
W2-1 Intro to Week Two.ppt
Welcome and Introductions
▪ Please pick up your name tag. ▪ Sign-in sheet:
Please sign-in and provide the following information:
Think! Answer the question in your workbook.
Go to your workbook to complete an exercise.
Use the flipchart to assist with the exercise.
Complete the activity within the allotted time.
Some Details…
▪ Timing:
8 - 6 Monday through Thursday 8 - 12 Friday Do NOT schedule meetings during training
▪ Breaks:
Approximately one 7 minute break each hour
5
Discuss exercise with your tablemates.
6 sigma introduction汇编

分析
试
验
过
设回 计归
分 析
假 设 检 验
组 织 原 因
Multi Vari
程 分 析
第三步: 分析Analyze
过程分析Process analysis:过程之门以及数据之门
分析过程可以做到: 你想像的过程是 过程实际上是什么 过程本来应该是什么样子 过程应该成为什么样子
分析过程,区分什么是价值增值,什么是非价值增值的部分,精益生产的方 法的应用.
第一步:定义(Define)
项目(Project): 6 sigma 工作方式是以项目方式运作的,定义 要做的工作以及团队的宪章,包括项目的范围与目的,从而了 解你过程的边界.
定义团队的宪章
团队的目的; 重要性; 工作范围(重点与方向) 目标应是可实现的 目标应是可测量的 团队可以使用的资源
通过数据你要回答什么样的问题?
项目名称
测什么
数据
测量类型/数据 类型
怎样测量
操作定义与过程
要记录什么样 样本有无特殊 记录在什么地
的测量条件
要求
方
你怎样保持数据的一致性
数据收集具体计划? 数据显示的方式是怎样的?
第 2步: 测量Measure
样式(Patterns): 分析数据的样式,了解什么是普通变量,什么 是特殊变量.
福特的 6西格玛项目中,2001年节省成本3.25亿元
联信(Allied Signal):它使公司可以节约85M万美元去新建一座工厂以满足客 户的需要,同时每年还可以此省下$30M-$50 M的成本.
6西格玛是什么?
, 希腊符号,在统计学上,称为标准偏差,用于度量数据的离散程度。
σ水平与缺陷率的关系
六西格玛管理-IntroductionofSixSigma 精品

Introduction of Six Sigma
Belton Group
Rex Wong
Scope of Module
What is Six Sigma Why the need for Six Sigma How to apply Six Sigma
2
What is Six Sigma?
Optimum Level (1)
Time 10
Natural Variation under 1 (±31)
Why needs of Six Sigma?
The goal of Six Sigma is not to achieve six sigma
levels of quality (i.e. 3.4 dpmo). Six Sigma is about improving profitability; improved quality and efficiency are immediate by-products.
5
Six Sigma – A business strategy
Improved Sigma-Rating of Process Improved Product or Process Quality
Reduced Cost of Operations Greater Customer Satisfaction
22
Breakthrough Improvement
Special Variation
Natural Variation (±30) Baseline ~ NID(0, 0²)
Reject Rate
Goal ~ NID(1, 1²) Entitlement
Belton Group
Rex Wong
Scope of Module
What is Six Sigma Why the need for Six Sigma How to apply Six Sigma
2
What is Six Sigma?
Optimum Level (1)
Time 10
Natural Variation under 1 (±31)
Why needs of Six Sigma?
The goal of Six Sigma is not to achieve six sigma
levels of quality (i.e. 3.4 dpmo). Six Sigma is about improving profitability; improved quality and efficiency are immediate by-products.
5
Six Sigma – A business strategy
Improved Sigma-Rating of Process Improved Product or Process Quality
Reduced Cost of Operations Greater Customer Satisfaction
22
Breakthrough Improvement
Special Variation
Natural Variation (±30) Baseline ~ NID(0, 0²)
Reject Rate
Goal ~ NID(1, 1²) Entitlement
(英文版)六西格玛6个sigma黑带系列十四:第三周介绍 Introduction(附有测试题目)

W3-1 Intro to Week Three_Inst.ppt
Black Belt Training
Week One 5 Self-taught Modules
✓ 1. Six Sigma Overview ✓ 2. Recognizing Improvement Opportunities ✓ 3. Defining Opportunities in Sigma TRAC ✓ 4. Meet Minitab® ✓ 5. Data Collection and Analysis
✓ 5. Validate the Measurement System
✓ 6. Evaluate Process Behavior
✓ 7. Evaluate Process Capability
PROJECT
✓ 8. Identify Potential Xs
MANAGEMENT
Week Three Analyze Phase
Some Details…
▪ Timing:
8 - 6 Monday through Thursday 8 - 12 Friday Do NOT schedule meetings during training.
▪ Breaks:
Approximately one 7 minute break each hour.
6. Control Phase 7. Error-proofing
VSM
8. Summary
Project Presentations
Week Five: Review Projects through Improve Phek Three_Inst.ppt
Week Four Improve & Control Phases
Black Belt Training
Week One 5 Self-taught Modules
✓ 1. Six Sigma Overview ✓ 2. Recognizing Improvement Opportunities ✓ 3. Defining Opportunities in Sigma TRAC ✓ 4. Meet Minitab® ✓ 5. Data Collection and Analysis
✓ 5. Validate the Measurement System
✓ 6. Evaluate Process Behavior
✓ 7. Evaluate Process Capability
PROJECT
✓ 8. Identify Potential Xs
MANAGEMENT
Week Three Analyze Phase
Some Details…
▪ Timing:
8 - 6 Monday through Thursday 8 - 12 Friday Do NOT schedule meetings during training.
▪ Breaks:
Approximately one 7 minute break each hour.
6. Control Phase 7. Error-proofing
VSM
8. Summary
Project Presentations
Week Five: Review Projects through Improve Phek Three_Inst.ppt
Week Four Improve & Control Phases
SixsigmaintroductionGBtraining

六西格玛是什么?
消除变异的所有 来源
1) 一瞥 2) 目的 3) 哲学 4) 公式 5) 方法 6) 工具 7) 符号 8) 基准 9) 价值
8
是一种业绩水平
对过程能力的统计测量,也是进行比较的 基准
应用基本统计工具来帮助我们测量, 分析,改进和控制我们的流程
对客户的承诺,分享价值而获得和接受 的业绩水平
• Provide an understanding of how Six Sigma uses specific statistical tools through the DMAIC stages
• 提供对六西格玛怎样使用统计工具贯穿DMAIC阶段的理解
• Introduce the role of a Black Belt and players in the Six Sigma system • 介绍黑带在六西格玛系统中的任务
Commitment” * Ishikawa – “7 Basic tools of Quality”, Fishbone Diagram * Taguchi – Taguchi Design, QFD * Shingo – JIT, Error Proofing, SMED (part of Toyota Production System)
• Explain the Certification Process • 解释认证过程
History of Quality Movement
1920 1924 1950’s
Statistical theory applied in quality control Shewhart Control Chart Japan quality moves started with help from Juran, Deming & Feigenbaum,
六西格玛入门课程系列001:六西格玛简介(专业经典系统,建议收藏)
“焊接”,“油漆”和“装配”都是子过程。
The process runs horizontally through the plant, across the various sub-processes needed to make the seat frame.过程在工厂中是水平运行
的,其中交叉着各个生产座椅骨架必要的子过程。
Six Sigma as a Strategy
六西格玛作为一种策略
• Companies that implement Six Sigma as a change in business management methods…
公司实施六西格玛作为企业管理方法的一种变革…
– Change the organization’s EBIT structure to continually improve margin on sales改变组织EBIT结构不断提高销售利润
Our
Process 我们的过程
Process Output to Customers给客户的过程输出
A defect occurs when the process output does not meet the customer requirement.过程输出不能满足客户的要求时缺陷就产生了。
六西格玛的关键概念
1. Breakthrough 突破
– Discover opportunities that will lead to breakthrough.发现能产生突破的机会。
2. Process 过程
– Identify work processes to optimize. 确定需要优化的过程。
Six Sigma Overview_Mod_E_1-28-04.ppt
The process runs horizontally through the plant, across the various sub-processes needed to make the seat frame.过程在工厂中是水平运行
的,其中交叉着各个生产座椅骨架必要的子过程。
Six Sigma as a Strategy
六西格玛作为一种策略
• Companies that implement Six Sigma as a change in business management methods…
公司实施六西格玛作为企业管理方法的一种变革…
– Change the organization’s EBIT structure to continually improve margin on sales改变组织EBIT结构不断提高销售利润
Our
Process 我们的过程
Process Output to Customers给客户的过程输出
A defect occurs when the process output does not meet the customer requirement.过程输出不能满足客户的要求时缺陷就产生了。
六西格玛的关键概念
1. Breakthrough 突破
– Discover opportunities that will lead to breakthrough.发现能产生突破的机会。
2. Process 过程
– Identify work processes to optimize. 确定需要优化的过程。
Six Sigma Overview_Mod_E_1-28-04.ppt
6sigma方法
6sigma方法
6sigma方法,又称为六西格玛方法,是一种用于管理和改进业务流程和质量的方法。
它的目标是通过减少变异性和缺陷率,提高生产过程的稳定性和效率。
6sigma方法主要包括以下五个步骤:
1. 定义(Define):明确业务目标和客户需求,设定衡量成功的指标。
2. 测量(Measure):收集数据,了解当前业务过程的性能和问题。
3. 分析(Analyze):分析数据,找出问题的根本原因,并确定潜在改进的机会。
4. 改进(Improve):基于分析结果,制定改进方案并执行,以消除问题和提升业务过程的性能。
5. 控制(Control):建立控制机制,监控业务过程的稳定性和效果,确保持续改进和管理。
6sigma方法通常使用统计学和数据分析工具来支持决策和改进过程,例如流程图、控制图、假设检验、回归分析等。
它强调团队合作和数据驱动的持续改进,以提高效率、降低成本和增加顾客满意度。
6sigma方法最初由摩托罗拉公司引入,并在通用电气等公司得到广泛应用。
它也被认为是一种管理哲学和文化,鼓励员工参与到流程改进中,追求卓越和持续创新。
Introduction of Six Sigma(ppt47)精品资料
Belton Confidential: For training only
20
Project Definition
Improve time to market for all products Lead the industry in key technologies Create world-class manufacturing processes Develop strategic supplier relationships Provide best-in-class product and process quality Develop strategic relationships with key customers Become an employer of choice
Mistakes are reduced (or eliminated)
Improved process capability
Sigma rating goes up
Belton Confidential: For training only
9
Quality Breakthrough
Belton Confidential: For training only
19
Define
The Define phase sets the stage for a successful Six Sigma project by addressing the following questions:
Belton Confidential: For training only
14
Customers’ Needs Internal Metrics
六西格玛介绍解读
提供者 (宾馆)
顾客 (会议参加者)
- 温度适宜的咖啡 - 干净的杯子 - 干净整洁的餐具 - 称心的陈列 - Snack 服务
- 温度适宜的好咖啡 - 迅速的服务 (特 Refill时) - 容纳人员多,近处的化妆室 相谈场所
为什么有这种差异?
例1) 宾馆 Conference
顾客中心
Six Sigma的特征
12s
6s
0.01ppm
为什么Six Sigma是 3.4ppm?
Process平均经常不一定
u (平均值)
3.4ppm
LSL
USL
Process 平均从规格中心向左或向右移动 1.5s 从平均值到 USL或 LSL中,短的规格界限的距离为 4.5s 脱离规格的概率是 3.4ppm
4.5s
每时间7件邮件丢失 每周1.7件做错的手术 每年 68件开错的处方单
Six Sigma思考 - 我们怎么想,应怎样的姿势做事? Six Sigma信念 - “好品质Process,是指 以最低费用可以按期提供好品质的产品。” - “过程完善时,结果也完善, 因此可以达成 6水准。” - “结果不理想,过程(Process)中肯定有缺陷。” Six Sigma 文化
平均值
规格界限(USL)
-3σ -2σ -1σ μ +1σ +2σ +3σ
? 倍
规格界限(LSL)
1σ
从规格界限到平均值为止距离相当于标准偏差(σ)的几倍?
假如是定性 Process(没有平均移动)
6s
u (平均值)
0.01ppm
LSL
s
USL
意味着 USL和LSL 之间的距离是 12 。 ( 的 12倍 ) 脱离规格概率是 0.02ppm
顾客 (会议参加者)
- 温度适宜的咖啡 - 干净的杯子 - 干净整洁的餐具 - 称心的陈列 - Snack 服务
- 温度适宜的好咖啡 - 迅速的服务 (特 Refill时) - 容纳人员多,近处的化妆室 相谈场所
为什么有这种差异?
例1) 宾馆 Conference
顾客中心
Six Sigma的特征
12s
6s
0.01ppm
为什么Six Sigma是 3.4ppm?
Process平均经常不一定
u (平均值)
3.4ppm
LSL
USL
Process 平均从规格中心向左或向右移动 1.5s 从平均值到 USL或 LSL中,短的规格界限的距离为 4.5s 脱离规格的概率是 3.4ppm
4.5s
每时间7件邮件丢失 每周1.7件做错的手术 每年 68件开错的处方单
Six Sigma思考 - 我们怎么想,应怎样的姿势做事? Six Sigma信念 - “好品质Process,是指 以最低费用可以按期提供好品质的产品。” - “过程完善时,结果也完善, 因此可以达成 6水准。” - “结果不理想,过程(Process)中肯定有缺陷。” Six Sigma 文化
平均值
规格界限(USL)
-3σ -2σ -1σ μ +1σ +2σ +3σ
? 倍
规格界限(LSL)
1σ
从规格界限到平均值为止距离相当于标准偏差(σ)的几倍?
假如是定性 Process(没有平均移动)
6s
u (平均值)
0.01ppm
LSL
s
USL
意味着 USL和LSL 之间的距离是 12 。 ( 的 12倍 ) 脱离规格概率是 0.02ppm
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4
99% Good is Not Good Enough
5,000 incorrect surgical procedures each week 20,000 lost articles of mail each hour
No electricity for almost 7 hours each month
8
How Does Six Sigma Make the Difference?
Vision Philosophy Vehicle for: » Customer focus
» Breakthrough improvement
» Continuous improvement » People involvement
Improvement
Break throug h Strate gy
- Tra i ne d & D e di c ated I nd i vi du al s - Ana l y ti c al E xp erti se
St andard A pp roaches
• • • • • Cur ren t T oo l s Kai ze n L ean Man u f a ctu ri ng Re-e ng i ne eri ng T yp i c al TQM
Products
1. Improve time to market for all products 2. Lead the industry in key technologies Operations 3. Create world-class manufacturing processes 4. Develop strategic vendor relationships Customer 5. Provide best-in-class product and process quality 6. Develop strategic relationships with key customers Management 7. Become an employer of choice
99% Good (3.8 Sigma)
20,000 lost articles of mail per hour
Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day
99.99966% Good (6 Sigma)
Seven articles lost per hour
13
Quality Bren
Historical Level (0)
Natural Variation under 0
Reject Rate
(±30)
Optimum Level (1)
Natural Variation under 1
(±31)
10
Best-in-Class Average
Domestic Airline Flight Fatality Rate (0.43 PPM)
1
Company
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sigma Scale of Measure
6
Six Sigma Achieving Our Objectives
7
Seagate’s Seven Objectives
products through the achievement of Six Sigma levels of performance in everything we do.
*
10
Six Sigma Philosophy The Philosophy of Six Sigma is to apply a
15
Six Sigma - Performance Target
Sigma
3 Sigma
Long-Term Yield
93.32 %
Standard
Historical
4 Sigma
99.379 %
Current
5 Sigma
99.9767 %
Intermediate
6 Sigma
99.99966 %
To understand and effectively utilize the M.A.I.C. tool kit To understand how you will be affected by Seagate’s incorporation of Six Sigma methodology
- >7 0% I mp rov eme nt p er P roj e ct
Time in Years
1
2
3
4
5
The problem with conti n uous i mpro vements as the onl y g oal, Org anization sees i mprovement BUT l oses the game.
Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day
5
Where Does Industry Stand?
PPM
1,000,000
IRS - Tax Advice (phone-in) (140,000 PPM)
100,000
10,000
1,000
*
20
If we are so good at X, why do we constantly test and inspect Y? Focus on X rather than Y, as done historically
2
“Introduction to Six Sigma” Training Objectives
Define Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control Explain the definition and scope of Green Belt and Black Belt Define KPIV and KPOV Explain how process outputs are a function of the inputs Explain the value of measurement
3
Why Implement Six Sigma Now?
“Nothing New” » Most of the tools have been around for decades » Neglected due to difficulty and discipline
BUT
Worldwide competition » Makes neglect dangerous Computing resources » Makes application possible
1.7 incorrect operations per week
One short or long landing every five years 68 wrong prescriptions per year
One hour without electricity every 34 years
An Introduction to Six Sigma
1
Green Belt Training Objectives
To learn the systematic approach to Six Sigma problem solving
M before A before I before C
KPIV
Y=
KPOV
f (X)
To get results, should we focus our behavior on the Y or X?
Y Dependent Output Effect Symptom Monitor
X1 . . . XN Independent Input-Process Cause Problem Control
One unsafe minute every seven months
5,000 incorrect surgical operations per week
Two short or long landings at most major airports each day 200,000 wrong drug prescriptions each year No electricity for almost seven hours each month
structured, systematic approach to achieve breakthrough improvement across all areas of
our business.
11
What’s the Strategy?
Know what’s important to the Customer (CTQ’s)
Long-Run
16
What does a 6 sigma process looks like ?
Average Deviation from Mean
1
p(d)
p(d)
T
1
2
3
4
5
USL
6
3
This is a 6 Sigma Process
99% Good is Not Good Enough
5,000 incorrect surgical procedures each week 20,000 lost articles of mail each hour
No electricity for almost 7 hours each month
8
How Does Six Sigma Make the Difference?
Vision Philosophy Vehicle for: » Customer focus
» Breakthrough improvement
» Continuous improvement » People involvement
Improvement
Break throug h Strate gy
- Tra i ne d & D e di c ated I nd i vi du al s - Ana l y ti c al E xp erti se
St andard A pp roaches
• • • • • Cur ren t T oo l s Kai ze n L ean Man u f a ctu ri ng Re-e ng i ne eri ng T yp i c al TQM
Products
1. Improve time to market for all products 2. Lead the industry in key technologies Operations 3. Create world-class manufacturing processes 4. Develop strategic vendor relationships Customer 5. Provide best-in-class product and process quality 6. Develop strategic relationships with key customers Management 7. Become an employer of choice
99% Good (3.8 Sigma)
20,000 lost articles of mail per hour
Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day
99.99966% Good (6 Sigma)
Seven articles lost per hour
13
Quality Bren
Historical Level (0)
Natural Variation under 0
Reject Rate
(±30)
Optimum Level (1)
Natural Variation under 1
(±31)
10
Best-in-Class Average
Domestic Airline Flight Fatality Rate (0.43 PPM)
1
Company
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sigma Scale of Measure
6
Six Sigma Achieving Our Objectives
7
Seagate’s Seven Objectives
products through the achievement of Six Sigma levels of performance in everything we do.
*
10
Six Sigma Philosophy The Philosophy of Six Sigma is to apply a
15
Six Sigma - Performance Target
Sigma
3 Sigma
Long-Term Yield
93.32 %
Standard
Historical
4 Sigma
99.379 %
Current
5 Sigma
99.9767 %
Intermediate
6 Sigma
99.99966 %
To understand and effectively utilize the M.A.I.C. tool kit To understand how you will be affected by Seagate’s incorporation of Six Sigma methodology
- >7 0% I mp rov eme nt p er P roj e ct
Time in Years
1
2
3
4
5
The problem with conti n uous i mpro vements as the onl y g oal, Org anization sees i mprovement BUT l oses the game.
Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day
5
Where Does Industry Stand?
PPM
1,000,000
IRS - Tax Advice (phone-in) (140,000 PPM)
100,000
10,000
1,000
*
20
If we are so good at X, why do we constantly test and inspect Y? Focus on X rather than Y, as done historically
2
“Introduction to Six Sigma” Training Objectives
Define Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control Explain the definition and scope of Green Belt and Black Belt Define KPIV and KPOV Explain how process outputs are a function of the inputs Explain the value of measurement
3
Why Implement Six Sigma Now?
“Nothing New” » Most of the tools have been around for decades » Neglected due to difficulty and discipline
BUT
Worldwide competition » Makes neglect dangerous Computing resources » Makes application possible
1.7 incorrect operations per week
One short or long landing every five years 68 wrong prescriptions per year
One hour without electricity every 34 years
An Introduction to Six Sigma
1
Green Belt Training Objectives
To learn the systematic approach to Six Sigma problem solving
M before A before I before C
KPIV
Y=
KPOV
f (X)
To get results, should we focus our behavior on the Y or X?
Y Dependent Output Effect Symptom Monitor
X1 . . . XN Independent Input-Process Cause Problem Control
One unsafe minute every seven months
5,000 incorrect surgical operations per week
Two short or long landings at most major airports each day 200,000 wrong drug prescriptions each year No electricity for almost seven hours each month
structured, systematic approach to achieve breakthrough improvement across all areas of
our business.
11
What’s the Strategy?
Know what’s important to the Customer (CTQ’s)
Long-Run
16
What does a 6 sigma process looks like ?
Average Deviation from Mean
1
p(d)
p(d)
T
1
2
3
4
5
USL
6
3
This is a 6 Sigma Process