英汉句法翻译分句译法
英汉互译翻译技巧

• They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
• 他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
• 短语的分译即将英语的某个短语单独拿出 来译成一个独立成份、从句或并列句。如:
• 例1:We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.
• He told me such experience as I had never heard of before.
• 他给我讲述了他的经历,那些经历是我以 前从未听说过的。
• He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
• The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.
• 10点30分的时候,街上来往的车辆稀少了。
英汉翻译中常用的各种技巧
• 一、词类的转换 • 由于英汉两种语言在语法和习惯上存在差
异,在描述同一事物时,两种语言会使用 不同的词性。因此, 在翻译过程中, 有时 需要变换原词的词性,以有效的传达原文 的信息。常见的词类转换有一下几种。
5.英语副词→汉语名词
• It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting.
• 官方宣布, 巴黎应邀出席会议。
二、词类的增减
• 1. 增词:
• 增词法按照汉语的习惯,在中文译文中适 当添加英语中所没有的词语,以便满足汉 语语法修辞的需要或更明确的表达原文的 含义。如:
英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)

3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看:英语的句子好比参天大树,枝叶横生; 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波,层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法: • (1) 原文句子虽不长,但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭,不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • (2) 原文句子冗长,特别是那些曲折迂回,层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带,这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它,与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年,却从来没有真正了解
埃及人,这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.(他已经走了,有那一是条很举可世能的公。)
3.3.1 切断法(顺序法)
• 所谓切断法,就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”, 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如:
英汉句法的对比与翻译

The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen. 声明宣称:国际经济秩序必须改变,否则发达国家与发展 中国家之间的差距将继续加大。 The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982. 世界经济于20世纪60年代十分繁荣,每年平均以5.5%的 比率增长,到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4.5%的比率增 长,但在1981年至1982年期间完全停止了增长。
英语 显性 形摄 语法型
汉语 隐性 神摄 语用型
树形
形合 空间架 主语突出
竹形
神合 时间架 主题突出
立体性
聚集型
平面性
流散型
It’s raining at 5:30 p.m., on a dark, wintry day in northern California, where Karen, tired after her five-hour drive, is planning to check into her hotel before a business dinner meeting scheduled for 7:30. 加州北部,冬日的雨天,已是傍晚5:30,卡 伦已驱车5小时,感到疲惫不堪,她打算在 定于7:30开始的商务晚宴前赶到宾馆办理完 入住手续。
英译汉常用方法简述

人们在进行英译汉时,为了把英语句子表达的清楚并更符合汉语习惯,往往采用不同的翻译方法。现将人们常用的几种英译汉的方法介绍给大家,供翻译爱好者参考。
1. 选词法:
英语同汉语一样,有一词多义的现象。因此,在进行英译汉时,译者必须弄懂英语句子结构后,选出关键词最佳的词义。这种方法叫做选词法。但必须注意,在选词义时,首先应确定该词的词类,这样才能保证与原文不变。如:
与这个女孩结婚,他有点吃不消。(浅化法)
9. 倒译法:
英译汉时,有时会采取倒译手段使译文更符合汉语习惯。如: a. I shall have it where I want her.
我要它向东,它就不敢向西。
当然,在进行日常英译汉时,并不是所有的英语句子一定要按照上述介绍的翻译方法才能译成汉语,并且有些句子确实是无法按规则翻译的。因此 译者只要是用精炼、通俗和明了的汉语翻译出原文的原汁原味,就可说是成功了。
我喜欢中国食品。现在很多人都喜欢。这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧!
e. He has been pursued, day by day and year by year, by a most phenomental
a stonishing luckiness.
日复一日, 年复一年,他一直是吉星高造,无与论比。这真是令人惊叹。
a. - The son: How much did you suffer?"
- The old man: " Plenty."
孩子: "你吃了多少苦"?
老人:"一言难尽"
这里"plenty" 不译作"很多",而译作"一言难尽"更佳。
常用十大英汉互译翻译技巧

常用十大翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be?结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如:(1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。
(增译名词)(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
汉译英翻译技巧分析解析【范本模板】

汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从(Subordination)汉语句中各分句关系比较松散,所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在.句中重点往往在后.英译时,要突出重点或主句,其他部分可分别用介词短语,非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。
1、没有农业,人们就不能生存,社会生产就不能继续下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist,neither can social productionproceed。
2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti—hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists。
3、有人以为社会主义就了不起,一点缺点也没有,哪有这个事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect,without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、但是,象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的,前途总是光明的。
But as we have often said,while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字(Diction)在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语.1、每个民族都有它的长处,不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展?Every nation has its own strong points。
If not, how can it survive?How can it progress?2、树雄心,立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军.Foster lofty ideals,set high goals and march forward for the revolutionof modernization of science and technology.3、我国的社会主义建设,需要一个和平的国际环境,需要一个国内安定团结,天下大治的局面。
division 分译法

Division of Words – noun
At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
现在,人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的 态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。
因此汉英互译时不可亦步亦趋而必须根据英汉各自语言的特点灵活处division所谓切分就是指根据汉语的句法特点把英语的句子分解成两个或两个以上的单位以求译文在正确传达原文的思想内容的前提下明白晓畅
翻译方法 III:切分 Division
Division
英语的句子修饰语多且长,句子结构 复杂,特别是长句,宛如“参天大树,枝叶 横生”;而汉语句子的修饰语少且短,句子 结构呈直线型发展,宛如“万顷碧波,层层 推进”。因此,汉英互译时不可亦步亦趋, 而必须根据英汉各自语言的特点,灵活处 理。
Illogically, she hopes to pass the exam without learning hard. 她希望不用好好学就可以通过考试,这是 不合逻辑的。
Division of Words – adverb
We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
Division of Words – adjective
And that was where many of his other customers had gone, and stayed, so that his own poor living was cut in impossible half. 别的许多老主顾也往那儿跑,而且成了常 客。于是,他那可怜巴巴的生计就给打了 折扣,叫人受不了。
英译汉常用的方法和技巧

这些事件引起了我们的重视.
八. 分句法, 合句法(运用较多,且非常重要) 1. 分句法: 把原文中的一个单词译成句子, 使原文中的一个句子分
译成两个或两个以上的句子.
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们取得的经济成就而感到自豪, 这是合乎情理的. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted
与之相比. 2) 溶合法(把原文中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起, 译成一个独
立的句子, there be结构汉译时, 以及在科技英语中常用)
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你.
There are some metals which posses the great power of conduct electricity.
他想给他们增加些援助, 增添些武器, 增派些人员.
2. 为了生动(使用四字词组, 重叠, 四字对偶)
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事情现在已搞得满城风雨, 人人皆知了.
Target priorities were established there.
us in its grip, it is hard for us to recognize what ails (折磨) us. (Book 4, reading course, P67, L.18-20) 它不是突然发生的, 毫无戏剧性可言, 因此它就有了一个极大的优 势, 它悄悄地一点一点地吞噬我们的心灵,一旦被它完全控制, 我们 甚至很难看出是什么在折磨我们.
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英汉句法翻译分句译法句子的翻译技巧——分句法&合句法分句法改变句子结构的方法合句法分句法:拆句法,把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生,再做先生。
分句法:单词分译、短语分译和句子分译。
一、英语单词的分译(一)单词词义分译(二)单词搭配分译(三)灵活对等分译(四)修辞需要词语分译1、单词词义分译The little girl twirled mechanically a ribbon of her cap around one of her fingers.这个小女孩老是把帽子上的一段绸带在手指上绕过来,绕过去。
The maidservant inspected the dressing-table for dust with her hand.女仆用手抹抹梳妆台,看看有没有灰尘。
2、单词搭配分译1.主谓搭配分译2.动宾搭配分译3.状语与中心词的搭配分译4.定语与中心词的搭配分译Their wealth enables them to do everything.(SP)他们有钱,什么事都能干。
I always avoid the temptation to think about that matter.(VO)我总是克制自己,不去想那件事。
Some young people relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.(Adv-H)有些年轻人看见花就摘,一点也不爱惜。
(MH)Her lecture got a mixed reaction. . (MH)她的演讲引起的反响毁誉参半。
3、灵活对等分译Our little romantic friend formed visions of the future of himself.我们浪漫的小朋友憧憬着未来。
我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想,憧憬着美丽的未来。
4、修辞需要词语分译And in their further disputes she alwaysreturned to this point,returned to this point, ““Get me a situation—we hate each other, and I am ready to go., and I am ready to go.””从此以后他们每吵一次架,她就会回到老话题,说道:“给我找个事情,反正你恨我,我也嫌你,我愿意离开。
”Exercise:1. 1. That district was a veryThat district was a very apparent hot-spot.(adj )2. 2. His His informality impressed me deeply.(n )3. 3. The computer can give Mary the The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her :neither too fast nor too slow. (adj.)4. 4. They, notThey, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 5. Characteristically , Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watchedand learned.6. 6. She wasShe was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.7. 7. The ancients triedThe ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.二、英语短语的分译(一)短语词义分译(二)短语结构分译1.名词短语的分译 2.分词短语的分译 3.介词短语的分译He could not venture to approach her,or or tofor his sense communicate with her in writing,for hisof peril in which her life was passed was only to of peril in which her life was passedhis fear of increasing it.be equaled by his fear of他不敢贸然接近她,也不敢贸然和她通信,因为他一方面深知她的处境十分危险,一方面又深怕这样做会增加她的危险。
1. 1. The government forbade students to take part in the The government forbade students to take part in the parade, a rather difficult task.2. Strange enough, they were the same to the day. they were the same to the day.3. To compare two types of the social system in this country , we should know its past in detail., we should know its past in detail.4. 4. He is too ill He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.to have been anywhere but in bed.5. For all its great size, the machine moves noiselessly. themachine moves noiselessly.6. 6. He arrived in WashingtonHe arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.internationally.7. 7. He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds He was six feet one inch tall, weighed 185 pounds and had incredible speed and power.8. 8. I wrote four books in the first three years,I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.never touched before.9. S 9. She fell asleephe fell asleep with the lamp burning.10.10. I I’m surprised to learn that he lost the game.Men are too clever to let themselves be 11.11.Men are too clevercheated by fashion designers.Their power increased with their number.12. Their power increased12.13. Science and technology modernized, industry and agriculture will develop rapidly.rapidly.This was an intelligently organized meeting 14. This was an intelligently organized meeting 14.with Mr. Strong in the Chair. in Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the Chair.三、英语句子的分译句子分译:简单句的分译;并列复合句的分译;主从复合句的分译;其他情况的分译。
1. 1. The earth The earth The earth’’s revolution around the sun is known to all of us.known to all of us.2. 2. But another round of war in the region But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.relations.3. 3. Your refusal of such a good offer was veryYour refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.foolish.4. 4. A man A man A man’’s religion is the chief fact with regard to him.regard to him.并列复合句的分译并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1. 1. I sat with his wife in their living room,I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the backyards, and there was Allen's pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.The entire cable-car system recently got an 2. 2. The entire cable-car system recently got an overhaul after more than a century of operations, so you are on firm ground even if the streets seem to be tilting beneath you.主从复合句的分译英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两个以上的句子。