成人学位英语英译汉答题方法:选用恰当时态

成人学位英语英译汉答题方法:选用恰当时态
成人学位英语英译汉答题方法:选用恰当时态

成人学位英语英译汉答题方法:选用恰当时态

如何确定句子的时态是成人大学生在做汉译英题时经常遇到的难题。而时态选用错了,翻译出来的句子意思就会走样。要解决好这个问题,要求学生对和各种常见的主要时态的用法十分熟悉;尤其是对几种容易混淆的时态能加以区别,如一般过去时与现在完成时;一般过去时与过去完成时等。具体来说,可从以下几个方面考虑:

(1)据汉语句子中的时间状语确定英语译文的时态。

例1:他打算今年暑假学计算机。

【解题思路】从句中“打算今年暑假”便可断定,“学计算机”这个动作尚未执行,因此英语句子应该用一般将来时;此外,又因为“学计算机”是“打算”(计划)好了的,所以要用be going to do结构。这样,此句便轻而易举地译成了:He is going to learn computer this summer vacation.

例2:中国共产党成立于。

【解题思路】句中的时间,非常清楚地告诉我们:本句译成英语要用一般过去时。因本句译成:The Chinese Communist Party was founded in July1, 1921.

(2)根据汉语中的某些副词或助词来确定英语译文的时态。

例1:据我所知,实验正在顺利进行。

【解题思路】句中的“正在”就告诉我我们:英语句子要用现在进行时:The experiment is going on smoothly, so far as I know.

例2:我可能对你说过这件事,但现在我记不得了。

【解题思路】句中“说过”的“过”字就告诉我们本句英语前半部分要用过去时,但后半句中的“现在”又表明本句英语的后半部分要用一般现在时;前半部分和后半部分的逻辑关系是:“你”“可能”“说过”这一动作对“我”“现在”产生影响――“我记不得了”。由此可见,句子的前半部分要用过去完成时,后半部分用一般现在时。全句的译文是:I could have told you about it,but I don't remember it now.

(3)根据时态呼应关系,从整个句子意思来考虑选用时态。在复杂的英文句子中(包括有多个动作的句子),要注意时态的一致性。在一个英文句子或短文中首先要确定一个临界时态,然后根据这个临界时态来考虑别的动作的发生时间与临界时态的关系。

例1:他谈起来好像他到过月球似的。

【解题思路】这是一个复合句,句中没有明确的时间状语。首先我们要从主句的情况考虑本句的基本时态范畴。“他谈起来”这说明“谈”的动作已经过去,所以用过去时。由此可以确定:本句属于过去时的范畴(主、从句都得用过去时),这就叫“时态的一致性”。然后再比较主句和从句两个动作发生的时间先后。很显然,本句中“谈”发生在“到”之后。即:“谈”是“过去”,那么,“到”则是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。本句译文是:He talked as if he had been on moon.

例2:我回来的时候,我儿子正在听收音机。

【解题思路】这是一个带有时间状语从句的复合句。从汉语来分析,这句话显然是事后叙述的。“我回来的时候”中的“回来”这一动作已经发生,由此可以确定,此句属于过去时的范畴。这样,后半部分的时态就好确定了。“正在”是“过去正在”,用过去进行时。于是,此句译文便是:When I came back, my son was listening to the radio.

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例1:人们普遍认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。

【解题思路】分析了这个句子,我们可看出这是一个复合句:人们――认为(有固定句型表达这一意思)+ 司机―― 对―― 安全负责(是从句),这也是句子的主体部分,参照英语基本句型可译成:It is believed that…(人们认为):“对……负责”可以翻译成be responsible for;接着看剩下的部分:“对乘客的安全”可译成一个介词短语for the safety of the passengers;再加上其他修饰成分状语,于是最后的译文就是:It is generally believed that the bus driver should be responsible for the safety of the passengers.

例2:那是去年在纽约我第一次见到这位作家。

【解题思路】我们一看这句话的语气,就知道它应是一个强调句。英语强调句型的构成是“It + be + 被强调的部分+ that +余下的部分。”这里强调的是“去年(last year)”,“去年(last year)”是过去的时间,应该用过去时。于是,套入句型,前半部分便是"It was last year"。接着翻译从句,它的主要成分是:我见到这们作家;译成英语该是I met the author.再补上其他成分:“在纽约”是地点状语in New York:“第一次”(first)也是状语,修饰动词met.这样,句子就很快、很容易、很准确地译成了:It was last year in that I first met the author.

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Just as Adam was cast out of Eden, I was kicked out of university; but while his transgression was eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, my sin was ignoring the tree. After my dismal performance in my first year of university, I contemplated the reasons for my failure. Now, I understand the two factors that contributed to my downfall: the lack of a career goal and premature independence. 正如亚当被逐出伊甸园,我被撵出了大学校门:亚当违反的戒律是偷吃了善恶之树的禁果,我的罪恶就是无视知识之树。在我大学第一年差劲表现之后,我仔细考虑自己被逐出大学的原因。现在我意识造成我被逐出校园的两个因素:缺乏职业目标和过早的独立。 Without a career goal, I lacked direction and motivation. About halfway through my final year of high school, I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university, but until that time had not given any thought to what career I wanted to pursue. To silence their nagging, I told them I wanted to be an engineer. Though I got high marks in math, physics, and chemistry, I was bored with them, and my dislike of the science became apparent in the first four months of university. I failed all my science courses. 没有职业目标,我缺乏方向和动机,大约在中学最后一年过了一半时,我被父母追逼着到大学注册,但直到那时候我还未考虑我想追求什么职业。为了让他们不再说我,我告诉他们我想当一名工程师。虽然我在数学、物理和化学上得了高分,但是我对这些课感到厌倦,接着在大学的最初四个月里我不喜欢这些理科课程变得明显了。所有的理科课程都不及格。B. (1) 当他向朋友借钱时,又一次遭到拒绝,顿时勃然大怒。(fury)When he went to borrow money from his friend and was refused again, he flew into fury. (2) 在这次战役中,除了偶尔的无线电联络之外,麦克同部队之间的其它联系都被切断了。 (cut off) Mike was cut off from all but occasional radio communications with his armies in the campaign. (3) 我们正在向前走着,看到一只兔子突然从洞里跳出来,穿过田野。(pop up) As we walked along,we saw a rabbit pop up from it's burrow and scurry across the field. (4) 有人认为对加拿大整个地区的独家经销商来说,三百架钢琴的年销售量未免太保守了。 (sole) Someone thinks the annual sale of 300 pianos for a sole distributorship in Canada is rather conservative. (5) 有人认为,要结婚就应结为终身伴侣;法律对离婚者太宽大了。(lenient) Some people think if people marry, it ought to be for life, the laws are altogether too lenient with divorcees. (6) 在头四圈里,本杰明一直与那名德国赛车手并驾齐驱。(stay abreast of)Over the first four laps, Benjamin stay ed abreast of the German driver. (7) 速度、耐力和战术是选手在比赛中夺冠的重要因素。(tactics) Speed, endurance and tactics are important factors in gaining the victory. (8) 一支球队能够在常年锦标赛中不断的蝉联冠军,关键是临场状态奇佳、合作无间、斗志 高昂。(morale) A soccer team that remains championship year after year must have kept up it's extraordinary performance with close coordination among its high-morale members. Unit 4 英译汉:The capital account is a record of investment and capital transactions between a

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