定语从句专题讲座

定语从句专题讲座
林甸一中房亚春
一．基本概念
1.先行词：被定语从句的名词或代词所修饰，定语从句必须放在
先行词之后。

This is the engineer who will give us a talk. 其中who will give us
a talk 是定语从句，而先行词是the engineer.
2.关系词：
（1）关系代词：引导定语从句，并代替前面的先行词，且在从句中充当某个句子成分的词。

关系代词有：that, which, who,
whom, whose, as.
The man who has just left is my nephew (who 为关系代词，指人，在句中作主语)
（2）关系副词：where , when 或why 引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语，代替先行词分别表示地点，时间和原因。

This is the place where (= at which) he works.
This was the time when(= at which) he arrived
二．定语从句分类
1.限定性定语从句：是指句中不可缺少的组成部分，如果没有从
句，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整，从句和主句之间一般不用逗号分开。

He has two sons who work in the same company.
2.非限制性定语从句：对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句并不
影响主句意思的明确或完整，一般用逗号和主句分开。

She has two brothers, who are both doctors.
We went to see Comrade Wang, who gave us a hearty welcome 三．关系代词的用法
1.作用：关系代词引导定语从句，并替代先行词在从句中充当某
个句子成分。

2.作用
（1）只能用that不可以用which的情况
1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时。

2）当先行词前面有the only, the very ,any ,few, little, no ,all 等词修饰时
3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前面有形容词最高级时4）当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时
5）先行词既有人又有物时
6）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
（2）当先行词指事物时，定语从句中必须用which 情况
1）在非限定性定语从句中，只有which,如
They were invited to the country, which was a great honor to them 2) 作介词宾语时，只用which,如
This is a hours in which Lu Xun once lived
(3) who, whom 的用法
1) who和whom 用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，可用来指人。

She is the girl who/that lives next door.
That’s the girl who/whom/that I met
2)作主语时只用who, 做动词宾语或介词宾语时，用whom 是正式表达，用who 是非正式表达
This is the boy who was here yesterday.
(4) whose 的用法
Whose 用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作定语，用来指人或物。

可以看做是who 或which 的所有格形式。

This is the scientist whose achievements are well known
(5) as 的用法
关系代词既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as 可作主语，宾语，表语
Such +n +as…像..一样的
The same +n +as.. 和…同样的
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
(6) 关系代词as, which 区别
1）as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只置于主句之后，相同的两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是某个词。

如：
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect
2) 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth
3) 当非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是一个复合结构时，只能用which Betty always tells a lie, which made her parents angry
四．关系副词的用法
关系副词where，when, why 引导的定语从句。

当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词，其中when=表示时间的介词（如：in, at, on, during等）+ which; 其中where=表示地点的介词（如：in, at, on, under等）+ which; why = 表示原因的介词（如：for）+which。