英语语法系列讲座——系动词的类别及应用

连系动词的类别及其用法连系动词也称系动词（Link Verb），它本身具有实在意义，但不能单独作谓语，后边必须加上表语共同构成复合谓语。连系动词与其后面的表语合起来叫作系表结构。系表结构主要是为了说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

一、表示状态的系动词

用来说明主语的状态，只有一个be，但be在不同的人称和时态中有不同的形式，有am、are、is、was 和were ，后接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等作表语。例如:

The man is a science teacher.

Mary's new dresses were colorful.

二、表示持续性的系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand、continue和rest等，例如:

Please keep quiet.

Several problems remain to be solved. 几个问题仍有待解决。

I hope the weather will stay fine.

The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟。

in ruins严重受损，破败不堪。又如：

Within Germany, the city of Berlin lay in ruins.在德国，柏林市已经满目疮痍。

Mr. Black stands high in the public estimation.布莱克先生在公众中声望很高

The weather continues cold.

My grandfather will never rest idle. 我的祖父永远不会闲着。

三、表“像”系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem、appear和look，例如：

She seems very happy with the new job.

He appeared to be talking to himself. 他似乎在自言自语

She looks happy.

四、感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel、smell、sound、taste等，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态，其意思分别为“摸/闻/听/尝起来……”。这几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：

The tomatoes feel very soft.

These flowers smell very sweet.

The music sounds very pleasing to the ear.

The meat tastes delicious.

五、表示变化的系动词

这些系动词表示主语变化成什么样，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come 和run等，这些词后面大多数接形容词作表语，但become, turn, sound, remain, seem亦可接名词作表语，只是turn 若跟名词则不加冠词。例如：

She became a famous writer.

His cold is growing worse.

In autumn the leaves turn yellow.

They first met at university and later fell in love.

It's getting cold.

The milk went sour.

My shoe came loose.我的鞋子松了。

The river was beginning to run dry. 河水开始干涸 [hé] 。run dry 英 [r?n drai]美 [r?n dra?]

（乳牛）不产奶，干涸，涸竭，无滑润运转。

He turns doctor. = He becomes a doctor.

六、表终止的系动词

表示主语发出的动作已经终止，主要有prove和turn out，表达“证实”和“变成”之意。例如：

My advice proved( to be) wrong. 我的建议被证明是错误的

He proved a competent manager. 他证明是一个称职的经理。competent

英 ['k?mp?t?nt] 美 ['kɑmp?t?nt]

形容词. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的，合格的

The party turned out (to be )very successful.

The rookie turned out (to be) the best hitter on the team.

rookie英 ['r?ki] 美 ['r?ki] 名词. 新手，生手，（第一年参加比赛的）新队员

hitter英 ['h?t?(r)] 美 ['h?t?r] 名词. 击球手，要员，大亨

新秀成为了球队中最好的击球者

七、学习系动词的注意事项

1.特别要注意“be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的被动语态的区别。系表结构侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语，如：The door was closed. 被动语态侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me.

还要注意由“be+ V-ing”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的进行时态的区别。系表结构侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English. 进行时态侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr. Wang is reading an evening paper now.

2.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。

有些系动词也是实意动词，该动词表达实义时，有具体词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.

He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上掉下来

The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.unique英[ju:?ni:k]美[ju?nik]

adj.唯一的，仅有的，独一无二的，独特的，不平常的，特别的，超绝

The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细品尝鱼。chef英 [?ef] 美 [?ef] 名词. 尤指主厨。

3.系动词除了接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：

①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（显得），seem（似乎）等。例如：He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看起来好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来.fairy tales英[?f??ri ?teili:z]美[?f?ri telz]童话n.神话故事，童话，谎言（fairy tale的名词复数 )

She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there. 看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿

It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。

She felt as if her head were splitting.

The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 这条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。envelop 英 [?n'vel?p] 美 [?n'vel?p] 动词. 包，蔽，【军】包围.名词. 同“envelope”网络. 包装，折叠条，套膜

②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem和appear.不可用be、look。如：

It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.

It appeared that he was talking to himself.

③能用不定式作表语的系动词有be、seem、get、look、appear、prove、grow 等。

Her job is to look after the children.

He seems not to go with us.

She looks to be a young girl of twenty.

He didn’t appear to dislike it.

My advice proved to be wrong.

He will grow to like this work gradually. gradually 英 ['ɡr?d?u?li]美[?ɡr?d?u?li]副词. 渐渐地，逐步地

④能与there连用的系动词有：be、appear和seem. 如:

There appeared to be only one room. 那儿好像只有一个房间

There seems(to be)no need to go. there seems to后面一定要加be，其实就是there be 结构，中间插入seem to而已。好像没必要去。

⑤能接介词短语的有： feel, look, sound, taste, remain

It sounds like a train going under my room.

The concert remains in my memory.

4.系动词一般不用进行时。有的动词既是行为动词又是系动词，比如说look，那么就在它用作系动词的时候就不用进行式了，其他时候还是可以的。至于be动词，帮助构成进行式，当然自身不用与进行式。总之如果是系动词的话不用于进行式。其它不能用进行时的动词有：

（1)事实状态的动词

have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue

I have two brothers.

This house belongs to my sister.

(2)心理状态的动词

Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate

I need your help.

He loves her very much.

(3 )瞬间动词

accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

I accept your advice.

5.系动词无被动语态

英语中以下几种情况无被动语态：

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: 英语中以下几种情况无被动语态：

appear. die disappear. end (vi. 结束). fail. happen. last. lie. remain. sit. spread. stand break out. come true. fall asleep. keep silence. lose heart. take place.

After the fire. very little remained of my house.

比较: rise. fall. happen是不及物动词,raise. seat是及物动词.

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态.就须注意哪些动词是及物的.哪些是不及物的.特别是一词多义的

动词往往有两种用法.解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累.

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

fit. have. hold. marry. own. wish. cost. notice. watch agree with. arrive at / in. shake hands with. succeed in. suffer from. happen to. take part in. walk into. belong to

This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你所说的与我听到的相符。

3) 系动词无被动语态:

appear. be become. fall. feel. get. grow. keep. look. remain. seem. smell. sound. stay. taste. turn

It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词.反身代词.相互代词.不能用于被动语态:

die. death. dream. live. life

She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时.很少用于被动语态.

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

系动词练习题：

1. The drug __________ (to be) highly effective.

A. turned

B. became

C. proved

D. smelled

2. How sweet the music __________!

A. sounds

B. looks

C. remains

D. is

3. The big soldier __________ there except for his slightly moving lips.

A. kept calm

B. stood still

C. was quiet

D. lay silent

stood still站着不动。except for

英[ik?sept f?:]美 [?k?s?pt f?r]除…之外，若不是

4. This afternoon will be cloudy, _____ clear.今天下午阴转晴

A. feeling

B. tasting

C. falling

D. Turning

5. The actress is thirty-five years old, but she ___ a lot younger.

A. looks

B. appears

C. seems

D. feels

He appears quite young.

他显得年轻。

6. He ____ pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.他脸色苍白，衣服也搞得不成样子

A. looked

B. appeared

C. seemed

D. was looked frightful[英] [?fra?tf?l][美] [?fra?tf?l]

adj.可怕的；惊人的；令人毛骨悚然的；讨厌的，丑恶的；

7.His dream to be admitted into Beijing University has ______ true at last.

A. become

B. turned

C. grown

D. Come

be admitted into入

8.The silk made in Suzhou ___ smooth and soft.

A. is felt

B. is touched

C. feels

D. is feeling

silk英 [s?lk] 美 [s?lk] 名词. 丝绸，（蚕）丝，丝织物，（用于缝纫的）丝线

9.Things _____ to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.

A. turned out

B. turned

C. were proved

D. Showed

译文:结果情况正如教授所预见的一样

10. Holding the note in his hand, he stood there dumbfounded.

A. remained

B. stayed

C. kept

D. Stood

译文：他拿着钞票,站在那里,目瞪口呆。

11. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party.

A. get changed

B. get change

C. get changing

D. get to change

解析：get sth done 完成某事

在题中表示换衣服，有省略成分，补全应该为“you can't have time to get your clothes changed"

Sarah,快一点。恐怕没时间再给你换聚会的衣服了。

12. -- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.-- _________ good.

A. Sound

B. Sounded

C. Sounding

D. Sounds

试题分析：考查情景交际。句意：--我想知道我们能否在周末去滑雪。--听起来不错。答语省略了主语it，it指代go skiing on the weekend。故选D。

13. It remains ________ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.

A. seen

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. to see

remain+doing 表示现在一直处于的状态；

remain+to do 表示将来的动作，从句子后面的will就可以知道这里要用to do的形式。"这件事有待观察",故不定式要用被动语态.句意: 吉姆是否适合参加决赛,还有待观察.

14.The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. A. good B. better C. best D. Well

解析：the Smiths 史密斯夫妇

15. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. to seat

B. to be seated

C. seating

D. seated

解析：seat是及物动词,后常接反身代词作宾语。表示“坐下”时，常用be seated。remain和be一样都是系动词，后接动词+ed形式，表示“在飞机完全停下来前要坐在自己的座位上”。

16. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going

in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

句子还原：The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if （he was to see） whether he was going in the right direction.这句话意思是，我们跟踪的那个男人突然停下并四处张望好像在看他是否走了正确的方向。

17. –How long ___each other before they ____ married？--For about a year.

A. have they known, get

B. did they know were going to, get

C. do they know are going to, get

D. had they known, got

解析:认识”是在“结婚”之前,要用过去完成时态.

18. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ___ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

解析:系表get paid 很常用的搭配

19. As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

A. separated

B. spared

C. lost

D. missed

解析：separated 表示分开, divide 表分类,lost 表丢失,迷路,miss 表示丢失.separated from是固定搭配，从什么中分离出来.句子意思：当我们进入人群中，我和朋友们分开了

20.–How are the team playing? --They are playing well but one of them _____hurt.

A. got

B. gets

C. are

D. were

翻译：--这支队伍打得怎么样?--他们打得很棒,但是他们中有一个（队员）受伤了.

解释：虽然前面两个句子都使用了现在进行时,但是从题意还是可以明显看出：“队员受伤”这个动作已经发生了,所以后句还是应该使用一般过去时.排除BC.

One of them为单数,排除D.

中学语法_14_系动词

新概念英语：系动词的分类及用法大全系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）英语系动词的功能主要是把表语（名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句）和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。

初中英语语法知识梳理-动词

初中英语语法知识梳理－动词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。一）助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall 等。具体用法如下： 1、助动词be的用法如下： 1）构成各种进行时态。如： It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2）构成被动语态。如： The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如： They are to see an English film this evening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下： 1）构成疑问式或否定式。如： Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result. 2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如： They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如： He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二）情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago. be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：

初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编

一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 4．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is

2020考研英语：英语语法之系动词.doc

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初中英语语法动词一教案

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2018初中英语语法之连系动词

2018初中英语语法之连系动词各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始，中考网为各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考学科的知识点，主要是对初中三年各学科知识点的梳理和细化，帮助各位考生理清知识脉络，熟悉答题思路，希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩！下面是《2018初中英语语法之连系动词》，仅供参考！一、在口语中，有时可省略句中的连系动词。如： How you doing?近况如何? 说明：you前省去了are，特别是在美国英语中。 Your sister dead?你的妹妹死了? 说明：句首省去连系动词is。 Everybody gone?人都走了吗? 说明：句首省去连系动词is。 Everything in good condition.样样东

西都完好无损。说明：everything之后省去连系动词is。二、在比较结构中，than和as后的主语+系动词，通常可省略系动词。如：Sally is as intelligent as Bill.莎莉和比尔一样聪明。说明：Bill后省略了is。 He is as quick in answering as his sister.他回答得和他妹妹一样快。说明：sister后省略了is。 His sister is quicker than he.他妹妹比他敏捷。说明：he后省略了is。 I’m not as old as you.我没有你年龄大。说明：you后省略了are。三、承前省略连系动词。如： To know is one thing,and to teach quite another.知道是一回事，教又是一回事。说明：to teach后省去了is。

初中英语语法复习：动词的分类

2010年中考英语汇总--动词的分类概念：表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词的分类 1.按照在句子中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。说明：某些情况下，有些动词既可做实义动词，又可做助动词，例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（has是助动词。） 2. 按照后面是否有宾语，分为两类：及物动词（vt）、不及物动词（vi）。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 3. 根据是否受主语的限制，分两类：限定动词、非限定动词。例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings.） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。）说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。在这里我们多说一下to+动词原型，和ing形式。英语不同于我们的汉语，不可以两个动词联用。如，我们汉语说，我喜欢吃苹果。其中“喜欢”和“吃”是两个动词，汉语这样说没有问题，如果翻译成英语，就变成了“I like eat apple.”这种说法按照英语的规定是不对的。那怎么办呢，于是就在两个动词之间多了一个“to”，或者把第二个词加上ing.于是就变成了“I like to eat apple.或者I like eatting apple”这样说来，动词是不是很简单啦！ 4.根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类：单字词、短语动词、动词短语。例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 5.动词有五种形态：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

高中英语语法讲解-动词

5. 动词 1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。（has是助动词。） 3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 5.1 系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：