转态、正反

Chapter 4转态、正反

4.1转态译法

4.1.1 Introduction

英汉两种语言都有被动语态，但由于表达习惯上的差异，英语往往习惯用_____语态来表达，而汉语则________语态来表达。

e.g. That young man cannot be relied upon.

4.1.2 Definition

翻译过程中，把原文中的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态，就叫做转态译法。

4.1.3 英语被动语态的汉译

4.1.3.1 译成汉语主动句

e.g. The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.

e.g. When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.

e.g. Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

e.g. Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.

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e.g. The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.

e.g. She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.

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4.1.3.2 译成汉语无主句

e.g. Water can be shown as containing impurities.

e.g. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.

4.1.3.3 译成汉语判断句

e.g. Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

e.g. The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

4.1.3.4 译成汉语被动句

e.g. The minister was found to have appropriated government money.

e.g. He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.

4.1.3.5 常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译

e.g. It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.

e.g. It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural

science and social science.

下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法：

It is hoped that...

It is assumed that...

It is believed that...

It is rumored that...

It is noticed that...

It is suggested that...

It is proposed that...

It was told that...

It was first intended that... It will be said that... It will be seen from this that...

It was noted above that...

It can not be denied that...

It can be said without exaggeration that... It is unanimously agreed that...

It is alleged that...

It has been proved that...

It has been found that...

It should be realized that...

4.1.4 汉语的汉译

4.1.4.1 汉语被动句译为英语被动句

A）典型的汉语被动句：被、挨、叫、受、给、由、为。。。所、加以、予以。

e.g. 前年这个地区遭受了百年以来最严重的旱灾。

e.g. 窗户给砸得粉碎。

B）“是。。。的”句型

e.g. 我的童年时期就是在这个小乡村度过的。

e.g. 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。

C) 无形式标记的被动态

e.g. 那里讲什么语言？

e.g. 会议几点钟开？

e.g. 发现了错误，一定要改正。

4.1.4.2 汉语被动句译为英语主动句

e.g. 这个练习要做吗？

e.g. 这个句子最好这样解释。

4.1.4.3 汉语主动句译为英语被动句

e.g. 请大家按时交作业。

e.g. 必须指出，实现共产主义是一个非常漫长的历史过程。

4.2正反译法

e.g. What they found will surprise no one who has a teen or is a teen or just remembers

being a teen.

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 英译汉正转反

e.g. I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.

e.g. He was absent from his own country last year.

4.2.3 英译汉反转正

e.g. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.

e.g. The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time.

4.2.4 汉译英正转反

e.g. 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。

e.g. 这个小孩现在完全能自己走路了。

4.2.5 汉译英反转正

e.g. 请勿大声喧哗。

e.g. 还没到家，她就激动得不得了。

Chapter 4

1. Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.

2. When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.

3. What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.

4. Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.

5. The decision to attack was not taken lightly.

6. The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.

7. It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.

8. 这个问题必须予以严肃处理。

9. 作业必须按时完成。

10. Stop talking nonsense.

11. Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year.

12. 她光着脚走进了房间。

13. 她提前三天到达是我们没想到的。

14 That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.

15 The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.