英语语法归纳总结及倒装句(附答案)

倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。

如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就称为倒装结构；如果谓语全部放在主语之前，就称为完全倒装；如果只把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就称为部分倒装。

完全倒装1. 以here, there, now, then开头，谓语动词是be, come, go, follow 等词，主语为名词。

例：Now comes your turn to answer the questions.2. 以up, down, out, in, away, off 等表示移动方向的副词开头的句子, 谓语通常为go, come, rush, fly, fall 等不及物动词，主语为名词。

例：Out rushed the boy.【注意】以上两种句型中，若主语是代词，即使here, there, now, then, up, down, out, in, away, off 等放在句首，也不用倒装。

例：Out he rushed. Here you are!3. 表示地点的介词短语或副词(短语如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of theroom等) 位于句首，谓语是不及物动词，主语是名词。

例：Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.East of the city lies a big river.4. 表语位于句首，构成“形容词/ 现在分词/ 过去分词+连系动词+主语” 结构。

例：Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other guests.5. 代词such作表语，位于句首时。

例：Such are the facts: no one can deny (拒绝) them.6. 保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密时。

例：Inside the pyramids (金字塔) are the rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.例题赏析：— Is everyone here?— Not yet. Look , there _______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming【解析】谓语动词根据后面的主语可知是完全倒装，因此选择A。

完全倒装练习1. ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at2. ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.A. Jumped down the robberB. Jumped the robber downC. Down jumped the robberD. Down the robber jumped3. ________ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River________, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie5. For a moment nothing happened, then ________ all shouting together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come部分倒装1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

例：Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.【注意】（1）only在句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句需部分倒装。

（2）only在句首修饰主语时，句子不倒装。

例：Only Senior 3 students are allowed to enter this reading room.2. never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not, in no case等表示否定意义的副词或短语位于句首。

例：Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.3. 表示前句所说的某种情况也适合于另外的人或物，用“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”。

例：He is a teacher. So am I.【注意】（1）“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”是对前面内容的肯定或附和。

例：--- It is a fine day today. --- So it is.（2）若前句情况较复杂，既有否定又有肯定，或既有be动词又有助动词，则用“So it is with sb./sth.” 或“It is the same with sb./sth.”结构。

例：Tom is a student and he studies hard. So it is with his sister.4. not only…but also…连接并列的句子，且not only放在句首时，前句倒装，后句不倒装。

例：Not only does he know English well, but also he speaks fluent French.5. neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后两句都倒装。

例：Neither will he settle in America nor will he allow his children to do so.6. so…that…; such…that…中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前句倒装，后句不倒装。

例：So angry was the father that he could not say a word.（因为谓语动词只有一个be动词，因此be放在主语之前，形成全部倒装。

）So fast did time fly that half a year had gone by before I knew it.7. as引导的让步状语从句中，表语(名词、形容词)、状语(副词)、动词原形位于句首，主语和谓语语序不变。

表语是可数名词单数时，冠词省略。

例：Try as I would, I couldn’t make him change the plan.8. 当if虚拟条件句中谓语部分含有were, should 或助动词had时，可以省略if，把were, should或had放到句首，形成部分倒装。

例：Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go sightseeing.9. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。

例：Often have we made that test.10. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里例：May you succeed!例题赏析：1. —It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A. I have hadB. I hadC. have I hadD. had I【解析】never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。

2. Only when he reached the tea-house ______ it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realize【解析】Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装，故选D项。

部分倒装练习6. Little ________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does careD. does Rose care7. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went8. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would the residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted9. — Have you ever seen anything like that before?— No, ________ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seenC. never have I seenD. I have seen10. Only when the meeting was over________ go back to meet his friend.A. he couldB. he was able toC. was he able toD. was able to he倒装句练习1. Many a time ________ swimming alone.A. the boy wentB. went the boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy2. At no time ________ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.A. they actually brokeB. do they actually breakC. did they actually breakD. they had actually broken3. Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occur4. John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl5. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ________ it a thought.A. does he even givenB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even given6. Never before ________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A. had sheB. she hadC. has sheD. she has7. —It’s nice. Never before ________ such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A.I have hadB. I hadC. have I hadD. had I8. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours ________ a decisionA. they reachedB. did they reachC. they reachD. do they reach9. Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to10. So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was参考答案：1-5 DCAAB 6-10 ABCCC1-5 CCDDC 6-10 CCBCC。