世界文明史06试题

Chapter 6 The Transformation of the

Classical World

1) The marriage chest of Secundus and Projecta suggests

A) Rome had a shortage of silver that was collapsing the economy.

B) paganism was dominant in Rome.

C) the hereditary system of imperial succession produced emperors of mediocre talents such as Secundus.

D) Christianity was dominant in Rome.

E) both ancient Roman beliefs and early Christian beliefs were blending.

2) Rome?s military asserted greater

influence in the third century C.E. by A) senatorial cooperation in the dismantling of the old virtues.

B) front-line army commanders restructuring the empire in favor of the army.

C) dictatorial rule by the praetors, who subverted law instead of preserving it.

D) accepting reductions in pay.

E) debasing coinage to achieve the illusion of higher pay.

3) Which of the following was NOT a change in imperial military policy in the third century?

A) Commanders that had been created as emperors tried to increase military pay.

B) Frontier settlements were abandoned as military forces were withdrawn.

C) Soldiers were allowed to marry even while on active duty.

D) Capable soldiers could hope to rise to public office regardless of their birth.

E) Frontier settlements developed into traditional Roman towns and civilization.

4) Which of the following did NOT

represent a threat to the Roman frontiers in the third century?

A) The Sassanid dynasty in Persia

B) The Germanic barbarians on the Rhine and Danubian frontiers

C) The Mauryan dynasty in India

D) The Berber tribes of Africa

E) The Celts in Britain

5) Which of the following statements concerning the emperors of the third century is most accurate?

A) Most emperors were chosen from among the ranks of Roman senators.

B) Emperors radically reduced the

influence of the armies within the empire.

C) Emperors successfully overcame the economic problems of the day. D) Between 235 and 284 C.E., 17 of the 20 emperors were assassinated or killed in civil war.

E) Military emperors were more effective than hereditary emperors. 6) The average citizens suffered most of the economic burden because of A) the required love offering made to Janus, the double-headed god of fortune.

B) exorbitant financial sacrifices required by the gods.

C) demands of tribute made by the barbarians.

D) tax increases they could not avoid by bribing or intimidating tax collectors.

E) poorly planned and run Roman economy based on trade, not agriculture.

7) As Rome was racked with internal tension, the Germanic world was

A) expanding into an industrial giant.

B) rapidly disintegrating into smaller but more efficient national states.

C) regressing into a mosaic of broken tribal pieces.

D) developing into a number of powerful military tribal confederations.

E) divided into social classes of honestiores and humiliores.

8) External threats to Rome included the powerful Persians who, under Shapur I, defeated Emperor ________ and held him captive for the remainder of his life.

A) Augustus

B) Hadrian

C) Severus

D) Valerian

E) Maximinus

9) German social and economic organization was initially based on

A) Germanic kings strictly forbade raiding and violence between clans. B) Germanic communities were exclusively nomadic and pastoral.

C) men measuring their social status by cattle and martial ability.

D) Germanic society was matriarchal, with households dominated by women.

E) seafaring and trade with Rome.

10) What individual functioned like a

Roman ?Robin Hood? or b andit, indicating the desperate conditions of common people such as slaves, soldiers, and peasants in the late Roman Empire?

A) Bulla the Lucky

B) Spartacus

C) Maximinus

D) Tacitus

E) Bacaudae

11) According to Tacitus, Germanic kings of the second century

A) were myths invented by moralistic Roman writers.

B) were picked on the basis of noble birth.

C) had absolute authority.

D) were mere figurehead leaders.

E) were all powerful in social, political, and religious matters.

12) What upset the balance of power and wealth within the Germanic world?

A) slavery

B) contact with the Roman Empire

C) wergeld

D) the comitatus

E) Persian bribes

13) The Goths were unique as a

Germanic tribe in that

A) they never entered the Roman Empire.

B) they were led and controlled by a five-man council.

C) they were a settled people uninterested in warfare.

D) their kings exercised more military authority than was usual.

E) they conquered all other Germanic tribes.

14) Which of the following was NOT a reform for which Emperor Diocletian was responsible in the late empire?

A) The division of the Roman Empire into eastern and western parts

B) The emperor now took the titles dominus (?lord?) and Iovius (?god?).

C) The reduction of the bureaucracy of imperial administration

D) The militarization of Roman society to prepare the empire for victory

E) The concept of Tetrarchy, or rule by four

15) Which of the following groups lost power due to Diocletian?s reforms?

A) Civil administrators

B) Traditional Roman priesthoods

C) Decurions, members of local city councils

D) Soldiers

E) Centurions

16) Which of the following was NOT a part of Diocletian?s reign?

A) Destruction of the local city councils

B) Incorporation of civil administration into the military

C) Inability to control inflation

D) Binding small farmers to their land

E) Persecution of Christians

17) Diocletian?s persecution of the Christians began in what year?

A) 303 B) 285 C) 313 D) 312 E) 305

18) What tetrarchy leader took control of the Roman world after the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, using Christianity as his centralizing belief for a new Rome?

A) Constantine

B) Maxentius

C) Attila

D) Septimus

E) Constantius

19) What city formerly known as Byzantium became ?the new Rome? of Constantine?s reformed empire?

A) Antioch

B) Constantinople

C) Bethlehem

D) Alexandria

E) Londonium

20) What Christian bishop of Milan excommunicated the emperor Theodosius until the ruler did penance for the massacre of the citizens of Thessalonica?

A) Ambrose

B) Hugh of Lincoln

C) Hilary of Tours

D) Augustine of Hippo

E) Constantine of Byzantium

21) Christianity became the established state religion of the Roman Empire

A) as a direct result of barbarian invasions.

B) when pagan priests invoked Jesus to take Jupiter?s place.

C) in the first century C.E.

D) when Constantine converted to Christianity, followed by Theodosius? banning of other religions.

E) by miraculous conversions of all soldiers in 390.

22) In the fourth century the Christian population increased from 5 million, or about one-tenth of the Roman Empire, to ________, or about half of the empire.

A) 100 million

B) it actually decreased

C) 50 million

D) 30 million

E) 10 million

23) The Roman emperors utilized Christianity to

A) reunite their empire under pagan traditions.

B) enforce Arian teachings on the nature of god.

C) create salvation for all peasants and slaves.

D) help regain a measure of control in a crumbling Roman world.

E) support Gnostic views of Christian brotherhoods.

24) What was at the heart of the Christological controversies?

A) The nature of Jesus and God as united or separate and the nature of Jesus as human or divine

B) Whether the empire should be ruled

by bishops or by emperors

C) Whether the empire center was in Rome or Constantinople

D) Whether the Christian Church was centered in Rome or Constantinople E) What the authority of the Council of Nicaea was if any

25) Origen?s contribution to developing

a new European perspective was

A) turning Platonic and Gnostic thought into a rational, understandable philosophy.

B) the rewriting of scriptures for everyday life in a chaotic Rome.

C) his synthesis of the Neoplatonic tradition with Christian virtues.

D) Christianity and Manicheanism to form a plausible union of diverse values.

E) his final defeat of paganism.

26) What theologian was the primary opponent of the Donatists and Pelagians?

A) Augustine of Hippo

B) Anastasius

C) Justin Martyr

D) Origen

E) Arius