10.第十章 财务报告
河南XX职业技术学院财务管理办法(2024年)
XX院〔202X〕X号河南XX职业技术学院关于印发《河南XX职业技术学院财务管理办法（试行）》的通知校属各部门：现将《河南测绘职业学财务管理办法》印发给你们，请遵照执行。
河南XX职业技术学院 202X年X月X日河南XX职业技术学院办公室 202X年X月X日印发河南XX职业技术学院财务管理办法第一章总则第一条为规范我校财务行为，加强我校财务管理和会计监督，建立健全学校内部财务约束机制，提高资金使用效率，根据《中华人民共和国会计法》、《事业单位财务规则》和《高等学校会计制度》及国家有关法规，结合学校实际，制定本办法。
第二条本办法适用于学校所有党政管理部门、教学系部、教辅部门。
第三条学校财务管理坚持下列基本原则：执行国家有关法律、法规和财务规章制度的原则；勤俭办学的原则；正确处理事业发展需要和资金供给的关系，社会效益和经济效益的关系，国家、学校和个人三者利益关系的原则。
第四条学校财务管理的主要任务是：（一）合理编制学校预算，有效控制预算执行，完整、准确编制学校决算，真实反映学校财务状况；（二）依法多渠道筹集资金，努力节约支出；（三）建立健全学校财务制度，加强经济核算，实施绩效评价，提高资金使用效益；（四）加强资产管理，真实完整地反映资产使用状况，合理配置和有效利用资产，防止资产流失；（五）加强对学校经济活动的财务控制和监督，防范财务风险。
第二章财务管理体制第五条学校实行“统一领导，分级管理、集中核算”的财务管理体制。
“统一领导”是指学校统一财务政策、统一财务收支计划、统一财务规章制度、统一教育资源调配、统一财会业务领导；“分级管理”是指学校财务工作和财务收支在学校统一领导的基础上，明确校内各部门权责关系，按照事权与财权相结合的原则，由学校和校内各部门进行分级管理；“集中核算”是指学校财务处集中核算。
第六条学校财务工作实行校长负责制。
校长作为学校的法人代表，全面领导学校财务工作，承担财务工作经济责任；分管财务的副校长协助校长管理学校的财务工作，承担相应的领导和管理责任。
事业单位财务规则(2017年修正本)
事业单位财务规则（2017年修正本）公布机关：财政部公布日期：2017.12.04施行日期：2018.01.01效力：有效门类：财政（2012年2月7日中华人民共和国财政部令第68号发布根据2017年12月4日中华人民共和国财政部令第90号《财政部关于修改〈注册会计师注册办法〉等6部规章的决定》修正）第一章总则第一条为了进一步规范事业单位的财务行为，加强事业单位财务管理和监督，提高资金使用效益，保障事业单位健康发展，制定本规则。
第二条本规则适用于各级各类事业单位（以下简称事业单位）的财务活动。
第三条事业单位财务管理的基本原则是：执行国家有关法律、法规和财务规章制度；坚持勤俭办事业的方针；正确处理事业发展需要和资金供给的关系，社会效益和经济效益的关系，国家、单位和个人三者利益的关系。
第四条事业单位财务管理的主要任务是：合理编制单位预算，严格预算执行，完整、准确编制单位决算，真实反映单位财务状况；依法组织收入，努力节约支出；建立健全财务制度，加强经济核算，实施绩效评价，提高资金使用效益；加强资产管理，合理配置和有效利用资产，防止资产流失；加强对单位经济活动的财务控制和监督，防范财务风险。
第五条事业单位的财务活动在单位负责人的领导下，由单位财务部门统一管理。
第二章单位预算管理第六条事业单位预算是指事业单位根据事业发展目标和计划编制的年度财务收支计划。
事业单位预算由收入预算和支出预算组成。
第七条国家对事业单位实行核定收支、定额或者定项补助、超支不补、结转和结余按规定使用的预算管理办法。
定额或者定项补助根据国家有关政策和财力可能，结合事业特点、事业发展目标和计划、事业单位收支及资产状况等确定。
定额或者定项补助可以为零。
非财政补助收入大于支出较多的事业单位，可以实行收入上缴办法。
具体办法由财政部门会同有关主管部门制定。
第八条事业单位参考以前年度预算执行情况，根据预算年度的收入增减因素和措施，以及以前年度结转和结余情况，测算编制收入预算；根据事业发展需要与财力可能，测算编制支出预算。
事业单位财务规则
中华人民共和国财政部令第68号根据《国务院关于〈事业单位财务规则〉的批复》（国函〔1996〕81号）的规定，财政部对《事业单位财务规则》（财政部令第8号）进行了修订，修订后的《事业单位财务规则》已经部务会议审议通过，现予公布，自2012年4月1日起施行。
二〇一二年二月七日事业单位财务规则第一章总则第一条为了进一步规范事业单位的财务行为，加强事业单位财务管理和监督，提高资金使用效益，保障事业单位健康发展，制定本规则。
第二条本规则适用于各级各类事业单位（以下简称事业单位）的财务活动。
第三条事业单位财务管理的基本原则是：执行国家有关法律、法规和财务规章制度；坚持勤俭办事业的方针；正确处理事业发展需要和资金供给的关系，社会效益和经济效益的关系，国家、单位和个人三者利益的关系。
第四条事业单位财务管理的主要任务是：合理编制单位预算，严格预算执行，完整、准确编制单位决算，真实反映单位财务状况；依法组织收入，努力节约支出；建立健全财务制度，加强经济核算，实施绩效评价，提高资金使用效益；加强资产管理，合理配置和有效利用资产，防止资产流失；加强对单位经济活动的财务控制和监督，防范财务风险。
第五条事业单位的财务活动在单位负责人的领导下，由单位财务部门统一管理。
第二章单位预算管理第六条事业单位预算是指事业单位根据事业发展目标和计划编制的年度财务收支计划。
事业单位预算由收入预算和支出预算组成。
第七条国家对事业单位实行核定收支、定额或者定项补助、超支不补、结转和结余按规定使用的预算管理办法。
定额或者定项补助根据国家有关政策和财力可能，结合事业特点、事业发展目标和计划、事业单位收支及资产状况等确定。
定额或者定项补助可以为零。
非财政补助收入大于支出较多的事业单位，可以实行收入上缴办法。
具体办法由财政部门会同有关主管部门制定。
第八条事业单位参考以前年度预算执行情况，根据预算年度的收入增减因素和措施，以及以前年度结转和结余情况，测算编制收入预算；根据事业发展需要与财力可能，测算编制支出预算。
事业单位财务规则（2017法信汇编版）
事业单位财务规则（2017法信汇编版）文章属性•【制定机关】财政部•【公布日期】2017.12.04•【文号】中华人民共和国财政部令第90号•【施行日期】2018.01.01•【效力等级】部门规章•【时效性】失效•【主题分类】财务制度正文事业单位财务规则（2012年2月7日中华人民共和国财政部令第68号发布*“法信”平台根据2017年12月4日中华人民共和国财政部令第90号《财政部关于修改<注册会计师注册办法>等6部规章的决定》汇编整理）第一章总则第一条为了进一步规范事业单位的财务行为，加强事业单位财务管理和监督，提高资金使用效益，保障事业单位健康发展，制定本规则。
第二条本规则适用于各级各类事业单位（以下简称事业单位）的财务活动。
第三条事业单位财务管理的基本原则是：执行国家有关法律、法规和财务规章制度；坚持勤俭办事业的方针；正确处理事业发展需要和资金供给的关系，社会效益和经济效益的关系，国家、单位和个人三者利益的关系。
第四条事业单位财务管理的主要任务是：合理编制单位预算，严格预算执行，完整、准确编制单位决算，真实反映单位财务状况；依法组织收入，努力节约支出；建立健全财务制度，加强经济核算，实施绩效评价，提高资金使用效益；加强资产管理，合理配置和有效利用资产，防止资产流失；加强对单位经济活动的财务控制和监督，防范财务风险。
第五条事业单位的财务活动在单位负责人的领导下，由单位财务部门统一管理。
第二章单位预算管理第六条事业单位预算是指事业单位根据事业发展目标和计划编制的年度财务收支计划。
事业单位预算由收入预算和支出预算组成。
第七条国家对事业单位实行核定收支、定额或者定项补助、超支不补、结转和结余按规定使用的预算管理办法。
定额或者定项补助根据国家有关政策和财力可能，结合事业特点、事业发展目标和计划、事业单位收支及资产状况等确定。
定额或者定项补助可以为零。
非财政补助收入大于支出较多的事业单位，可以实行收入上缴办法。
事业单位财务规则
事业单位财务规则【发文字号】中华人民共和国财政部令第8号【发布部门】财政部【公布日期】1996.10.22【实施日期】1997.01.01【时效性】失效【效力级别】部门规章中华人民共和国财政部令（第8号）《事业单位财务规则》已于1996年10月5日经国务院批准，现予发布，自1997年1月1日起施行。
部长刘仲藜一九九六年十月二十二日事业单位财务规则第一章总则第一条为了规范事业单位的财务行为，加强事业单位财务管理，提高资金使用效益，保障事业单位健康发展，制定本规则。
第二条本规则适用于各级各类国有事业单位（以下简称事业单位）的财务活动。
第三条事业单位财务管理的基本原则是：执行国家有关法律、法规和财务规章制度；坚持勤俭办事业的方针；正确处理事业发展需要和资金供给的关系，社会效益和经济效益的关系，国家、集体和个人三者利益的关系。
第四条事业单位财务管理的主要任务是：合理编制单位预算，如实反映单位财务状况；依法组织收入，努力节约支出；建立健全财务制度，加强经济核算，提高资金使用效益；加强国有资产管理，防止国有资产流失；对单位经济活动进行财务控制和监督。
第五条事业单位的财务活动在单位负责人的领导下，由单位财务部门统一管理。
第二章单位预算管理第六条事业单位预算是指事业单位根据事业发展计划和任务编制的年度财务收支计划。
事业单位预算由收支预算和支出预算组成。
第七条国家对事业单位实行核定收支、定额或者定项补助、超支不补、结余留用的预算管理办法。
定额或者定项补助标准根据事业特点、事业发展计划、事业单位收支状况以及国家财政政策和财力可能确定。
定额或者定项补助可以为零。
少数非财政补助收入大于支出较多的事业单位，可以实行收入上缴办法。
具体办法由财政部门会同有关主管部门制定。
第八条事业单位参考以前年度预算执行情况，根据预算年度的收入增减因素和措施，测算编制收入预算；根据事业发展需要与财力可能，测算编制支出预算。
事业单位预算应当自求收支平衡，不得编制赤字预算。
分析财务报告的相关书籍(3篇)
第1篇一、前言财务报告是企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等方面的综合反映，是企业投资者、债权人、供应商、政府等利益相关者了解企业情况的重要途径。
财务报告分析是财务管理工作的重要组成部分，对于投资者、债权人等利益相关者来说，能够帮助他们做出更为明智的投资和信贷决策。
因此，学习财务报告分析的相关书籍对于从事财务管理工作的人员来说具有重要意义。
本文将介绍一本关于财务报告分析的书籍——《财务报告分析：理论与实践》。
二、书籍简介《财务报告分析：理论与实践》由我国著名财务学家、会计学家张志宏教授撰写，于2018年由高等教育出版社出版。
该书旨在帮助读者掌握财务报告分析的基本理论、方法和技巧，提高财务报告分析能力。
三、书籍内容《财务报告分析：理论与实践》共分为十二章，主要内容包括：第一章：财务报告概述本章介绍了财务报告的概念、作用、编制原则和程序，使读者对财务报告有一个初步的认识。
第二章：资产负债表分析本章详细讲解了资产负债表的结构、编制方法和分析技巧，包括流动资产、非流动资产、流动负债和非流动负债的分析。
第三章：利润表分析本章介绍了利润表的结构、编制方法和分析技巧，包括营业收入、营业成本、期间费用、利润总额和净利润的分析。
第四章：现金流量表分析本章讲解了现金流量表的结构、编制方法和分析技巧，包括经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动的现金流量分析。
第五章：财务比率分析本章介绍了财务比率的种类、计算方法和分析技巧，包括偿债能力、营运能力、盈利能力和发展能力等方面的分析。
第六章：财务报表综合分析本章讲解了如何将资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表结合起来进行综合分析，以全面了解企业的财务状况。
第七章：财务报表比较分析本章介绍了如何进行财务报表的比较分析，包括横向比较和纵向比较，以发现企业财务状况的变化趋势。
第八章：财务报表预测本章讲解了如何根据历史数据预测企业的财务状况，包括收入预测、成本预测和利润预测等。
第九章：财务报表舞弊识别本章介绍了财务报表舞弊的类型、手段和识别方法，帮助读者提高对财务报表舞弊的防范意识。
会计从业资格考试判断题汇总
会计从业资格考试判断题汇总基础会计判断题第一章总论1。
会计主体必然是一个法律主体，而法律主体不一定是会计主体。
（）2。
在会计核算中没有主体的会计是不存在的。
（）3. 填制和审核会计凭证是会计核算的一个重要方法 .( ）4。
货币计量为会计核算提供了必要的手段。
（ )5。
会计核算应当以货币作为唯一的计量单位.（）6. 资产与权益之间是独立关系。
（）7. 制造费用属于期间费用，应计入当期损益.（）8。
资产是一种经济资源，具体表现为具有各种实物形态的财产。
（）9。
企业与供应单位签订了 100000元的购货合同，因此可确认企业资产和负债同时增加 10万元。
（）10。
企业的资产来源于所有者和债权人，所有者和债权人都同时有权要求企业偿还他们所提供的资产.（）第二章会计要素与会计等式1．资本是投资者为开展生产经营活动而投入的资金，会计上的资本既包括投入资本也包括借入资本。
（）2．费用是企业发生的各项开支，以及在正常生产经营活动以外的支出和损失。
3．各单位必须根据实际发生的经济业务事项进行会计核算，编制财务会计报告。
4．企业发生的经济业务事项应在依法设置的会计账簿上统一登记、核算,不得私设账簿. （）5．使用电子计算机进行核算时，不一定要符合国家统一的会计制度的规定. （ ) 6．会计记录所使用的文字只能是中文，不允许使用民族文字或外国文字.( )7．库存现金和银行存款都是货币资金，股票则应作为有价证券。
( ）8．各项借款、应付和预付款项都是企业的债务。
（ )9．财务成果主要是指企业在一定时期内通过从事生产经营活动而发生的盈利或亏损。
10．财务成果的计算和处理一般包括利润的计算、所得税的计算、利润分配或亏损弥补等。
（ )第三章会计科目1。
所有的总分类科目下都必须开设明细分类科目。
( ）2。
借贷记账法下，账户的借方表示增加，贷方表示减少.( ）3. 会计科目与账户反映的内容是一致的，因而两者之间并无区别.（）4. 账户都是依据会计科目开设的。
国际财务报告准则- IFRS 10
国际财务报告准则 10 合并财务报表目标【1】本准则的目标是当某一个实体控制一个或多个其他实体时，建立列示与编制合并财务报表的原则。
达成目标【2】为了达到【1】所述的目标，本准则：（1）要求对其他一个或多个实体（子公司）实施控制的某一个实体（母公司）编制合并财务报表；（2）定义控制的原则，并将控制作为合并的基础；（3）制定应用原则以识别投资者是否控制了被投资者，进而必需合并被投资者；和（4）制定合并财务报表编制的会计规定。
【3】本准则并不涉及业务合并以及合并的影响，包括因业务合并而产生的商誉（参见 IFRS 3 业务合并）。
范围【4】母公司应当编制合并财务报表。
本准则应用于所有实体，除非：（1）当满足以下所有条件时，母公司可以不编制合并财务报表：（i）母公司是全资子公司，或者是另一个主体的部分拥有的子公司，但其他所有者，包括那些没有表决权，已被告知且不反对母公司不编制合并财务报表；（ii）该母公司的债务或权益工具并未在公开市场（国内或国外证券交易市场或者当地或区域性的场外交易市场）进行交易；（iii）母公司没有以在公开市场上发行任何类别的工具为目的，而向证券委员会或其他监管机构递交或正在递交财务报表。
（iv）母公司的最终控制方或其他任何间接控股母公司遵循IFRS的规定编制了可供公开使用的的合并财务报表。
（2）雇员离职后设定受益计划或应用《IAS 19 雇员福利》的其他长期雇员受益计划；控制【5】作为投资者，无论涉入一家实体（被投资者）的性质如何，需要通过评估其是否控制了被投资者来确认其是否为母公司。
【6】投资方控制了被投资方是指当投资方通过对被投资者的涉入面临可变回报的风险或取得可变回报的权利，并且通过主导被投资者的权力来影响投资者的回报金额。
【7】因此，当且仅当投资方具备以下所有条件时，投资方才控制了被投资方：（1）主导被投资者的权力；（2）通过对被投资者的涉入面临可变回报的风险或取得可变回报的权利；及（3）利用对被投资者的权力影响投资者回报金额的能力。
新编会计学原理(李海波)19版课后题第9、10章答案
新编《会计学原理》—基础会计练习答案第九章财产清查复习思考题1、财产清查有什么意义？运用财产清查手段，对各种财产物资进行定期或不定期的核对或盘点，具在十分重要的意义。
2、永续盘存制与实地盘存制有什么区别？哪些条件下适宜采用实地盘存制？哪些条件下适宜采用永续盘存制？永续盘存制亦称“账面盘存制”，是平时对单位各项财产物资分别设立明细账，根据会计凭证连续记载其增减变化并随时结出余额的一种管理制度。
实地盘存制是平时根据有关会计凭证，只登记财产物资的增加数，不登记减少数，月末或一定时期可根据期末盘点资料，弄清各种财物的实有数额。
3、为什么要清查库存现金和银行存款？清查库存现金是通过实地盘点进行的，用于现金的收支业务十分频繁，容易出现差错。
通过核对，往往会发现双方项目不一致。
4、如果遇到数量多、体积庞大、难以盘点的物资，如何确保其数量、质量的完好？1、查明差异，分析原因；2、认真总结，加强管理；3、调整账目，账实相符；4、无法归还的应付款项处理。
5、财产清查结果如有差异，在财务上应如何处理？财务部门对于财产清查中发现的差异以及差异的处理必须及时地进行账簿记录的调整。
具体应分两步进行：第一步：应将已经查明的资产盘盈、盘亏和损失等根据有关原始凭证（如财产物资盘存单等）编制记账凭证，据以记入有关账户，使各项财产的账存数同实存数完全一致。
第二步，按照差异发生的原因和报经批准的结果，根据有关批文编制记账凭证，据以登记入账。
习题一1、银行存款余额调节表（资料1）200×年7月31日2、因为银行对账单和未达账项均无误，而调节后的存款余额，企业多于银行，证明是企业银行存款日记账有误。
编制调节表时所发现的错误金额是：584 000-570 400=13 600(元)企业7月31日银行存款日记账余额应该是:535 000-13 600=521 400（元）200×年7月31日月末企业实际可用的银行存款余额为：570 4003、银行存款余额调节表(资料2)200×年8月31日调节后存款余额相等，证明企业和银行双方账目无误。
ifrs10国际财务报告准则10
IFRS 10 International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial StatementsIn April 2001 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) adopted IAS 27 Consolidated Financial Statements and Accounting for Investments in Subsidiaries, which had originally been issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee in April 1989. IAS 27 replaced most of IAS 3 Consolidated Financial Statements (issued in June 1976).In December 2003, the IASB amended and renamed IAS 27 with a new title—Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. The amended IAS 27 also incorporated the guidance contained in two related Interpretations (SIC-12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities and SIC-33 Consolidation and Equity Method—Potential Voting Rights and Allocation of Ownership Interests).In June 2008, the IASB amended IAS 27. This amendment, which related to accounting for non-controlling interests and the loss of control of subsidiaries, was done in conjunction with amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations.In May 2011 the IASB issued IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements to replace IAS 27. IFRS12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities, also issued in May 2011,replaced the disclosure requirements in IAS 27. IFRS 10 incorporates the guidance contained in two related Interpretations (SIC-12 Consolidation-Special Purpose Entities and SIC-33 Consolidation).© IFRS Foundation A369IFRS 10C ONTENTSfrom paragraph INTRODUCTION IN1–IN12 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD 10 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSOBJECTIVE1 Meeting the objective2 SCOPE4 CONTROL5 Power10 Returns15 Link between power and returns17 ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS19 Non-controlling interests22 Loss of control25 APPENDICESA Defined termsB Application guidanceAssessing control B2Purpose and design of an investee B5 Power B9 Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from an investee B55 Link between power and returns B58 Relationship with other parties B73 Control of specified assets B76 Continuous assessment B80 Accounting requirements B86 Consolidation procedures B86 Uniform accounting policies B87 Measurement B88 Potential voting rights B89 Reporting date B92 Loss of control B97C Effective date and transitionD Amendments to other IFRSsA370© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10FOR THE ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS LISTED BELOW, SEE PART B OF THIS EDITION APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF IFRS 10 ISSUED IN MAY 2011BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONSAPPENDIXPrevious Board approvals and dissenting opinionsAPPENDIXAmendments to the Basis for Conclusions on other IFRSsAMENDMENTS TO THE GUIDANCE ON OTHER IFRSs© IFRS Foundation A371IFRS 10International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10) is set out in paragraphs 1–26 and Appendices A–D. All the paragraphs have equal authority. Paragraphs in bold type state the main principles. Terms defined in Appendix A are in italics the first time they appear in the Standard. Definitions of other terms are given in the Glossary for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS 10 should be read in the context of its objective and the Basis for Conclusions, the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors provides a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance.A372© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 IntroductionIN1IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements establishes principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities.IN2The IFRS supersedes IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC-12 Consolidation—Special Purpose Entities and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Earlier application is permitted.Reasons for issuing the IFRSIN3The Board added a project on consolidation to its agenda to deal with divergence in practice in applying IAS 27 and SIC-12. For example, entities varied in their application of the control concept in circumstances in which a reporting entity controls another entity but holds less than a majority of the voting rights of the entity, and in circumstances involving agency relationships.IN4In addition, a perceived conflict of emphasis between IAS 27 and SIC-12 had led to inconsistent application of the concept of control. IAS 27 required the consolidation of entities that are controlled by a reporting entity, and it defined control as the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. SIC-12, which interpreted the requirements of IAS 27 in the context of special purpose entities, placed greater emphasis on risks and rewards.IN5The global financial crisis that started in 2007 highlighted the lack of transparency about the risks to which investors were exposed from their involvement with ‘off balance sheet vehicles’ (such as securitisation vehicles), including those that they had set up or sponsored. As a result, the G20 leaders, the Financial Stability Board and others asked the Board to review the accounting and disclosure requirements for such ‘off balance sheet vehicles’.Main features of the IFRSIN6The IFRS requires an entity that is a parent to present consolidated financial statements. A limited exemption is available to some entities.General requirementsIN7The IFRS defines the principle of control and establishes control as the basis for determining which entities are consolidated in the consolidated financial statements. The IFRS also sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidated financial statements.IN8An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee; Thus, the principle of control sets out the following three elements of control:© IFRS Foundation A373IFRS 10(a)power over the investee;(b)exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the investee;and(c)the ability to use power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns.IN9The IFRS sets out requirements on how to apply the control principle:(a)in circumstances when voting rights or similar rights give an investorpower, including situations where the investor holds less than a majorityof voting rights and in circumstances involving potential voting rights.(b)in circumstances when an investee is designed so that voting rights are notthe dominant factor in deciding who controls the investee, such as whenany voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevantactivities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.(c)in circumstances involving agency relationships.(d)in circumstances when the investor has control over specified assets of aninvestee.IN10The IFRS requires an investor to reassess whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control.IN11When preparing consolidated financial statements, an entity must use uniform accounting policies for reporting like transactions and other events in similar circumstances. Intragroup balances and transactions must be eliminated.Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries must be presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent.IN12The disclosure requirements for interests in subsidiaries are specified in IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities.A374© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 International Financial Reporting Standard 10 Consolidated Financial StatementsObjective1The objective of this IFRS is to establish principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities.Meeting the objective2To meet the objective in paragraph 1, this IFRS:(a)requires an entity (the parent) that controls one or more other entities(subsidiaries) to present consolidated financial statements;(b)defines the principle of control, and establishes control as the basis forconsolidation;(c)sets out how to apply the principle of control to identify whether aninvestor controls an investee and therefore must consolidate the investee;and(d)sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidatedfinancial statements.3This IFRS does not deal with the accounting requirements for business combinations and their effect on consolidation, including goodwill arising on a business combination (see IFRS 3 Business Combinations).Scope4An entity that is a parent shall present consolidated financial statements. This IFRS applies to all entities, except as follows:(a) a parent need not present consolidated financial statements if it meets allthe following conditions:(i)it is a wholly-owned subsidiary or is a partially-owned subsidiary ofanother entity and all its other owners, including those not otherwiseentitled to vote, have been informed about, and do not object to, theparent not presenting consolidated financial statements;(ii)its debt or equity instruments are not traded in a public market(a domestic or foreign stock exchange or an over-the-counter market,including local and regional markets);(iii)it did not file, nor is it in the process of filing, its financial statements with a securities commission or other regulatory organisation for thepurpose of issuing any class of instruments in a public market; and© IFRS Foundation A375IFRS 10(iv)its ultimate or any intermediate parent produces consolidated financial statements that are available for public use and complywith IFRSs.(b)post-employment benefit plans or other long-term employee benefit plansto which IAS 19 Employee Benefits applies.Control5An in vestor, regardless of the n ature of its in volvemen t with an en tity (the in vestee), shall determin e whether it is a parent by assessing whether it controls the investee.6An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.7Thus, an investor controls an investee if and only if the investor has all the following:(a)power over the investee (see paragraphs 10–14);(b)exposure, or rights, to variable return s from its in volvemen t with theinvestee (see paragraphs 15 and 16); and(c)the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns (see paragraphs 17 and 18).8An investor shall consider all facts and circumstances when assessing whether it controls an investee. The investor shall reassess whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed in paragraph 7 (see paragraphs B80–B85).9Two or more investors collectively control an investee when they must act together to direct the relevant activities. In such cases, because no investor can direct the activities without the co-operation of the others, no investor individually controls the investee. Each investor would account for its interest in the investee in accordance with the relevant IFRSs, such as IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures or IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.Power10An investor has power over an investee when the investor has existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities, ie the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns.11Power arises from rights. Sometimes assessing power is straightforward, such as when power over an investee is obtained directly and solely from the voting rights granted by equity instruments such as shares, and can be assessed by considering the voting rights from those shareholdings. In other cases, the assessment will be more complex and require more than one factor to be considered, for example when power results from one or more contractual arrangements.A376© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 12An investor with the current ability to direct the relevant activities has power even if its rights to direct have yet to be exercised. Evidence that the investor has been directing relevant activities can help determine whether the investor has power, but such evidence is not, in itself, conclusive in determining whether the investor has power over an investee.13If two or more investors each have existing rights that give them the unilateral ability to direct different relevant activities, the investor that has the current ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the returns of the investee has power over the investee.14An investor can have power over an investee even if other entities have existing rights that give them the current ability to participate in the direction of the relevant activities, for example when another entity has sig nificant influence.However, an investor that holds only protective rights does not have power over an investee (see paragraphs B26–B28), and consequently does not control the investee.Returns15An investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee when the investor’s returns from its involvement have the potential to vary as a result of the investee’s performance. The investor’s returns can be only positive, only negative or both positive and negative.16Although only one investor can control an investee, more than one party can share in the returns of an investee. For example, holders of non-controlling interests can share in the profits or distributions of an investee.Link between power and returns17An investor controls an investee if the investor not only has power over the investee and exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, but also has the ability to use its power to affect the investor’s returns from its involvement with the investee.18Thus, an investor with decision-making rights shall determine whether it is a principal or an agent. An investor that is an agent in accordance with paragraphs B58–B72 does not control an investee when it exercises decision-making rights delegated to it.Accounting requirements19 A paren t shall prepare con solidated fin an cial statemen ts usin g un iformaccou ti g policies for like tra sactio s a d other eve ts i similar circumstances.20Consolidation of an investee shall begin from the date the investor obtains control of the investee and cease when the investor loses control of the investee. 21Paragraphs B86–B93 set out guidance for the preparation of consolidated financial statements.© IFRS Foundation A377IFRS 10Non-controlling interests22 A parent shall present non-controlling interests in the consolidated statement offinancial position within equity, separately from the equity of the owners of the parent.23Changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the parent losing control of the subsidiary are equity transactions (ie transactions with owners in their capacity as owners).24Paragraphs B94–B96 set out guidance for the accounting for non-controlling interests in consolidated financial statements.Loss of control25If a parent loses control of a subsidiary, the parent:(a)derecognises the assets and liabilities of the former subsidiary from theconsolidated statement of financial position.(b)recognises any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fairvalue when control is lost and subsequently accounts for it and for anyamounts owed by or to the former subsidiary in accordance with relevantIFRSs. That fair value shall be regarded as the fair value on initialrecognition of a financial asset in accordance with IFRS 9 or, whenappropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associateor joint venture.(c)recognises the gain or loss associated with the loss of control attributableto the former controlling interest.26Paragraphs B97–B99 set out guidance for the accounting for the loss of control. A378© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10© IFRS Foundation A379Appendix ADefined termsThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.The following terms are defined in IFRS 11, IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities ,IAS 28 (as amended in 2011) or IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures and are used in this IFRS with the meanings specified in those IFRSs:•associate •interest in another entity •joint venture •key management personnel •related party •significant influence.consolidated financial statements The financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities,equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent and itssubsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity.control of aninvestee An investor controls an investee when the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee andhas the ability to affect those returns through its power over theinvestee.decision maker An entity with decision-making rights that is either a principal or anagent for other parties.group A parent and its subsidiaries .non-controlling interest Equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to aparent .parent An entity that controls one or more entities.power Existing rights that give the current ability to direct the relevantactivities .protective rights Rights designed to protect the interest of the party holding thoserights without giving that party power over the entity to whichthose rights relate.relevant activities For the purpose of this IFRS, relevant activities are activities of theinvestee that significantly affect the investee’s returns.removal rights Rights to deprive the decision maker of its decision-makingauthority.subsidiaryAn entity that is controlled by another entity.IFRS 10Appendix BApplication guidanceThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS. It describes the application of paragraphs 1–26 and has the same authority as the other parts of the IFRS.B1The examples in this appendix portray hypothetical situations. Although some aspects of the examples may be present in actual fact patterns, all facts and circumstances of a particular fact pattern would need to be evaluated when applying IFRS 10.Assessing controlB2To determine whether it controls an investee an investor shall assess whether it has all the following:(a)power over the investee;(b)exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with theinvestee; and(c)the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of theinvestor’s returns.B3Consideration of the following factors may assist in making that determination:(a)the purpose and design of the investee (see paragraphs B5–B8);(b)what the relevant activities are and how decisions about those activities aremade (see paragraphs B11–B13);(c)whether the rights of the investor give it the current ability to direct therelevant activities (see paragraphs B14–B54);(d)whether the investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from itsinvolvement with the investee (see paragraphs B55–B57); and(e)whether the investor has the ability to use its power over the investee toaffect the amount of the investor’s returns (see paragraphs B58–B72).B4When assessing control of an investee, an investor shall consider the nature of its relationship with other parties (see paragraphs B73–B75).Purpose and design of an investeeB5When assessing control of an investee, an investor shall consider the purpose and design of the investee in order to identify the relevant activities, how decisions about the relevant activities are made, who has the current ability to direct those activities and who receives returns from those activities.B6When an investee’s purpose and design are considered, it may be clear that an investee is controlled by means of equity instruments that give the holder proportionate voting rights, such as ordinary shares in the investee. In this case, in the absence of any additional arrangements that alter decision-making, the A380© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 assessment of control focuses on which party, if any, is able to exercise voting rights sufficient to determine the investee’s operating and financing policies (see paragraphs B34–B50). In the most straightforward case, the investor that holds a majority of those voting rights, in the absence of any other factors, controls the investee.B7To determine whether an investor controls an investee in more complex cases, it may be necessary to consider some or all of the other factors in paragraph B3.B8An investee may be designed so that voting rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the investee, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. In such cases, an investor’s consideration of the purpose and design of the investee shall also include consideration of the risks to which the investee was designed to be exposed, the risks it was designed to pass on to the parties involved with the investee and whether the investor is exposed to some or all of those risks. Consideration of the risks includes not only the downside risk, but also the potential for upside.PowerB9To have power over an investee, an investor must have existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities. For the purpose of assessing power, only substantive rights and rights that are not protective shall be considered (see paragraphs B22–B28).B10The determination about whether an investor has power depends on the relevant activities, the way decisions about the relevant activities are made and the rights the investor and other parties have in relation to the investee.Relevant activities and direction of relevant activitiesB11For many investees, a range of operating and financing activities significantly affect their returns. Examples of activities that, depending on the circumstances, can be relevant activities include, but are not limited to:(a)selling and purchasing of goods or services;(b)managing financial assets during their life (including upon default);(c)selecting, acquiring or disposing of assets;(d)researching and developing new products or processes; and(e)determining a funding structure or obtaining funding.B12Examples of decisions about relevant activities include but are not limited to:(a)establishing operating and capital decisions of the investee, includingbudgets; and(b)appointing and remunerating an investee’s key management personnel orservice providers and terminating their services or employment.© IFRS Foundation A381IFRS 10B13In some situations, activities both before and after a particular set of circumstances arises or event occurs may be relevant activities. When two or more investors have the current ability to direct relevant activities and those activities occur at different times, the investors shall determine which investor is able to direct the activities that most significantly affect those returns consistently with the treatment of concurrent decision-making rights (see paragraph 13). The investors shall reconsider this assessment over time if relevant facts or circumstances change.Application examplesExample 1Two investors form an investee to develop and market a medical product.One investor is responsible for developing and obtaining regulatory approval ofthe medical product—that responsibility includes having the unilateral abilityto make all decisions relating to the development of the product and toobtaining regulatory approval. Once the regulator has approved the product,the other investor will manufacture and market it—this investor has theunilateral ability to make all decisions about the manufacture and marketingof the project. If all the activities—developing and obtaining regulatoryapproval as well as manufacturing and marketing of the medical product—arerelevant activities, each investor needs to determine whether it is able to directthe activities that most significantly affect the investee’s returns. Accordingly,each investor needs to consider whether developing and obtaining regulatoryapproval or the manufacturing and marketing of the medical product is theactivity that most significantly affects the investee’s returns and whether it isable to direct that activity. In determining which investor has power, theinvestors would consider:(a)the purpose and design of the investee;(b)the factors that determine the profit margin, revenue and value of theinvestee as well as the value of the medical product;(c)the effect on the investee’s returns resulting from each investor’sdecision-making authority with respect to the factors in (b); and(d)the investors’ exposure to variability of returns.In this particular example, the investors would also consider:(e)the uncertainty of, and effort required in, obtaining regulatory approval(considering the investor’s record of successfully developing andobtaining regulatory approval of medical products); and(f)which investor controls the medical product once the development phaseis successful.continued... A382© IFRS FoundationIFRS 10 ...continuedApplication examplesExample 2An investment vehicle (the investee) is created and financed with a debtinstrument held by an investor (the debt investor) and equity instruments heldby a number of other investors. The equity tranche is designed to absorb thefirst losses and to receive any residual return from the investee. One of theequity investors who holds 30 per cent of the equity is also the asset manager.The investee uses its proceeds to purchase a portfolio of financial assets,exposing the investee to the credit risk associated with the possible default ofprincipal and interest payments of the assets. The transaction is marketed tothe debt investor as an investment with minimal exposure to the credit riskassociated with the possible default of the assets in the portfolio because of thenature of these assets and because the equity tranche is designed to absorbthe first losses of the investee. The returns of the investee are significantlyaffected by the management of the investee’s asset portfolio, which includesdecisions about the selection, acquisition and disposal of the assets withinportfolio guidelines and the management upon default of any portfolio assets.All those activities are managed by the asset manager until defaults reach aspecified proportion of the portfolio value (ie when the value of the portfolio issuch that the equity tranche of the investee has been consumed). From thattime, a third-party trustee manages the assets according to the instructions ofthe debt investor. Managing the investee’s asset portfolio is the relevantactivity of the investee. The asset manager has the ability to direct the relevantactivities until defaulted assets reach the specified proportion of the portfoliovalue; the debt investor has the ability to direct the relevant activities when thevalue of defaulted assets surpasses that specified proportion of the portfoliovalue. The asset manager and the debt investor each need to determinewhether they are able to direct the activities that most significantly affect theinvestee’s returns, including considering the purpose and design of the investeeas well as each party’s exposure to variability of returns.Rights that give an investor power over an investeeB14Power arises from rights. To have power over an investee, an investor must have existing rights that give the investor the current ability to direct the relevant activities. The rights that may give an investor power can differ between investees.B15Examples of rights that, either individually or in combination, can give an investor power include but are not limited to:(a)rights in the form of voting rights (or potential voting rights) of an investee(see paragraphs B34–B50);(b)rights to appoint, reassign or remove members of an investee’s keymanagement personnel who have the ability to direct the relevantactivities;(c)rights to appoint or remove another entity that directs the relevantactivities;© IFRS Foundation A383。