2015年高考语法专题攻克之9定语从句
高考语法专题攻克
Ⅸ、定语从句
一、引导定语从句的关系词的选择
1、定语从句中常见的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
○1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
如：We are living in an age when many things are done on the computer.
○2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
如：This is the middle school where I studied three years ago.
○3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，常用在先行词reason的后面。
如：Do you know the reason why the meeting has been put off?
○4that有时可用作关系副词。当先行词是way，意为“方式，方法”时，可以用that引导定语从句，也可以用in which，或者省略引导词。如：I don’t like the way (that / in which) he speaks to me.
【点石成金】
选择定语从句中的关系词，最好的方法是“先行词还原法”：首先准确确定先行词（有些先行词和定义从句之间夹杂着其他成分），然后将先行词还原到从句中看看被还原的部分在从句中所作的是什么成分，最后确定选用关系代词还是关系副词。
解答这类题目时切不可光凭直觉草率做出选择，如看见时间名词就选when，看见地点名词就选where。先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句。如：Do you still remember the days when we stayed together in our hometown? （这里先行词the days 作stayed的时间状语。从句应该还原为：We stayed together in my hometown those days.）
注意区别：
Do you still remember the days that / which（此处不用when）we spent together in our hometown?
你还记得我们一起在家乡度过的时光吗？（这里先行词the days作spent的宾语。从句应该还原为：We spent those days together in our hometown）
二、关系代词that和which的用法区别
1、只用that不用which的几种情况：
○1先行词为不定代词all，much，little，anything，everything，something，nothing，none等时。
如：Is everything that I bought for your new term necessary?
○2先行词既有人又有物时。
如：The painter and his works that you referred to just now are well-known now.
○3先行词被最高级修饰时。
如：It was the most important thing that we discussed in the meeting.
○4先行词被序数词修饰时。
如：He was the first person that translated Stray Birds.
○5先行词被only，very，the same，every，each，no，some，few，any等词修饰时。
如：She is the only person that I can trust at present.
○6关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
如：Our school is not the one that it used to be.
○7主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时。
如：Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
2、只用which的情况：
○1在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。
如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
○2which可以用在“介词+ 关系代词”结构中，而that不可以。
如：This is my hometown, in front of which runs a beautiful river.
○3当先行词是that，those时，引导词要用which。
如：I have that which you gave me as a birthday present.
○4先行词后有插入语时。
如：Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
三、关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别
两者都能引导非限制性定语从句，但用法有区别：
1、as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句末；而which引导
的非限制性定语从句一般只放在主句的后面。
如：As we know, the typhoon has brought great damage to the village.
The typhoon, as we know, has brought great damage to the village.
The typhoon has brought great damage to the village, as we know.
2、as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：as is known，as is said，as is reported，as is
announced等，往往译为“正如……，正像……”。如果从句中的行为动词时主动语态，一般用which 作主语。如：She has been late again, as is expected.
The Jamaican set the world record running 100m in 9.58 seconds, which makes the world amazed.
注意：不要把用作关系代词的as和用作连词的as混淆。as用作关系代词时，只能代表一个主句，一般不用其代表一个词。
3、当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，常用which来引导。
如：Johnson is always absent from school, which his parents find strange.
4、在结构“the same + 名词”、“such + 名词”、“as + 名词”后面通常用as引导定语从句。
如：Such girls as he knows are good at English.
比较：the same…as与the same…that
This is the same book as I read last week.（两本书）
This is the same book that I read last week.（一本书）
四、“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句
在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加密切，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词放在关系代词前面。
如：His glasses, without which he could see nothing, were taken away by a naughty boy.
使用“介词+ 关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：
1、如何确定介词
介词的选择应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。
如：In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
（turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意思是“向某人求助”）
2、“介词+ 关系代词”中的关系代词实际上只有whom（指人）和which（指物）两个。当介词不提
至关系代词前面时，可以用that / who / whom作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往可
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高三语法复习专题 定语从句(一)
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9定语从句
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专题九定语从句与名词性从句
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九年级英语语法 定语从句专题复习
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。 关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语） Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语） Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如： Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why（forwhich）herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
高考定语从句语法填空专题
Section 8定语从句 两年高考真题演练 1．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2．(2015·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 4．(2015·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. 6．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 7．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 8．(2015·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 9．(2015·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
2020高考英语易错语法点专题九 定语从句(解析版)
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高考英语语法复习系列之1-定语从句
高考英语语法复习系列之1---定语从句 Part one----基础知识 I. 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例：The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. she代替sister I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. ?普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) ?关系代词：（如上例who/that） 1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）
关系词的选用与判断 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中 IV．介词+关系代词： 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 4）介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子。 ①那就是他工作的大学。 ┏ at which he works. ┣ which he works at. That is the college ┣ where he works.
必考英语语法——限定性定语从句
2016年必考英语语法——限定性定语从句 1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
Unit9 定语从句讲解及配套习题
初中英语定语从句 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 关系副词有：when, where, why 一．关系代词引导的定语从句 1）先行词是人：who∕whom ∕that ( 区分：who可做主语和宾语，whom只能做宾语) Is he the man ＿＿＿ wants to see you? He is the man ＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw yesterday. Yesterday I helped an old man ＿＿＿lost his way Mr. Liu is the person ＿＿＿＿you talked about on the bus. 2）先行词是事物：which∕that This is the pen ________ you lent to me. I like songs ______ I can sing along with. He likes movies _______ are scary. 3) whose 用来指人或物（,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： 我认识那个车被偷的男人_________________________________________________ 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。_____________________________________________ 二．关系副词引导的定语从句 1）when, where, why ﹦“介词+ which” when= on which I still remember the day ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I joined the Party. 。 I won’t forget the day＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I spent with you . 2）where=in/on which Beijing is the place ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I was born. I can see the desk ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ there is a book. 这是我曾经在那儿学习的学校.________________________________________________ 3）why=for which Is this the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿he refused our help? 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。___________________________________________ 三、that 的用法 1）不用that的情况：介词后不能用 2）只能用that的情况 a. 在there be 句型中 商店里有一个我喜欢的玩具。________________________________________________ b. 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 所需的只是时间问题。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ c. 先行词有the only, the very ，the same， the last修饰时。 他是唯一解得出这道题的学生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿d. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时。 他是第一个通过考试的人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 她是我们班最高的女生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ e. 先行词既有人，又有物时。 我能清楚记得我所见到的人和一些照片。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ d. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复 Who is the girl＿＿＿＿ is crying？ 四、只用who不用that的情况 先行词是-body，-one构成的复合代词时，关系代词用who (whom)不用that。 例如：There’s somebody th at wants you on the telephone.