Social Exchange and Micro Social Order
系统功能语言学英汉对照术语表
系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表作者：翁素贤提供 转贴自：摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》您要打印的文件是：系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表打印本文系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表―――摘自《系统功能语言学多维思考》AAbitliy 能力 Actor 施动者Addressee 受话者 Addresser 发话者 Agent 施事Anaphoric 指前的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 反义意义 Autonomy 自治性 BBehavior 行为Behavioral process 行为过程 Beneficiary 受益者 CCataphoric 指后的 Categorical 绝对的 Categorization 范畴化 Central token 中心标志 Chain 链Channel 渠道 Choice 选择 Clause 小句Clause as theme 句项主位 Cleft sentence 分裂句 Closed system 封闭系统 Coclassisfication 相互区分Coextension相互扩展Coherence连贯Cohesion链接Cohesive chain链接链Cohesive tie链接纽带Cohyponym共同下义词Collocation搭配Collocational chain搭配链Comeronym共同局部关系词Command命令Comment述题Competence（语言）能力Complementarity互补性Congruence一致性Conjunction连接，连词Consonant辅音Consonant grammar协和语法Constructivism构建主义Context语境，上下文Context of culture文化语境Context of situation情境语境Continuity连续体Continuum连续体Conventional meaning常规意义Coocurrence同现Cooperative principle合作原则Coordination并列Coreference相互对应Correspondence对应Critical linguistics批评语言学Cross-coupling交互匹配DDecategorization非范畴化Declarative陈述的Delicacy精密度Dialect方言Dialectal variety方言变体Diatypic variety功能变体Didactic教导性的Direct speech act直接言语行为Discontinuity脱节，间断性Discourse话语Discourse analysis话语分析Distribution分布Dynamic动态的EElegance雅致Ellipsis省略Endophoric指内的Entry condition入列条件Exchange交换Exclusive排他的Exhaustiveness有尽性Existential clause存在句Existential process存在过程Exophoric 指外的Experiential function经验功能Experiential meaning经验意义Explicitness明晰性的Expository说明性的External text外在语篇Extragrammartical语法外的FFalling tone降调Falling-rising tone降升调Falsifiability可反证性Family resemblance家族相似性Feature特征Field of discourse话语范围Finiteness限定性，有限性First-order一级的Formal 形式的，形式主义的，正式的Formal linguistics形式主义语言学Formality正式化Formalization形式化Frozen僵化Function功能Functional linguistics功能主义语言学Functional sentence perspective功能句子观Functional tenor功能基调GGenerative semantics生成语义学Generic structure语类结构，体裁结构，类型结构Genre语类，体裁，类型Gestalt psychology格式塔心理学，完形心理学Given information已知信息Global coherence整体连贯Goal目标，对象Goods & services物品与服务Grammar语法Grammatical metaphor语法比喻Group词组HHearer受话者Heuristic function启发功能Hyponym下义词Hyponymy下义关系Hypotactic从属关系的Hypotaxis从属关系Hypothesis假说，假设IIdeational function概念功能Ideational meaning概念意义Identity chain同一链Ideology思想，意识形态Illocutionary act言外行为Illocutionary function言外功能Imaginative function想象功能Immediate situation直接情景Imperative 祈使的Iimplicature含义，蕴含Inclination意愿Inclusive内包的Incongruence不一致性Indicative直陈的Indirect speech act间接言语行为Inference推理Informal非正式的Information信息Information focus信息中心Information structure信息结构Information unit信息单位Informative function告知功能Instantiation例示Instrumental function工具功能Instrumentality工具性Intention意图Interactional function交流功能Interactionism互动主义Interface接面Internal structure内部结构Inter-organism机体之间Interpersonal function人际功能Interpersonal meaning人际意义Interpersonal theme人际主位Interpretative semantics解释语义学Interrogative疑问的Intonation语调Intra-organism机体内部KKey口吻，调式LLanguage acquisition device语言习得机制Language语言Level(of language)（语言的）层次Lexical词汇的Lexical cohesion词汇链接Lexis词汇Linguistic determinism语言决定论Linguistic relativity语言相对论Local coherence局部连贯Locutionary act言内行为Logical function逻辑功能Logical meaning逻辑意义London School伦敦学派MMacrofunction宏观功能Macrorule宏观规则Macrostructure宏观结构Marked有标记的Material process物质过程Meaning potential意义潜能Mental process心理过程Mental text内在语篇，心理语篇Meronym局部关系词Meronymy局部关系Metafunction纯理功能Metalingual元语言的Metaphor比喻Microfunction微观功能Missing link脱节Modality情态Mode of discourse话语方式Modifier修饰成分Modular system模块系统Modulation意态Monosystem单系统Mood语气Multiple theme复项主位NNarrative陈述性的Network网络New information新信息Nominal group名词词组Non-constructivism非构建主义Non-structural非结构的OObligation义务Obligatory element必备成分Offer提供Old information旧信息，已知信息Open system开放系统Opposition对立，对立体Option选择Optional element非必备成分PParadigmatic纵聚合的Paratactic并列关系的Parataxis并列关系Parole言语Participant参与者Patterns of thematic progression主位推进模式Performance（语言）运用Peripheral token外围标记Perlocutionary act言后行为Person人称Personal function个体功能Personal tenor个人基调Persuasive说服性的Phatic communion寒暄语Phatic function寒暄功能Phonological 音系层的Pitch音高，音调Pitch contour音调曲线Point of departure起点Polarity极性Politeness principle礼貌原则Polysystemic多系统的Pragmatic function实用功能Pragmatics语用学Prague school布拉格学派Predicator预设Presupposition假设Probability盖然性，或然性Process过程Proposal提议，建议Proposition命题Protolanguage原型语言Prototype原型Pseudo-cleft sentence假分裂句QQualifier（名次词组中心词后面的）修饰成分Question问题，提问RRank级Rankshift 级变Realization体现Register语域Regulatory function控制功能Relational process关系过程Relevance相关Repetition重复Residue剩余部分Resource源泉Restriction制约Rheme述位Rising升调Rising-falling tone升降调Role角色Role relationship角色关系Rule规则SSapir-Whorf hypothesis萨丕尔－沃尔夫假说Scale-and-category grammar阶与范畴语法Schema theory图示理论Second-order二级的Selectional restriction选择性限制Semantic anomaly语义异常Semantic configuaration语义组合，语义配置Semiotic符号Semiotics符号学Semogenesis创义Similarity chain相似链Simple theme单项主位Situation情景Slot空位Social function社会功能Speaker讲话者Speech act言语行为Speech function言语功能Speech role言语角色Statement陈述Static静态的Stratificational grammar层次语法Structural结构的Structural operation结构运作Structure结构Style风格Subject主语Subordination从属Substitution替代Sub-system子系统Superordinate上义词Synonym同义词Synonymy同义关系Syntagmatic横组合的System系统Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Systemic-functional linguistics系统功能语言学TTagmemics法位学Tenor of discourse话语基调Tense时态Term(in a system)（系统中的）项目Text语篇Textual function语篇功能Textual meaning语篇意义Textual theme语篇主位Texture语篇特征，谋篇机制Thematic progression主位推进Thematic structure主位结构Theme主位Token标记Topic话题Topical sentence主题句Topical theme话题主位Transference转义Transformation转换Transformational-generative grammar转换生成语法Transitivity及物性Truth condition真值条件UUnit单位Unmarked无标记的VValidity可信度Value值，价值Variety变体Verbal event言语事件Verbal group动词词组verbal process言语过程Voice语态Vowel元音W Word词Page 11of 11系统功能语言学英汉术语对照表2014-2-14 /Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=214。
有关未来城市的英语作文50词
有关未来城市的英语作文50词The future city is a captivating concept that has captured the imagination of urban planners, architects, and futurists alike. As we look towards the horizon, we envision a vibrant and dynamic urban landscape that seamlessly blends technology, sustainability, and livability. This essay will explore the various aspects of the future city, from its infrastructure and transportation systems to its social and environmental considerations.One of the defining features of the future city will be its innovative infrastructure. Gone will be the days of congested streets and outdated utilities. Instead, we will see the integration of cutting-edge technologies that will revolutionize the way we interact with our urban environments. Smart grids, for instance, will provide efficient and reliable energy distribution, while advanced water management systems will ensure the sustainable use of this precious resource.The transportation landscape of the future city will also undergo a remarkable transformation. Traditional modes of transportation, such as cars and buses, will give way to more eco-friendly and efficientalternatives. Electric vehicles, autonomous driving systems, and integrated public transit networks will become the norm, reducing both carbon emissions and travel times. Pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, such as elevated walkways and bike-sharing schemes, will further promote sustainable and healthy modes of transportation.Beyond the physical infrastructure, the future city will also be characterized by its commitment to environmental sustainability. Urban planners and policymakers will prioritize the preservation and enhancement of green spaces, ensuring that the city's residents have access to nature and outdoor recreation. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, will become the primary sources of energy, with buildings designed to maximize energy efficiency and reduce their carbon footprint.The social fabric of the future city will also undergo a transformation. Affordable and accessible housing will be a key priority, with innovative solutions such as micro-apartments and co-living spaces catering to the diverse needs of the population. Community-based initiatives, such as urban farming and neighborhood hubs, will foster a sense of connectivity and belonging among residents. The city's cultural and educational institutions will also play a crucial role in shaping the future, providing opportunities for lifelong learning, artistic expression, and cultural exchange.Perhaps one of the most exciting aspects of the future city is its embrace of technology and innovation. Smart city technologies, such as sensor networks and data analytics, will enable real-time monitoring and optimization of urban systems, from traffic management to waste disposal. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning will revolutionize the way we interact with our surroundings, providing personalized services, predictive analytics, and enhanced decision-making capabilities.However, the development of the future city is not without its challenges. Issues such as cybersecurity, digital privacy, and the potential for technology-driven inequality will need to be addressed through robust governance frameworks and inclusive policymaking. The transition to a more sustainable and technologically advanced urban landscape will also require significant investments and the coordination of various stakeholders, from the public and private sectors to the community at large.Despite these challenges, the vision of the future city remains a powerful and inspiring one. As we look towards the decades ahead, we can envision a world where our urban centers are not just hubs of economic activity, but also beacons of sustainability, innovation, and community. By embracing the opportunities presented by emerging technologies and prioritizing the well-being of our citizens, we cancreate cities that are not only functional but also vibrant, equitable, and resilient.。
语言学 2013期末复习
第一章1.Why study language?(1).Five senses of language:Firstly, language can mean what a person says or said. In this sense, language simply refers to the concrete act of speaking in a given situation, or the expression one uses in speech.Secondly, “language” is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language. In this case, it is an individual’s personal dialect called “idiolect”.Thirdly, “language” also means a particular variety or level of speech or writing. Fourthly, “language” refers t o the abstract system underlying the totality of the speech / writing behavior of a community. It refers to everything in a language system.Finally, there is an even more abstract sense of “language”, referring to the common features of all human languages. It means a defining feature of human language behavior as contrasted with animal systems of communication, or any other artificial language.(2). Significance of studying it:学习语言的重要性On the academic level, the study of language can provide a deeper understanding of the social studies and humanities.On a personal level, we grow up in a language-rich environment that provides a basis for our psychological development and cultural awareness.2.What is language?什么是语言(1).language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.所谓语言是一个系统是指----each language contains two systems, a system of sound and a system of meaning.所谓语言是任意的，是指-----The relation between expression and content is not natural but conventional（常见的，惯例的）. It is the arbitrariness that makes language creative and it is conventionality that makes the research into the language possible. Language is vocal是指-----The primary medium of language is sound rather than word.Language is symbolic是指----all the sounds people produce and the ideas, concepts, objects, etc. that these sounds can refer to are bounded up by convention. Linguistic units are conventional signs.Language is human-specific------Language is possessed only by human beings, other communication systems as possessed by animals or many other life forms are not languages.Language is for communication------The main and primary function of language is to communicate.3.Design features of language（语言的甄别特征）（1）Design feature的定义：the defining（最典型的，起决定作用的）properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. （2）Design feature有---------Arbitrariness（任意性），Duality（二层性/二重性），Creativity（创造性/原创性），Displacement（移位性），Cultural transmission（文化传播），Interchangeability（可互换性）Arbitrariness（任意性）------ By saying that “language is arbitrary”, we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and sound.Duality（二层性/二重性）------language is a system, which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.Creativity（创造性/原创性）------Language is creative in the sense that users can understand and create sentences they have never heard before. （这里涉及一个Recursiveness （递归性）: according to some linguistic theories, the capacity that enables the grammar of a language to produce an infinite number of sentences. ）Displacement（移位性）------language can be used to communicate about things that are not present in our immediate communicational context. This feature enables speakers to communicate free of the barriers caused by time and space. It also gives human beings the ability to generalize and abstract.Cultural transmission（文化传播）------It refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew（重新，再）by each speaker. Language is not transmitted biologically from generation to generation.Interchangeability（可互换性）-------Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.4. Origin of language(1) The divine-origin theory -------this theory believe language is given by God to human being.（神授）(2) The invention theory-----Imitation sounds have evolved into onomatopoeic words.(3) The evolution theory----- language evolved with the evolution of human being.(4) The “bow-wow” theory---- language developed from the imitation of the animal calls. onomatopoeic words(拟声词) seem to be a convenient evidence for this theory.(5) The “pooh-pooh” theo ry------the utterance of instinctive（本能的，天生的）sounds of pain, anger and joy.Supportive evidence: interjection words(感叹词) (6) The “yo-he-ho” theory-----rhythmic grunts or chants of group workers into language.5. Functions of language(1). 根据Jakobson的观点：Jakobson defined six primary factors-----speaker, addressee（听者）, context（语境）, message, code（语码）and contact(接触).建立在此观点基础上的语言功能有：referential 指称功能(to convey message and information);poetic 诗学功能(to indulge in language for its own sake);emotive情感功能(to express attitudes, feelings and emotions)conative劝慰功能(to persuade and influence others through commands and entreaties)phatic寒暄功能(to establish communion with others)metalingual function元语言功能(to clear up intentions, words and meanings) (2).根据Halliday的观点：Halliday proposes three metalingual functions,The ideational function概念功能: to convey new information that is unknown toThe interpersonal function人际功能: all uses of language to express social and personal relations.The textual function语篇/文本功能: the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living message different from a random list of sentences.（3）人们更熟悉的功能分类：Informative（信息/告知功能），Interpersonal Function（人际功能），Performative Function（施为功能），Emotive Function（情感功能），Phatic communion（寒暄交谈），Recreational Function（娱乐功能），Metalingual function（元语言功能），Informative（信息/告知功能）------The use of language to record facts, to state what things are like, and to exchange information. It is also called ideational function in Halliday’s terms. This serves as the primary function of language.Interpersonal Function（人际功能）------The most important sociological use of language, which serves to establish and maintain people’s status in a soc iety.Performative Function（施为功能）-------Language can be used to do things, (Austin and Searl) to change the social status or the immediate state of affairs of people.Emotive Function（情感功能------Language can be used to express the emotional state of the speaker. e.g. interjections. The expressions of gratitude and apology are also examples of this function.Phatic communion（寒暄交谈）-----Ritual exchanges, exchanges that have little meaning but help to maintain our relationships with other people. e.g. “Hello.”, “How are you?”,Recreational Function（娱乐功能）-----Word play, word for word’s sake, the use of language to have fun.Metalingual function（元语言功能）-----Language can be used to explain or describe itself or other languages.6.What is linguistics?(1).定义：the scientific study of languagefour principles for studying linguistics：Exhaustiveness，Consistency，Economy，Objectiveness(2).Main branches of linguisticsA. Micro linguisticsa. Sound: Phonetics(语音学)，Phonology（音系/音位学）;b. Form: Morphology（形态学），Syntax（句法学）;c. Meaning: Semantics（语义学），Pragmatics（语用学）Phonetics(语音学): the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.语音学又分为三种：Articulatory phonetics发音语音学，Acoustic phonetics声学语音学，Auditory phonetics听觉语音学①Articulatory phonetics发音语音学：The study of the speech organs and how they move to produce speech sound②Acoustic phonetics声学语音学：The study of the physical properties of③Auditory phonetics听觉语音学: The study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.Phonology（音系/音位学）: the study of the sound patterns of languages. Phonology identifies the set of speech sounds for each language, how they are arranged to form meaningful units, and the function of each sound.Morphology（形态学）: studies the form of words. It identifies the smallest meaningful units in a language which are called morphemes and looks into the ways the morphemes are arranged to form words.Syntax（句法学）: the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. Sentences are not strings of words put together in a random order. They permit certain sequences of words but not others. Change in the sequence affects the meaning of the sentence.Semantics（语义学）: studies how meaning is encoded in a language. It studies the meaning at various levels.Pragmatics（语用学）: the study of meaning in context or in use.The study of all these aspects of language forms the core of linguisticsB. Macrolinguistics宏观语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学, Sociolinguistics社会语言学, Anthropological linguistics人类语言学, Computational linguistics计算语言学, Applied linguistics应用语言学, Neurolinguistics神经语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学：relates the study of language to psychology . Sociolinguistics社会语言学：Language and society are closely connected. The language a person uses often reveals his social background, and there exist social norms that determine the type of language to be used on a certain occasion; and language changes are often caused by social changes. The study of all these social aspects of language and its relation with society form the core of the branch sociolinguistics.Anthropological linguistics人类语言学：mainly concerned with the changes of languages, the differences between language in the past and in the present, and its evolution .Computational linguistics计算语言学：an interdisciplinary(各学科间的) branch of study in which mathematical techniques and concepts are applied, often with the aid of a computer.Applied linguistics应用语言学：Finding in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability. Neurolinguistics神经语言学: studies the neurological basis of language development and use in human beings.7.Important distinctions(1). Descriptive vs. prescriptive描写式和规定式(2). Synchronic vs. diachronic共时和历时(3). Langue vs. parole语言和言语（4）Competence vs. performance语言能力和语言行为（1）If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language peopleactually use, it is said to be descriptive描写式.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive规定式.Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive.（2）Synchronic共时study of language takes a fixed instant as its point of observation. It refers to the description of a language at some point of time in history.Diachronic历时study examines language through the course of time. It studies the development or history of language. In other words, it refers to the description of a language as it changes through time .(3) Saussure made the distinction between langue and parole.Langue语言refers to the speaker’s understanding and knowledge of the language that he speaks. It is a social phenomenon, an abstraction shared by all the speakers within a speech community.Parole言语is the actual speaking of language by an individual speaker. It is an individual linguistic phenomenon.语言和言语二者之间的一些主要区别：1. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by, parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. 2. Langue is abstract, parole is concrete. 3. Langue is relatively stable, while parole varies from person to person, from situation to situation.（4）Chomsky’s competence语言能力refers to an ideal speaker’s knowledge of the underlying system of rules in a language.Performance语言行为refers to the actual use of the language by a speaker in a real communicational context.第二章1.The process of speech production and perception：分为三步：speech production-------------speech transmission-------------speech perception根据这三个步骤，语音学可以分为三个分支------Articulatory phonetics，Acoustic phonetics，Auditory phonetics（详情见上面）2. How speech sounds are made?Speech organs: organs of the human body whose secondary use is in the production of speech sounds.V ocal tract 声道(resonating cavities共鸣腔) includes the pharynx咽腔, oral cavity 口腔and nasal cavity鼻腔.其它的一些发音器官：lungs肺, windpipe（trachea）气管, vocal folds声带, larynx 喉, epiglottis会厌，次声门, pharynx咽, uvula小舌, hard palate硬腭, soft palate软腭, alveolar ridge齿龈,舌头分为五个部分“tip, blade, front, back, root”当声带完全分开时，产生的音是voiceless ，当声带靠在一起，产生的音是voiced，当声带完全闭合，产生的音是the glottal stop。
软件工程英文参考文献(优秀范文105个)
软件工程英文参考文献(优秀范文105个)软件工程英文参考文献一：[1]Carine Khalil,Sabine Khalil. Exploring knowledge management in agile software developmentorganizations[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2020,16(4).[2]Kevin A. Gary,Ruben Acuna,Alexandra Mehlhase,Robert Heinrichs,Sohum Sohoni. SCALING TO MEET THE ONLINE DEMAND IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING[J]. International Journal on Innovations in Online Education,2020,4(1).[3]Hosseini Hadi,Zirakjou Abbas,GoodarziVahabodin,Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad,Khonakdar Hossein Ali,Zamanlui Soheila. Lightweight aerogels based on bacterial cellulose/silver nanoparticles/polyaniline with tuning morphology of polyaniline and application in soft tissue engineering.[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules,2020,152.[4]Dylan G. Kelly,Patrick Seeling. Introducing underrepresented high school students to software engineering: Using the micro:bit microcontroller to program connected autonomous cars[J]. 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2016中国旅游行业发展报告(英文版)
Group:幸运5+2Chinese TourismIndustry Development Research Report[ key word ] Chinese TourismSchool of Business AdministrationMicro -economicsStay hungry , stay foolishInstructor 钟耕深Members李梦雅 黄子叶 章颖张颖智 黄金珍 宋宣昌 彭钻PossibilitiesProspect1. The strategic location, rich tourism resourcesChina is the world's third largest country in land area. At the same time, China is in the east of the Eurasian continent, facing the Pacific Ocean, with more than 18,000 kilometers of coastline, with many fine natural harbor and strategic location. Meanwhile, China is one of the four ancient civili-zations, has long history, colorful culture, many mountains and rivers. China can provide excellent conditions for tourism.With the increase of China's international influence ，more and more people will have interest in China. So, there are more and more foreign tourists travel to China to learn. At the same time, their arrival will attract more foreign tourists to China.2. Having tourism spending powerBy 2015, Chinese average GDP has reached 52,000 Yuan. Although compared to developed countries, there is still a big gap. But for China itself, more and more people will pay more attention to the consumption in spirit and culture area with the GDP growth. Also, gaining more money will increase their spending power and desire for consumption, and they have the ability to meet the growing material and cultural needs.1. The population large, crowded tourist attractionsAs we all know, on Nation Day, May Day, summer vacations and other holidays, tourist attractions are always filled with many people. When the highway is free, we can see congestion or even accidents on the highway. When the number of visitors far exceeded the carrying capacity of tour-ist attractions, we can ’t enjoy the beautiful scenery and enjoy the pleasure.2. Lack of professional personnelMost colleges haven ’t set up specialized subjects to train professional personnel for tourism. Although some colleges have set up relevant spe-cialized subjects, students are lack of a comprehensive understanding of tourism and wouldn ’t choose to study the subject.3. The national quality needs to be improvedBottleneckMeasures1. International standards, improve the industrial chainChina should actively carry out various forms of cooperation with other countries, try to learn from other countries ’ mature experience to devel-op a huge tourism market together. At the same time, try to work with other local businesses to expand the scope of the visit, gain mutual promotion and achieve win -win.2. Personnel training, improve the system and regulationsIt ’s necessary to train personnel who are familiar with the professional process to increase the visitors ’ satisfaction. Tourism enterprises, colleg-es and universities parties should join hands to cultivate professional personnel to meet the tourist demand for high -level personnel.3. Focused, market segmentsFor a variety of types of tourism, it ’s necessary to choose the focus according to the size and needs of the market trend, and increase the invest-ment in this area correspondingly. At the same time, for different tourism resources in each area, it ’s reasonable to divide it into several market seg-ments, and assess and plan each small market to suit different needs.Overview of Tourism IndustryFirst cycle The first cycle is from 1995 to 2002.“The Weekend ”and “Long Vacation ”system signifi-cantly stimulate con-sumption. This stage is characterized by a steady increase in the number of trips.The Development of Tourism in ChinaSecond cycleThe second cycle is from 2003 to 2007.The domestic tourism market recovered after the end of “SARS ” in 2003.At this stage, the number of tourists and the tourism revenue increased tremendously almost at the same time.The third cycle is from 2008 to 2010.For the first time, theNational Tourism Administration has made it clear that domestic tourism is a priority, and regard the domestic tourism as a basic foothold, which offset the negative impact of the global financial crisis on China ’s tourism.Third cycleSARSOperation of China Tourism Industryevolution trend between domestic con-sumption to the economic growth of From will promoteInbound TourOutbound travelTourism Group RankingDevelopmentTrendLarger Market ScaleOutbound TravelDual StructureCross-border BlendThe ConceptBehindManagementExploitation and SupervisionEnviron-mental Degrada-tion。
博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇
分类词汇:homogeneous同质的反义词：heterogeneousdialect方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy差异misconception误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier障碍(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination区别、歧视 racial ~， discriminate (+against) hierarchy等级制度 heir(继承人) + arch(govern) + yinsularity岛国性质 (insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia=homesickness, patriot爱国者 patriotic, patriotism notoriety恶名 (notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate下级下级的 superiortactics战术，技巧 v.s. strategy(战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance ﹦ a subtle difference in meaning compatriot同胞 , 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本国,本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India . Hispanic whose first language was Spanish immigration移入 immigrant, immigrate；emigration迁出 (emigrant, emigrate)antipodes： opposite sidespermeate渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur企业家 enterprise entrepreneurship practitioner开业者，从业者 praction (practice) + er celebrity： a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote轶事 (anecdotal)benchmarking类比分析punctual准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee 缺席者flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 (harassment)redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制vogue 时尚bizarre 奇异的 weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 debts/hatred/danger occur 发生, concur 同意一致, recur 复发ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (doubt) be dubious about manifestation 显示，证明 ( manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 subsidiary 辅助的, submarine 潜水, subway 地铁, suburb 乡镇考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理： assistant president综合治理： comprehensive treatment安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents信息化： information-based; informationization智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工： laid-off workers分流： reposition of redundant personnel 过剩人员的重新定位三角债： chain debts素质教育： education for all-round development豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 草率的社会治安情况： law-and-order situation民族国家： nation state台独： independence of Taiwan台湾当局： Taiwan authorities台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分： Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions可持续性发展： sustainable development风险投资： risk investment通货紧缩： deflation扩大内需： to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)网络空间： cyberspace虚拟现实： virtual reality网民： netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪： computer crime电子商务： the e-business网上购物： shopping online应试教育： exam-oriented education学生减负： to reduce study load下岗： laid-off workers下海： plunge into the commercial sea下网： off line小康之家： well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀： up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类： New Human Being； X Generation信息港： info port形象小姐/先生： image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网： virtual net学生处： students' affairs division (分配、分派)研究生毕业证/学位证： graduate diploma/ graduate degree's diploma 摇钱树： cash cow以人为本： people oriented; people foremost义务教育： compulsory education易拉罐： pop can应试教育： examination-oriented education system舆论导向： direction of public opinion运球： dribble在职博士生： on-job doctorate早恋： puppy love招生就业指导办公室： enrolment and vocation guidance office (职业)证券营业部： stock exchange; security exchange知识产权： intellectual property rights中专生： secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱： mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店： exclusive agency; franchised store (营业权)自我保护意识： self-protection awareness综合国力： comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网： integrated service digital network (ISDN)公正、公平、公开： just, fair and open好莱坞大片： Hollywood blockbuster (大轰动)黄金时段： prime time假唱： lip-synch(同步)劲射： power shot拉拉队： cheering squad(小组、班级)来电显示电话机： caller ID telephone论文答辩： (thesis) oral defense泡沫经济： bubble economy票贩子： scalper, ticket tout (兜售)拳头产品： competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster三角恋爱： love triangle三维动画片： three-dimensional animation"扫黄"、"打非"： eliminate pornography and illegal publications (色情)申办奥运会： bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴： bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (复兴，中华民族)市场疲软： sluggish market (停滞的，萧条的)素质教育： education for all-around development筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富： cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (繁荣、昌盛)网吧： Internet bar网恋： online love affair网上冲浪： surf the Internet网上交易平台： online trading platform网友： net friend无人售票： self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话： cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议： WAP (wireless application protocol )附录:英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构：donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌：look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策：list… ..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导：take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来：integrate theory with practice …把握大局： grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后： get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯：guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施： adopt various measures参政、议政： participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量： be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局： break the deadlock打破禁区： break off a forbidden zone得出结论： draw ( arrive at， come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队：forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响： have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献： make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义： be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉： combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜： hold high the great banner (旗帜)给…带来机遇和挑战： present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止，消除)腐败： root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界： observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况： ease the tension回顾奋斗历程： review the course of struggle加快改革步伐： accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督： ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策： adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加：persist in reunification,，oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见： understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担：alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想： emancipate our minds (解放)解决温饱问题： solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题： resolve new problems进入世界先进行列： edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期： enter a new period进行和谈： hold peace talks进行战略性调整： make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协： accept a compromise on开发西部： remake the west (再制，改造)开始生效： go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进： open up new ways forward科教兴国：rejuvenate our country through science and education (恢复) 理顺关系：rationalize the relationship (使合理化)履行权利和义务：perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步：make an important step热爱和平：love peace深化改革：deepen the reform审时度势：size up the situation (打量，估计)实现发展繁荣：bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立：realize national independence实现夙愿：fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标：achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life (确保)实现中华民族伟大复兴：bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策：practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注：attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别：bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业：implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平：maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成：absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给：delegate the management of ... (to ...) (委托，代表，授权；管理)退还大量钱款：give back an amount of money脱贫致富：cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务：perfect services为… 带来多种经济和社会效益：bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机：present huge business opportunities吸收游资：absorb idle fund吸引外商投资：attract foreign investment下海：plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境：land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金：invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品：wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心：focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益：strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality (努力，反抗)优胜劣汰：select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输：give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力：have huge potential for与国际市场接轨：integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在… 建立分公司：set up branches in造成很大压力：pose a big pressure on造成损失：cause a loss to增加农业投入：invest more in agriculture占领市场10%：occupy (take，account for ) 10 percent of the market (占；考虑)招商引资：attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订… 法律：make a law of制定优惠政策：work out favorable policy制造假象：create smoke screens to do阻碍… 的经济发展：handicap(hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失：stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律：follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类不注重历史：neglect history把… 列为世界自然文化遗产：list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿)：put on airs (show off，keep up appearances)(外表) 保护文化遗产：protect cultural heritage (relics)(遗物，文物)博采各国文化之长：draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries (优点)采取保护态度：take protective attitude承担应有的义务：undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来：build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future(引导，引入)充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性：give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals触击现行法律的盲区：touch a blank area of the existing law (现存的) 创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) (命令，吩咐；宣布离去，包围)从事电子商务工作：conduct e-commerce (引导，实施)促进儿童身心健康发展：promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally(身心)促进交流：promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展：facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products( 推进，促进)促进相互了解：enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持：enjoy grass-root support抵住… 的诱惑：resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度：take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟：show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智：develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力：tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术：enable literature and art to flourish；promote flourishingliterature and art反映中国的灿烂文化：reflect the rich culture of China放下架子：relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse；throw off one’s airs) (松开，放开；傲慢的，自大的)腐蚀人的灵魂：poison one’s mind (毒物，有害之物)改进教学：improve teaching and learning给学生减负：alleviate the burden on students和… 持相同观点：share views similar to互派访问学者：exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情：stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统：carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history；carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设：build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating (可信性) 交换意见：exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人：impart knowledge and educate people (传授，告知)经受住暴风雨的考验：weather the storm(处境，境遇)精心编写教材：compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网：purify the Net举办文化节( 展览会)：hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议：hold an academic meeting开创假日经济：initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力：exploit one’s potential开阔视野：widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程：offer courses开展对外文化交流：conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动：carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰：climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩：evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信：eradicate superstition (根除，消灭；迷信，盲目崇拜) 普及九年制义务教育：make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学思想，倡导科学精神：popularize scientific and technological knowledge，spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生：enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客：accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲：eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网：get on (have access to , be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心来挑选选手：carry on the quality education centering on moral education to choose players同教练反应一致：share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动和世界和平做出贡献：make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军：regain world champion(收复，恢复；蝉联冠军) 吸引中国大学生优秀选手：attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习：learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量： take on an opponent与强队竞争： compete with strong teams增进友谊： strengthen friendship展示技能：demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展：demonstrate(show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办 2008 年奥运会：support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会：host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛：sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会：grasp the chance to practise and learn响应号召：respond to the call修改法律：amend the laws宣布… 召开：announce the opening of徇私枉法：bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国：govern the country according to law引起全国的关注：arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注： attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利：win one victory after another在… 中起(至关)重要作用： play a major(crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力：enhance the rally power(重整，集合)增强综合国力和国际竞争： enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程： look into the great journey展现生机和活力：display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难： overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部：revive the west振兴中华民族：rejuvenate(revitalize) our nation政企不分： mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开：separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开： make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动：urge governments of all countries to takeaction抓住机遇：seize the opportunity转变政府职能：transform(shift) the government functions追求进步：pursue progress追求真理：seek the truth走进新时代：march(stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公： observe the relevant code of conduct and the lawand honestly perform one's official duties (规则，惯例；指挥，引导；执行，履行，完成)遵循规则： follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业： cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work (全神贯注地，把…奉献给…)保持国民经济发展的良好势头： maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy (动力，势头)保持国有股： keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活：guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂： be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法：adopt various methods采取反垄断措施： take anti-monopoly measures承担风险：bear(take) risk筹集足够的资金：raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) (收益，收入) 创收外汇：earn foreign exchange (currency) (货币，流通)刺激国内经济需求：spur domestic demand刺激国内需求：stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济：shift from extensive economy tointensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理经验：introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise促进地区间的合作：promote regional cooperation促进改革： promote reform促进全球经济一体化：foster integration with the global economy打黑：crack down on speculation and profiteering (制裁；思索，投机；倒卖；投机倒把)打假：take strong measures against fake and shoddy products(crack down on counterfeit goods) (伪劣的，假冒的)打破垄断： break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉)：lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁： form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场：take back lost market发挥自身优势：give full play to one’s advantages (小心，谨慎)防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境：improve the environment for investment赶超先进：surpass the advanced给… 带来积极影响： bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整：gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产：notarize the properties (对…公正)和…达成(签订)协议：reach(sign) an agreement with (签字) 和…进一步合作：further cooperation with和…有合作关系： have cooperative ties with活跃市场：enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (全力以赴)计算出准确的工资水平： figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整：speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐：accelerate the competition加快努力： speed up efforts加强风险防范：prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理：reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力：ease the seriousness of deflation减轻… 的负担： reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效： downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency(效能，功效；薪金总额)剪彩： cut the ribbon(缎带，丝带)解除劳动关系：sever labor relation(断绝，中断)解放生产力：emancipate the productive forces ( free the productivity) 精简机构：streamline government organs (使简单化)竟争上岗： compete for the post举报非法行为：disclose any illegal activities (揭露，公开)开辟更多渠道： open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场：tap(favor) the Chinese market开拓市场：exploit markets控制通货膨胀： control inflation(keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距：widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场：expand consumption market留职停薪：retain the job but suspend the salary(维持，悬挂，中止) 面对可能的压力和竞争：face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利：seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展)： balance economy取缔非法收入： ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线：put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要：give way to the need for competition申请专利： apply for a patent实现目标： realize the goal适应… 的发展： adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重： suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态： decrease the imbalance缩小… 间的距离： narrow the gap between提高公务员工资： raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平：raise the management level提高居民生活：improve residents’standard of living调整产业结构：adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果精神：turn laboratory achievements into commercial以创新和实践为重点：emphasizing creativity and practice使英语达到更高水平：push one’s English to a higher level受到… 的关注：receive attention from疏导游客：divert tourists疏通关系：lubricate relationships (给…加润滑油)树立企业良好形象：foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡：punch the card; stamp the card(用力按；邮戳)陶冶情操：cultivate one’s taste(temperament)提倡文明的生活方式：advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质： improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识： raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度：raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会：offer a chance of education通过资格考试：pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质：see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步：push forward human civilization挖墙脚：undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明，精神文明一起抓： pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural(ethical) progress相互促进： help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设的成就：introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world向学生传授知识：impart knowledge to students消除误解：clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧：eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚： form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice以全新的面貌进入新世纪： enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教： teach students according to their aptitude(倾向，天资) 引起激烈争论：spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境：create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康：affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展：give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往：communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识：strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right 找工作：hunt for a job值得重视(关注)：deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件： control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展：give priority to the development of education 重视实用性：place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才：respect knowledge and respect competent people 四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度： help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡： keep ecological balance保持水土：preserve soil and water保护和改善生活环境，保护珍稀野生动植物： protect and improve the living environment and the protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地：reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术：adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法：apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建： participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动：take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应： produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式：pursue a“green”life创造良好的生态环境：create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展：promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能： develop solar energy防治污染：prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林： pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境： improve the eco-environment(ecological environment) 关闭化工厂：close chemical plants加大污染治理力度：strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化： strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护： strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设： improve the eco-construction加强水土保持： reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度： adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆： reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费： reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘：decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划： further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧：prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育：advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动： advocate green activities扩建管道网络： expand the pipe network普及环保知识：popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码：snatch password窃取知识产权：lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准：implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机： crash computers使用再生纸： use recycle paper探索… 的奥秘：probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉：eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平：raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识：improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重：increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒：unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设：perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地：provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物：supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护：enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放：decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播：strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题：result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延：prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识：enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典：defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题：tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源：attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母：disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理：advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况：conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望：pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活：reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭：encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活：lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策：stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查：carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验：inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元：start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长)：control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低：bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变：pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观：damage the morality of human society缩小代沟：narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育：encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚：ask for a divorce提高人口素质：improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权：safeguard and promote the peo ple’s rights to subsistence and development维护人权和不断改善人权状况：safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件：enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异：display a marked difference优化人口结构：optimize the population structure优生优育：bear and rear better children占总人口的10%：account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念：result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学：benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系：correctly handlethe relationship of economic development versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见：ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱：earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题：pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威：undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障人权：respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与… 比赛：avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻：mark a historic time表现完美：give some very good performance剥夺冠军：strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法：adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力：participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛：take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动：articipate in the bidding campaigns超过世界记录：surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲：ecome the pride of the nation创新世界纪录：set a new world record到国际体育标准：reach the standard for international games打败比利时队：defeat Belgium打破恶性循环：break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录：beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练：serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠：take the crown反对使用兴奋剂：oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求：meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性：become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气：boost the morale of the team members获得认可：gain recognition获得团体冠军：win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志：fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜：gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部：set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯：compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果：satisfy with the draw面对强手：face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛：blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施：furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验：gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格：qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛：ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥：bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军：miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破：fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌：dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力：wake up one’s life使中国以3 ∶2 取胜：give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议：make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平：raise the level of the Chinese team。
2024年课外中考备考词汇1-9 新
中考备战词汇一affect影响，感动effect效果，结果，影响effort努力spare no effort to do不遗余力influence影响low carbon低碳weight体重，重量height高度diet日常饮食on diet节食struggle斗争，奋斗have difficult/problem/trouble in doing 做某事有困难book an appointment预约put sth into practice付诸行动save节省，拯救savior拯救者get rid of 摆脱，除去plus加entire全部的，整个的immediately赶快experience经历，经验position位置，地方，姿势perform表演，执行performance表演，执行translate翻译publish出版polish磨光，润色punish 惩罚suffer from遭受distance 距离，路程，远处in exchange for交换annual每年的，一年一次的enter v.进入entry n.进入charity慈善safeguard保护，捍卫，保障forward向前confused困惑的，迷惑的，糊涂的annoy使生气，使恼怒annoyed感到生气，感到恼怒annoying让人感到生气，让人感到恼怒comfort安抚，安慰，宽慰sigh叹气corner角落concert音乐会cancer癌症cancel取消be short for缩写be short of缺乏second 第二，秒rather than 而不是a sense of self -worth 自我价值感social anxiety社会焦虑anxious 焦虑不安的anxiety n.焦虑benefit好处，益处focus on专注=concentrate on集中be less likely to很少可能be responsible for对...负责individual个人.一个人的，单独的adulthood成年，成年期mental health心理健康media媒体explore探索type类型，种类v.打字open its door to the public向公众敞开门locate v.定位，安置于location n.定位，地点，位置(position) province省份in the shape of以...形状treasure财富，珍宝micro-微mini-小stressful压力大的，紧张的without any side effects没有任何副作用side hobby副业pill药丸，药片tool工具level 水平，标准，层次lower stress levels降低压力的水平record录制，录音，记录record one's life记录生活from time to time有时，时不时personal photographer私人摄影师movement 运动frame框架shotprovince省份dormitory寝室graduate from从…毕业receive接收throat喉咙speech演讲mountain大山mountainous多山的，巨大的gradually逐渐地form one's own path形成自己的路path小路，路径form表格，形式，v构成，形成，组成，养成be free to do sth自由做某事only if 只有behave in a certain way用某种方式表现judge判断，裁判make great achievements取得成就feel proud of感到骄傲/自豪push推，督促，鞭策，使…努力push sb too hard逼迫某人remind sb of sb/sth使某人想起某人/某物remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事make up for弥补，补偿open-minded思想开明的describe描述control the speed of the car控制车速the same as和…一样make us able to drive much faster使我们可以开的更快seem to do sth好像做某事seem to be adj好像imagine doing想象做某事right away=right now=at once=immediately立即,马上should ①提出意见或建议You should lie down.②义务或责任You should study hard.③命令,责备,要求You shouldn’t be so careless.④推测和可能性The photos should be ready.(在一定时间内一定会) She should be a doctor.unconscious无知觉的in a serious situation 处于严肃的处境without a second thought毫不犹豫，不假思索thought (think的过去式) n 想法，主意(idea)first-aid class 急救课程get into situation陷入处境get into danger陷入危险get into trouble陷入麻烦weak虚弱的，无力的，薄弱的，不善于suffer from遭受suffer a heart attack chest盒子，胸部push the chest regularly有规律按压胸部during the process在过程期间take a photo of 拍…照片knowledge知识consider ...as be considered to be/as看作treat ...as be treated to be/as看作regard...as be regarded to be/as看作see...as be seen as看作view 看be viewed as 被视为event大事件比赛项目uneventful平凡无奇的project项目，工程，计划program程序，节目top顶端，顶部，顶尖的bottom底端，底部explore探索dive 潜水recreate再现，再创造add添加, 增加，补充说business商业，生意，重要的事，事情be responsible for对…负责develop students' painting abilities发展学生的画画能力box office 票房become big commercial hits成为商业的热门hit 受欢迎的人或物culture 文明，文化cultural output文明的输出gradually逐渐的thus因此therefore 因此increase surface area增加表面积silly愚蠢的steep陡峭的mountainous 多山的，巨大的basically基本上，大体上，总的来说basic基本的，基础的，根本的，最简单的tragedy悲剧noticed for my mind 提醒我make an investment投资go against my nature违背自然occasion场合，。
《国际市场营销(英)》-课程教学大纲
《国际市场营销（英）》课程教学大纲The Course Syllabus of Marketing一、课程基本信息(Basic Course Information)课程代码：16051702Course Code: 16051702课程名称：国际市场营销（英）Course Name : International Marketing课程类别：专业方向课Course Type : Specialized Course学时: 32Period：32学分：2Credit：2适用对象：英语专业本科高年级学生Target Students: Undergraduate in High Grade Majoring in English考核方式：考查Assessment: Examination先修课程：当代商学概论I , IIPreparatory Course: Introduction to Contemporary Business I , II二、课程简介（Brief Course Introduction）本课程是外国语学院商务英语（国际商务与管理方向）本科高年级学生的专业方向必修课。
本课程包含国际市场营销学的四大知识板块，即国际市场营销的含义，过程和环境；如何利用国际市场营销机遇和制定营销战略；如何开发市场营销组合；怎样进行国际市场营销管理。
This course is offered to Business English majors (with an International Business and Management orientation) as a compulsory course in the 7th semester. This course includes fourbasic modules of marketing: the meaning, process and environment of marketing, the pursuing of marketing opportunities and the designing of marketing strategies , the development of marketing mix and the management of marketingThis course will also be using many examples, past and up-to-date, to provide Ss with necessary principles and know-how in marketing; to introduce the development of businesses in various fields in China, to raise Ss’ awareness of business and economic achievements in China and its contribution to the world economy, especially into the 21st century; to build Ss’confidence and pride in themselves as well as in the nation; to encourage Ss to think critically not only in matters of marketing and business, but also in life and future career, and to help Ss to develop initiatives in their life and study, preparing them for future contributions to larger purposes of the nation.本课程是外国语学院商务英语专业及英语专业（国际商务与管理方向）本科高年级学生的专业方向选修课。
浅谈关联方交易信息披露规范的外文翻译
外文翻译原文：Discussion of related party transaction information disclosure normsAt present, the related party transactions of listed companies is widespread, many listed company has become an important part of business activities. In theory, related party transactions are neutral areas of the economy, market behavior is neither simple, nor "black box" trading. Its main role is to make full use of internal resources, lower transaction costs, improve operational efficiency and achieve the company goal of capital operation. However, because the purpose of related party transactions and forms the main body by the micro-economic control, so in practice, many listed companies, related party transactions not in the free competition under market conditions, but controlled by large shareholders. Particularly in the laws and regulations are not perfect, assessment and auditing role of intermediaries has not been fully played, accounting practitioners are not high quality case, related party transactions even easier to become part of the adjustment of profits of listed companies, the means to evade tax . This resulted in varying degrees of distortion of accounting information and misleading investors investment decisions.First, the existence of related party transactions in questionWhile certain related party transactions are conducted in public, but in many cases, related party transactions is not based on a fair and impartial, but to gloss over the party's financial position and operating results, to achieve set a good corporate image, to appease the creditors, incentives of investors. Obviously unfair related party transactions, mainly the following aspects:1. Adjustment of profits. ① The favorable transfer pricing and false sales to the inflated profits. If listed companies well below the market price of raw materialspurchased from related parties or stock merchandise on, he is far above the market price of the sale to related parties, the low prices, then the operating results of listed companies to gradually "brilliant "get up. ②profits through asset replacement regulation. Assets between related parties, the performance in the form of unequal exchange: one related party to purchase quality assets at low prices to listed companies and listed companies or non-performing assets of unequal exchange; two non-performing assets of listed companies and related debt equal to the related party stripped to reduce the financial costs, enhance profitability; three listed companies the market price much higher than the sale of bad assets to related parties in order to obtain significant disposal gains.2. Shift the burden of debt and costs. Between related parties bear the debt and costs, mainly in the following several forms: ① the other party to repay the debt; ②the other party to pay the purchase price; ③pay the other party; ④otherwise the other party to incur obligations and costs.3. Transfer of funds. By listed companies are often higher or lower than the market price, selling goods to related parties or to provide services to achieve the purpose of transfer of funds. In addition, listed companies and financial exchanges between related parties and lending are quite common, although business lending to each other between the acts not permitted by the regulations, but the related party transactions and the lending of funds between the two is difficult to strictly distinguish between , and the method was not responsible for the public.4. Reduce the tax burden. Reduce the tax burden through related party transactions, the main two things: First, the profits of profit-making enterprises will be transferred to the loss-making enterprises, to minimize the tax burden on the whole group; second is the use of different enterprises in different regions and tax incentives tax provisions of the difference , the profits to low tax or even more preferential tax policies related party.Second, the limitations of the relevant laws and regulations binding1. Difficult to control the related party relationship between the behavior of non-associated. In order to truly reflect the economic substance of related partytransactions, promulgated the "sale of assets between related parties, such as the Provisional Regulations on Accounting Treatment." The central element is: listed companies and transactions between related parties, if there is no conclusive evidence that the transaction price is fair, on the obviously unfair trading price of parts, shall be allowed to be recognized as current period profit as a capital surplus shall be dealt with and This part of the difference may not be used to increase the capital, or make up the losses. As the Interim Provisions on non-related party transactions is not to regulate, resulting in a number of listed companies by various means, the association of non-related party relationship, so that the original revenue from related parties into from non-affiliated parties, to achieve the manipulation of profit purposes. In addition, listed companies will be non-association of related party relationships since then replacement of non-monetary assets, monetary transactions: the first non-correlation of related party relationship, then a non-monetary asset exchange transactions, as the two document monetary transaction processing, asset replacement soon had a business into a sale of assets and acquired assets of the two document-monetary transactions to evade the "Accounting Standards for Enterprises - Non-monetary transactions" constraints, to increase the company's profits with .2. Relationship between related parties narrow the scope of the provisions. "Enterprise Accounting Standards - related party relationships and transactions disclosed in", the not give a clear definition of related parties, gave only a standard to judge the relationship between related parties, namely: direct or indirect control, joint control or direct significant impact; two or more parties with the subject's control. But indirect common control, significant indirect effects, with the under common control between two or more parties, not as a related party accounting standards; on the form is not in fact belong to the relationship between related parties, accounting standards only in principle requirements, but no specific requirements. Define the scope of related party relationships too narrow for the listed companies manipulated profits through related party transaction has left more space.3. Pricing policies on related party transaction disclosure requirements is too simple. "Accounting Standards for Enterprises - related party relationships andtransactions disclosure" requires listed companies in the notes to financial statements, the related party transactions pricing policy as one element of their transactions to be disclosed. However, the scope of the pricing policy, to which pricing policies can be used, different pricing policies apply to which types of transactions, etc., not to make provision. Currently, listed companies to disclose the related party transaction pricing policies varied, such as the ex-factory price, price agreements, plans price, contract price, the wholesale price so the choice of pricing policies are also highly irregular, and did not explain the pricing basis, with non-associated party transactions are consistent pricing policies and the amount of Wen Ti the difference, the resulting public right, "Accounting Standards - Related Party Relationships and Transactions disclosure" disclosure requirement widely questioned.4. Disclosure of information on irregular lack of effective monitoring. Currently, listed companies to disclose the actual related party relationships and transactions there are more problems: first, incomplete disclosure of related party relationships. Not many listed companies have a major impact on their companies or controlling shareholders to be disclosed as related party. Major individual investors, key management personnel and their close family members and other related parties, disclosed little. Second is the type of related party transactions do not grasp the accurate disclosure is not sufficient. Between related parties such as the guarantee and mortgage as a contingent liability on the license agreement, and key management personnel compensation, transfer and other receivables, the basic non-disclosure. Disclosure of related party transactions statement is too general, the current focus on disclosure of related party transactions form a large extent the disclosure, and its economic substance, the rationale behind, the production and operation of the parties to the transaction and the extent of current performance of the substance did not make disclosure. Third, the disclosure of related party transactions ambiguous content, such as the type of transaction, the transaction elements of the disclosure, or understatement, or incomplete, so that users of financial statements can not be clear, accurate accounting information. 4 is a fraud, in order to misconduct. All this, yet the lack of relevant rules and regulations to regulate and control.Third, disclosure of related party transactions on the normative Suggestions1. Stock Exchange's regulatory role to play. Stock Exchange listed company to disclose the contents of the related party transactions should have the power to examine, from the relevant laws and regulations to standardize the system. Establish government regulation, industry self-discipline and social supervision Trinity regulatory framework. Information disclosure in the securities market regulation, in the same time improve the ability of government regulation. Government regulation should be established, industry self-discipline and social supervision Trinity regulatory framework.2. Establish and improve laws and regulations safeguarding the interests of small investors in the system. For related party transactions due to the unfair result of shareholder interests are infringed upon, relevant laws and regulations should be appropriate provisions to protect victims, punish the aggressor. Should gradually establish a complete range of civil, criminal and administrative liability, including multi-level information disclosure regulatory regime, and gradually change the current excessive reliance on administrative control to regulate the securities market information disclosure practices. From the legislative point of view, to give small investors, certain special powers, such as in particular, small and medium investors to ask the court to reject the shareholder meeting, Board of Directors the powers of resolution.3. Expand the scope of related party relationships. Whether an association party relations, In addition to the accounting standards of the provisions, indirect common control, under common control with both sides in or to be considered as associated with. "International Accounting Standards No. 24 - the reveal of the related parties", the indirect joint control or significant influence indirectly, and with under common control between two or more parties, are considered related parties. According to our current situation, this could be reference.4. Increase disclosure of the contents of the related party transactions. Operating performance of listed companies have a significant impact related party transactions, in addition to existing disclosure requirements should be content, but also to disclosethe extent of its influence; involving the transfer of assets, mutual funds, such as guarantees and collateral information, regardless of their the amount of size, should be fully disclosed; on the relationship between related parties has been discharged from the original related parties, such as trade or financial dealings with its occurrence, it should be full disclosure.5. Standard pricing policies related party transactions. Resources or obligations between related parties of the transfer price is the key to understand the related party transactions. However, as "Enterprise Accounting Standards - related party relationships and transactions disclosed in" Related party transactions not provided pricing policy, which led to the pricing policies of listed companies to disclose highly irregular. In my opinion, can learn from the practice of international accounting standards, to make provision for this, such as the widely used internationally comparable uncontrolled price, resale price, cost plus profit price.6. Study abroad and learn from the disclosure requirements of related party transactions. If some countries require listed companies to disclose related party transactions outstanding amount of the settlement period and manner of senior staff or joint venture receivable and notes receivable, with joint ventures, directors and other related-party receivables, payables , director and CEO compensation and related party in the balance sheet of the commitments. Some countries also require listed companies on the amount of related party transactions in large amounts in the balance sheet disclosure of transactions with related parties are disclosed in the income statement. These practices, we should learn from.7. Increase disclosure of related party transactions violation penalties. For listed companies to manipulation related party transactions, accounting statements or to gloss over certain related party transactions it hidden, refused to disclose important information or distort the behavior of the appropriate punishment should be to develop rules and increase penalties. In addition, irregularities of listed companies, listed companies must not only punish, but also on the board of directors and related companies be held responsible in civil and criminal liability.Source: K.C. John Wei. Tunneling or propping: Evidence from connected transactions in China [J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,2006(5):26-34. 译文：浅谈关联方交易信息披露规范目前，上市公司的关联交易十分普遍，很多上市公司关联交易已成为企业活动的重要组成部分。
大学自我简介英文范文（精选16篇）
大学自我简介英文范文（精选16篇）大学自我简介英文范文篇11.Good morning. I am very glad to be here for this interview.2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院First let me introduce myself. My name is LiShuai, and my English name is Jacky Lee. I've finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University, Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical Physics.3.性格，爱好，实践经验I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design. For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 20xx. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process . In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a junior.4.为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not becompetent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value.The major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design. Because I findintegrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society. And nowadays in China, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to us.I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.5.结束语OK, that’s all. Thank you very much.大学自我简介英文范文篇2I’m a person who likes challenges. During my 4 years at Peking University I’ve always tried hard to seek, confront and conquer challenges, as you can find from my resume. Today I’m sitting here in front of you, well aware that you are going to give me a big challenge. And I’m confident that I can survive it.My name is , a postgraduate student from Tianjin University, and will get my master degree in March 20xx.I'd like to summarize myself from 3 aspects:First, I'm an excellent learner. In my sophomore year, I passed theentrance examination to the Excellent Student Program in Tianjin University and was recommended as the postgraduate student with special courses, and then I joined the IBM Center in Tianjin University.After finishing my undergraduate courses, my GPA was 3.8 out of 4.5.Second, I'm an excellent problem-solver. During the last 4 years, I have finished 5 projects, including the Hydraulic Engineering Project Management System, and so on. And I took part in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling in 20xx and won the second prize in Tianjin region.Last, I'm an excellent team player. I've been serving as the monitor for 6 years and team leader for 2 years. And besides taking more responsibilities, I also placed great emphasis on teamwork, in order to meet the team's goal. Good morning !It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,I hope i can make a good performance today. I'm confident that I can succeed.Now i will introduce myself brieflyI am 28years old,born in shandong province .I was graduated from QiongZhou university. my major is social work.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx.I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.In Sep 20xx, I begin work for a smallState-owned chemical enterprises in linQing city.Because I'm capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.And in August 20xx,I left linQing to Qingdao and worked for a foreignenterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, I'd like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here tocompete for this position.I think I'm a good team player and I'm a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.大学自我简介英文范文篇3My name is Chris. I’m a Senior/ 4th-year undergraduate student from School of Economics, Peking Univ ersity. I’ve kept on outstanding academic record during the 4 years in college, winning several awards and scholarships including… I’ve co-founded such and such student organizations on campus and have participated in such and such exchange programs. I’ve had internships with prestigious companies such as ABC and XYZ, which was my first exposure to the consulting industry. I’m excited about the dynamic lifestyle and steep learning curve in a consulting firm, and that’s the reason why I applied for this job.大学自我简介英文范文篇4I think that since the admission, the school has to comply with the rules and regulations, has a good ideological and moral quality, outstanding performance. Have a strong collective sense of honor and sense of responsibility, adhere to the principle of practical work for things.I thought the correct Chikunailao can have lofty ideals and great goals, the importance of personal moral cultivation, the adoption of a healthy life style, helpful, concerned about national affairs.In school, I have been studying hard and assiduously, through systematic study and master a solid foundation of knowledge.大学自我简介英文范文篇5Hello,everyone!I was fortunate to 200 * years in September admitted to the University of ad specialty . From 200 * to 200 *, from East Campus to Dushu Lake Campus. In the Soviet four years, brought me a lot of heritage and memory. Four years passed away, when they graduate, should be for the life of four years in the Ivory Tower to learn to do an interview self-introduction.In four years, I quite seriously in learning, performance is also better, every year the school received a scholarship in the class have been able to maintain in the top five. Particularly in the specialized courses concerned, as far as possible to learn good use. Actively participate in various advertising competitions, and won the National College Advertising Art Competition Third Prize of Jiangsu Division. Both peacetime operations, or papers, or exams, can seriously hope the best. If you would like to say that four years in learning what the greatest regret is that English, formerly in high school I've had a nice English, but into the university, I slack on the English language, and not spend too much time to learn , resulting in the test to graduate have not been 6.In social practice, I think my experience was very abundant. 200 * in the second half, I have to do internship in an advertising agency planning work, although the beginning of what will not, very hard, very tired, but when I as a Fan Meeting planners and executors of the stage and flowers after child communication band, when I write advertising effectiveness measurement companies Ina ceramic gain customer acceptance of the report, when I see their planned ceremony, opening ceremony of the successful implementation of the time, when I designed the LOGO when used by businesses When I work independently inthe scene when the road show, I was happy. With my own efforts to complete a task. Internship in advertising, I learned a lot of things can not go to school books, contact with clients across industries, while also working in the printing industry, media, service organizations and other rituals have a certain understanding for the future able to adapt quickly to lay the foundation for work.Prior to this, McDonald's, I also worked part-time, bitter, tired, but that time has given me a lot of fun. Learn a lot. I begun to taste the hardships of life and make money easily. McDonald's as a world-class enterprises, it has a strict standard of staff training system and working mechanism. Work at McDonald's, on the one hand I learned such a big company product promotion, teamwork, customer service, quality assurance and so should learn the rules and regulations and successful experiences, on the other hand, deal with all kinds of customers, but also enhance the my ability to communicate with others, in addition, work has worked hard my hard-working spirit.In addition, in terms of ideology, I also actively move closer to the party, on the one hand, to strengthen its own ideological and moral construction, to arm themselves ideologically; on the other hand, in the spirit of serving the people, adhere to help others, serve the community members of the strict demands on themselves. Finally the beginning of the glorious junior joined the Chinese Communist Party, and successfully turned positive after one year.Four years in college, I know a lot of friends, they gave me a lot of help, let me learn a lot, this is college, in addition to expertise outside of an additional valuable asset.In short, four years of school life, whether professional orsocial knowledge about, or people skills, have learned a lot I can say that four years of my life the most significant period of time, my ideal life and the pursuit of life during this period to determine their own career planning for a new life also have a new goal. I will continue to work closer to success!大学自我简介英文范文篇6The little girl, tall, thin eyebrows under a pair of watery eyes.A black short hair, looks like a tomboyOh, this is meI am cheerful and lively personality, jieruqiu, see injustice hasa tantrum, last year, I found that some students copy writing class, I severely criticized them, scared they no longer dare copy writing.As for the cheerful, not false, it is precisely because of this, people are more likely to enter my inner world, so I was very popular in the class, there are many good friendsI like reading very much. No, it is a book like life, because of this reason, I have a special feeling of writing, my composition results in the best in the class, a little famousHere, maybe someone will say, you put yourself into a flower boast, not a disadvantage? Ashamed, ashamed, people eat whole grains which can not disadvantage? My biggest weakness is because these four words be negligent, let me test, repeatedly damaged.I like Chinese very much, because the language is rich and colorful in the worldI think the world can not become, as long as you work hard, success will be waving to you in the not far place. I will continue to carry forward the advantages and overcome the disadvantages and strive for further improvement.This is me, a confident about the future, I am full of hope forlife大学自我简介英文范文篇7hello，everybody! i’m very glad to be here.now i feel my heart beats very faster.it is a joke. let me make a deep breath for relax.my chinese name is chenyuheng,you can call me steven in english too. i came from yucai boarding school in wuhan.today,i wanna show my best to everyone.ok, now, do you want to know more about me?my favourite food is egg fried rice,because it is yummy,easy and healthful .i like it!my favourite colour is black,it is so mystery and cool! i have so many black t-shirt.my favourite movie is harry port.i feel the actor very handsome. i have so many hobbies.i like swimming very much.in summer,i can swimming in the pool with my friends.i feel i am a fish when i in the pool .i also like playing the computer games.if you like, you can join our team.this is me, a clever and energetic boy. i like making friends,too. so i have so many good friends, do you want to be my friends?thank you，thank you give me a chance.thank you……all!大学自我简介英文范文篇8I am from the School of Economics, Lu Wenjie. Time flies, time flies and leave the immature freshman, sophomore's confused, today I am a little more mature and stable. Looking back over the past two years, both full of challenges and hard work, but also frustration and regret. However, the "1000 Amoy 10 000 strain liquids while hard, Chuijin Once Upon a beginning to the gold." Two years I work hard with their own, with their own hard work and sweat, with his down-to themselves, to parents, the teachers submitted a satisfactory answer.The most profound memory of my winter vacation this year alone to Jiangxi Province to investigate the small Tamura, combined with the theory, in-depth and detailed analysis of the collected raw data and materials, to complete a "small Tamura Basic economic and social development research", was Ninth "Challenge Cup" extra-curricular academic and scientific work of Tianjin College of Philosophy and Social Science Class Grand Prize competition, "Challenge Cup" of Tianjin Science and Technology Business School Extracurricular academic works of philosophy and social science contest first prize. Completion of such a complex investigation, and ultimately, the difficulties in the rocky course of the investigation, the investigation's success is also dedicated to pay two years of university life results.Sophomore year, gradually increasing professional courses in the learning process, I came to feel that the present study only stick to textbooks, but only with real-life learning is linked to a deeper understanding. "Three Rural Issues" is currently one of China's economic development priorities and difficult problems.I have strong concern for the issue, and in order to learn more about the real life of villagers in central position, and the current series of agriculture-related policies to the changes brought about in rural areas. I selected for the micro-sample of Jiangxi Province, Tamura D, carry out investigations. As never before been investigated by learning everything from scratch, starting from scratch. First access to the rural economy literature to understand the current situation in rural areas around, and the basic form of the report, then, for my topic, design the questionnaire. At that time, to coincide with the final examination of the review stage, and I have to step up review. Can be said that every day is the first quarters out, go back to the latest one.大学自我简介英文范文篇9My name is Liu Z, and Jiangsu City, Suqian Province, is a foreign language class 20xx North Korea preview freshmanI love to laugh, love is simple, love Philharmonic, lively music, love friends, love freedom, love and love cannot hold all the fun, excitement, funny nonsense love, love as a pleasurable occupation quietly, love crazy bustling, I himself, I Liu Han, that's what I do, no matter you appreciate, I still stumbled in their life on the road and did not lose the attitude to go on.Be myself alaways!My history is not only a The brightness dazzles the eyes. modification, step by step in proving their hardships and firm. Did the League secretary, Secretary of the know is not easy to do and play; a member of the study, upstairs is not in the imagination, is responsible for everyone to learn; won the "three good student", just know success is not an easy job to do the casual, Yangaoshoudi, but in reality, the tireless efforts of the low hand; won the "excellent class dry", finally tasted "in its place, their government benefits. The past let it in the past, it has become history, I want to do is to seize the opportunity in the journey of new students in the showYourself, and everyone shares university brings surprises.Entering university means unlimited opportunities, to conquer a new field of opportunity. I want to enrich my life in University, cultivate their abilities, "when one", constantly overstating their own stage. So, I will be very hard, very hard, very hard, very hard to fight, to struggle. Try, don't regret the way I came to university.In the University, I want to show you the most awesome to everyone, and everyone together with day day up (every day)!大学自我简介英文范文篇10Good morning ! Everyone! (or Ladies and gentlemen)It is my great honor to have this opportunity to introduce myself. and I hope I could make a good performance today, eventually become a member of your school. Now let me introduce myself please. I’m a graduate student from MAOMING UNIVERSITY . My name is LiLin ,24 years old. , born in MAOMING. GuangDong province . My major is English, and I will graduate this June.In the past 3 years,I spent most of my time on English studying and practise. I have a good command of both spoken and written English and past CET-4 with a ease. Skilled in use of Office 20xx, excel. My graduate school training combined with my cadet teacher should qualify me for this particular job.Although perhaps I’m not the best among the candidates, but with my strong knowledge background and full enthusiasm for education, I am sure I will satisfy you well.As a college student, I concentrated on studying modern teaching technology. I have acquired enough essential and fundamental knowledge of English teaching in the past four years. Since September 20xx, with great interest, I have been doing student cadre for almost each semester and formed good team-work spirits. It also kindly provided me crucial guidance to analyze interpersonal relationship. My teachers and classmates describe me as a reliable and considerate person. Other than my major study, I have master a great skills in computer operation.One month as cadet teacher in the March of 20xx, not only did i obtain enough first hand experience in my field but also gradually realized that the career I have chosen is sacred and significant. Therefore, I am determined to become a diligent,hardworking, and responsible educator.Last but not least, I will be fully committed and I am confident to work efficiently and meticulously under pressure as a competent team member. I welcome the opportunity to speak with senior management further regarding my qualifications for the position.Thank you very much for your attention!大学自我简介英文范文篇11Hello,everyone! My name is , ⅹ years old .is the student of grade 5 class 2. I learn outstanding achievement, the vice President's class.I like English so my English is very good.I also like playing badminton, because it can exercise. I like to eat fruit, because there are nutritious.Thanks!大学自我简介英文范文篇12ood morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.Now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend Several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeplyunderstanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i wont give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character?I cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.大学自我简介英文范文篇13hello,everyone!today i am very happy,because i can talk about with you.you see i am a lovely girl,yes!i like laughing,i like studying.that`s me-- zhuyingjie from badong shiyan primary school.i am eight. i am young but i know “we are the masters of nature.” we have only one earth. but now,the environment becomes worse and worse. as you know,there's no enough clean water for people. so many of them lose their lives because of water.if we take good care ofour earth today,it will be more beautiful tomorrow.my dear friend let us start from the trivial side,to be a good kid keeper.nowadays, increasingly individuals pay special attention to the topic the way to happiness. maybe some folks have a question that why “the way to happiness” becomes a hot word in the society.we all know a lot of people consider their life are not happy. for students, the academic pressure, the enter the next higher school’s pressure and the comparison of the result are confused all the students every day. the graduate will worried about their job and payment in the going future. staffs may anxious the competition and the advance in the company. the retiree may worried about the endowment insurance and the healthy problem. therefore, a lot of problems like strife, contradiction have emeraged.so, is that means only kids have a happy life or kids even have their own shadow we do not find it out?in fect, still a lot of people consider their life are beatific surrounding us. you can see the sweet smile on their face and full of energy’s looks everyday.you will have another question here. why these guys’ life are beatific all the time? they do not have any pressure or they won’t worried about anything?in fect, these people know a secret, the way to happiness.firstly, we know all the people must face a lot of pressure everyday, people know the secret have their own way to reduce their pressure and solve the problems. in front of the presure, they have a lot of methods just like drink a cup of tea, listen some light music or talk with their friends to share their mind and relaxtheirselves.secondly, they have their own plan of everything such as a timetable include the time for working, the time for enjoying their life with wife, with husband and kids, the time for shopping and so on.. they just face the pressure durning the time for work and they use remaining time to enjoy their life and do some other things they like.thirdly and the most siginificant things of all is that they do not worried about the pressure or the problems will happen in the going future and they have strong confidence to salve and to face all the challenges. they have a glorious vision in their mind. 大学自我简介英文范文篇14Hi, My name is Dawn, I'm from the beautiful ancient city of Kaifeng. As you can see, I am a very casual girl, and a lot of people here, like 18-year-old, I love a lot, I love guitar, love to sing love dancing, very fond of English, I am very love to watch "Prison Break", like the actor micheal clever wit.I like making friends, and hope you will be able to and I have become good friends, I think I will, and you get along with.大学自我简介英文范文篇15Dear Sir or Madame.Hello ! I 'm ,I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company. I’m 22 years old and in good health. After graduation from a middle school, I have studied IT for many years. I am a better man.Do well in personal responsibility ,I am good at both operating a PC,I like palying puter and listening to the music.I’m interested in the position .I want very much to be accepted by your company. I’ll work hard if I can be a member in your company.大学自我简介英文范文篇16Hello,everyone!My name is is my English name,which is also the name of my idol.I’m a recommended student from CCFLS,in which I have studied for six years.During the time I stayed there,I’ve learned a lot from the teachers who I must thank sincerely.Another school in my life is my family.1990 witnessed me born in a happy family.I was treated as the apple of my family members’ eyes since childhood.Genuineness,perseverance,conscientiouness,the urge for improvement are the characters my family gives me.T oday,but for their support,I would not be this confident.Many thanks to my family.I love them all.I’m an optimistic,energetic,outgoing,active,humorous girl with any amount of hobbies,such as listening to music and writing my blog.What deserves to be introduced is my blog on sina,which takes me a lot of pains.It’s without much gaudy decorations,but many articles which are really worth reading.The website address is here.Your prensence and guidance are requested.Unlike many other girls,I’m quite good at sports.Swimming,skating,basketball,volleyball,badminton,table tennis and etc. are my preferences.In spite of my height,I have a good jumping capacity.Due to this,I’m the captain of the female basketball team and the principal member of the female volleyball team in our school.In addition,I’m fond of playing chess.I’ve got a silver medal when I was a child.Futhermore,I’m a very versatile girl.Piano and clarinet are my forte.They all get the ninth level.Besides,I’m a good organizer and leader in the school activities.I organized many English speech contest,also took a part in it and ranked among the best.Especially,I directed an English play called“the sound of music”,which is a gorgeoussuccess,so that every audience spoke highly of it.I’m very proud of that.To conclude,I’m sure I won’t let you down.I hope that you can give me a chance to study in Xiamen University,which is the shrine in my mind, and I’ll give you much glory in /zl That’s all.Thank you for your attention.。
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Social Exchange and Micro Social Order
Lawler, Edward J;Thye, Shane R;Yoon, Jeongkoo
American Sociological Review; Aug 2008; 73, 4; ProQuest
pg. 519
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