中考英语名词专项练习

一、教学目标：

名词用法

二、教学内容：

中考名词考点总结及练习

一、名词介绍

1.名词分类

专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。

Lucy, China, the Great Wall

普通名词：

A.可数：个体 dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball

集体名词 family,police,class,group,team

B.不可数：物质，物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料，

rice,glass,porridge, paper,air,wood,wheat,steel 抽象，表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念

Knowledge, danger,health, life, homework

2.名词变复数

一般：加-s, cakes, days,students,beds

以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾名词，加-es, buses, boxes, watches

以辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i,加-es, baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries 以元音字母加y结尾，加-s, toy-toys,monkey-monkeys

以f(fe)结尾，变f(fe)为ves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives

以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾，加-s, face-faces, orange-oranges

不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，man-men woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 单复数形式相同，fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese

其他其他形式，mouse-mice

国别：

以o结尾名词，加es, negro, hero, tomato,potato

名词作定语变复数：

1) 用复数作定语。例如：

sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系

2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workers women teachers gentlemen officials

3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：

goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产

customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷

4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：

two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路

two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

3.不可数名词的数：数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词，量词可单复数，但of 后的名词只用原形，如a piece of paper, a drop of water, two cups of tea

4.名词所有格：’s和of 形式。’s 形式表示有生命的东西，of所有格用来表示无生命的东西

my brother’s book the windows of the room

两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时，在最后一个名词后加’s

This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.

Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.

如果表示两者分别有，那么两个词都要加’s

These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.

如果以s结尾名词，其后加’,其他形式加’s

Teachers’ Day Children’s Day

店铺、医院名称加’s, at the doctor’s

someone,everybody,no one和else, 在else后加’s, 如 somebody else’s pencil

表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，可以在词尾加’s 或’来构成所有格。

A. 用于时间

An hour’s ride

B. 用于度量

Thirteen tons’ weight

C.用于价值

A hundred yuan’s order

D. 用于天体

The earth’s satellite

E. 用于国家

Belgium’s capital

F. 用于城市

The Ural’s industry

5.双重所有格：of+名词所有格，of+名词性物主代词

表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。

This is a picture of mine.

这是我的一张照片。

双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：

He is a friend of your father's.

他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）

He is a friend of your father.

他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）

6.名词转化

某些名词后加y变形容词，表示“充满…的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny

某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示“…性质的”，use-useful, care-careful

部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词，具有赞美意味。Friend-friendly, lovely

某些名词后加less表示没有，careless, useless

二、名词用法

作主语，English is useful.

做定语，paper tigers, work places

做宾语，She learns Chinese hard every day.

做表语，Tom is my good friend.

做宾语补足语， They chose the boy monitor.

三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同:

Work工作-a work著作，glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯，paper纸-a paper报纸，文件，试卷Tea茶-a tea一种茶，wood木头-a wood小树林，room空间-a room空间

非复数：physics, maths, politics, news

表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：

This factory produces steel. （不可数）

We need various steels. （可数）

当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

The girl was washing greens.

Our returns are not as good as before.

Please hand in your papers at once.

Mary lost her good looks when she was old.

四、名词动词化

1. Don’t brother me.

2. Don’t sir me!

3. The dog nosed the door open.

4. He mouthed down a piece of cake.

三、课堂练习：

填空：

Japanese_________, Frenchman_________, American__________, Egyptian_________ German__________, Australian___________, potato__________, tomato__________ photo________, piano________, kangaroo_________, bamboo_________

woman driver__________, apple tree_________

2.把下列名词变为形容词

wind_______有风的，rain________有雨的，dirt_______脏的，health_______健康的，help________有帮助的，joy________十分喜悦的，brother________兄弟般的

hope_______没希望的，fear________无畏的

单选：

1. –Hi，Tom. Could you help me cut up the meat for dumplings?

--Ok, Mom. But where is the___?

A. knife

B. fork

C. spoon

D. chopsticks

2. I was not at home when the___brought the package, so I’ll have to get it myself at the post office.

A. bus driver

B. mail carrier

C. police officer

D. shopkeeper

3. Why not go to the Great Wall this Saturday?—I’m afraid it’s not a good__. Many of us have been there.

A. place

B. day

C. plan

D. idea

4. When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew__was bad.

A. some news

B. a news

C. the news

D. news

5. A group of__will visit the museum tomorrow.

A. Hungarian

B. Autralian

C. Japanese

D. American

6. I wonder why___are interested in action films.

C. the people

D. the peoples

’s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of___.

A. the People’s Park

B. the Peoples’ Park

C. the People Park

D. People’s Park

8. The farmer raised ten___.

A. sheeps C. horse D. cows

9. They got much___from those new books.

A. ideas

B. photos

C. information

10. –What would you like to drink, girls?

--_____, please.

A. Two cup of coffee

B. Two cups of coffees

C. Two cups of coffee

D. Two cup of coffees

11. Today is September 10th. I t’s___Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teacher.

A. Teachers

B. Teachers’

C. the teachers’

D. Teacher’s

12. There are about 50__in our school.

A. women doctors

B. women teachers

C. woman teachers

D. woman workers

13. My mother bought me___last Saturday.

trousers B. two pair of trousers C. two pairs of trousers D. two pairs trousers

14. I want to have a __with you about the problem.

Sure.

A. fun

B. word

C. play

15. ____is nice and clean.

A. The air today

B. The today air

C. The air of today

D. The air

阅读与填空：

What's the real meaning of the word "peace" ? The 1 story may tell us something about it.

There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried. The king looked at all the there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.

One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace because of the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged (高低不平的). Above was the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked 6 , he found behind the waterfall a very small bush 7 in the midst 在….中 ) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace.

The king gave the award to the artist who painted the 8 picture. Why? "Because," explained the king, "peace does not mean 9 in a place where there

is no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace means in the midst of all those things, you're still calm in your heart. That's the real meaning of peace. "

阅读：

In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests．Today the forests have almost gone．A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand．

China doesn't want to copy the USA's example．We're planting more and more trees．We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south．

More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great

Green Walls will make the world better．

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1．In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests．

A．a third B．half C．two thirds D．a fourth

2．A lot of good land has gone with ______．

A．sand B．water C．wind D．forests

3．The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long．

A．7,000 kilometers B．1,700 kilometers

C．7,000 meters D．400 kilometers

4．Trees must be grown in ______.

A．China B．the USA

C．some countries D．every part of the world

5．______ will make the world better．

A．The Great Wall B．Tall buildings

C．Great Green Walls D．Flowers and grass

四、课后练习

was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly l ive on his_______.

A. little wage

B. few wage

C. wage

D. wages

of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.

ash B. the ash C. ash D. ashes

students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Yea r.

A. many preparations

B. much preparation

C. preparations

D. preparat ion

in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.

A. oil

B. an oil

C. oils

D. the oil

the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

A. much

B. lots of

C. a great deal of

D. many

large houses are being painted, but ______.

great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high exp ense

room was small and contained far too ______.

new furniture C. much new furnitures

new furniture D. many new furnitures

was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ____ __.

A. rooms number

B. room number

C. room’s numbers

D. room numbers

can do ____work in a short time, but a man can not do ____by himself.

A great many…many C. much…a great deal

deal of…much D. many…a great many

didn’t know _____ he had been given.

A. how many information C. how many informations

B. the number of information D. how much information

invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.

A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-arm

B. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm

the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

A. women doctors C. woman doctors

B. women doctor D. woman doctor

ten years, all these youngsters became_____.

A. growns-ups C. growns-up

B. grown-up D. grown-ups

police investigated those _____ about the accident.

A. stander-by C. standers-by

B. stander-bys D. standers-bys

Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.

C. prisoners-of-war

D. prisoner-of-war

manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.

A. new reel

B. news reel

C. new-reels

D. news reels

’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.

A. elder sister

B. elder sister’s

C. elder sisters

D. elder sisters dress

the people at the conference are ______.

A. mathematic teachers C. mathematics teacher

teachers D. mathema tic’s teachers

Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.

A. some property C. properties

B. some properties D. property

_____ with matter and motion.

A. deal

B. deals

C. dealing

D. are

答案

课堂练习：

变复数 2. Frenchmen 3. Americans 4. Egyptians 5. Germans 6. Australians drivers 14. apple trees

变形容词：

2. rainy 6. joyful 7. brotherly 8. hopeful 9. fearless

单选：

阅读填空：1. following Everyone 6. closely be 10. noise

课后练习：

10. D

初中英语语法知识—名词的分类汇编附答案

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