定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法
定语从句的用法

一、定语从句的有关概念

所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学

习定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。

先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修

饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的,所以人们就将放在

定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各

类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词

语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同

时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系

为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但

在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。

根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句

中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。

类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在

定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。

许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系

词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上

等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来

看几个例子吧。

I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。

这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为

修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,

从意义上说,它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价,换句话说,上面这个句子与

下面这个句子等价:I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人,它就住在隔壁。

She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。

句中的the day为先行词,when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句;在定语

从句中,when是关系词,它在定语从句中用作状语,从意义上说,它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价,也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价:She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天,在这一天她结婚了。

三、定语从句的翻译

许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。

首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which, who, when, where, why

等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。

前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;

但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现

为“……的”这样的形式。当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将

定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。如:

He showed me the article that he had written. 他把他写的文章拿给我看。

句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写

的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。

She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。

句中的which arrived just now为修饰名词the train的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“刚

才到的那列火车”,其中的关系代词which在此也译成了“的”字。

Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。

句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句,翻译时就可

译为“没什么人去上班的日子”,其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。

That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。

句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句,翻译时就可

译为“没什么人去上班的日子”,其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。

Give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

句中的why we should help you为修饰名词one reason的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“我们应当帮助你的理由”,其中的关系副词why在此也译成了“的”字。

当然,我们上面介绍的是翻译定语从句最简单同时也是最基本的方法,由于英语句

子千变万化,定语从句的表现形式也灵活多样,有些含有定语从句的句子可能用此方法

翻译会显得别扭,但只要掌握了这个基本的方法,再加上适当的变通,翻译定语从句也就不难了。

四、定语从句中关系代词的省略

省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that, which, who, whom。如:

Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。

句中的(that) you lent me为修饰those books的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中用作动词lent的宾语,故可以省略。

I wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me. 我戴着我妈留给我的项链。

句中的(which) my mother had left me为修饰the necklace的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词which在定语从句中用作动词left的宾语,故可以省略。

Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with? 你还记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?

句中的(who, whom) I was going out with为修饰the boy的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词who / whom在定语从句中用作句尾介词with的宾语,故可以省略。

注意:我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句,在非限制性定语从句中,即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外,当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时,此时也不能省略。如:

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。

此句中的关系代词which虽然也是用作宾语,但不能省略,因为它是直接跟在介词with后面作宾语。但是,如果将此句改写一下,将介词with置于句末,则可以将关系代词whom省略。如:

I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books and music with. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。

五、引导定语从句的主要关系代词

1. that的用法

that是所有关系代词中最常用的,它既可指人也可指物,既可用作主语也可用作宾语。如:

This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。

引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。

They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。

引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。

The man that I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。

引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。

2. who / whom的用法

关系代词who和whom均只能指人,不能指物;从理论上说,who是主格,在定语

从句中用作主语;whom是宾格,在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中,除非是直

接用作介词后作宾语,否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如(https://www.360docs.net/doc/ca7143216.html,):

I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人,他说认识你。

引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。

She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。

关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语,从理论上说应用whom,但也可以用who;由于

是用作主语,所以它们也可以省略。

注意,如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语,不可以用who来代替whom。如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。

句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语,故不可省略。

3. whose的用法

不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人,其实它也可以用于指事物;whose在定语从

句中主要用作定语。如:

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。

It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。

第一句中的关系代词whose指人,第二句中的关系代词whose 指物。

六、引导定语从句的主要关系副词

1. when的用法

关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词;

在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:

1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。

句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年,英语习惯上用介词in,如in 1988, in 2008等,所以此处用in which。

I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。

句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天,英语习惯上用介词on,如on that day, on Friday等,所以此处用on which。

Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。

句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻,英语习惯上用介词at,如at that time, at the moment 等,所以此处用at which。

2. where的用法

关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语,表示地点,用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:

What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字?

句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市,英语习惯上说明live in a city,所以此处用at which。

This cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。

句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于at 3.

3.why的用法

关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语,表示原因;why引导定语从句时,其先行词只有一个,那就是the reason;在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如:These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句,关系副词why在此相当于for which。

Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me?你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗?

句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句,关系副词why在此相当于for which。

why是一个比较特殊的关系副词,它引导定语从句时,除可换成for which外,有时也可换成that,甚至省略。如:

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.

正:The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.

正:The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.

正:The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.(https://www.360docs.net/doc/ca7143216.html,)

七、限制性和非限制性定语从句

根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制

性定语从句两大类。

所谓限制性定语从句,它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用,若去掉,

先行词的意思就不明确,它是不可缺少的一部分,它与先行词的关系密不可分,不可用

逗号将其分开。

而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用,它是可有可无的,与

先行词关系松散,通常用逗号将其分开。因此,有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和

非限制性定语从句的重要标志。

从所使用的关系词来看,在限制性定语从句中,that可以代替who, whom和which 等,但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如:

He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。

句中的which引导非限制性定语从句,不可换成that。

Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽,玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。

句中的who引导非限制性定语从句,不可换成that。

另外,关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句;但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。

We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐

推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。

Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。

以上两句中的关系副词when和where均引导非限制性定语从句。

which。表示在在某一地点,英语习惯上说明at a spot,所以此处用at which。

八、关系代词还是关系副词

一般说来,当先行词是表示时间的名词时,其后要用关系副词when来引导定语从句;先

行词是表示地点的名词时,其后要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。但这只是一般情况,有时会有

特殊情况噢!不信你看看下面的句子:

Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

This is the house that he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那座房子。

这两句均含有定语从句,它们所修饰的先行词分别为the time和the house,分别为

表示时间和地点的名词,但为什么后面接的是关系代词that,而不是关系副词when和where呢?

要弄清这个问题,我们先来回顾一下关系代词和关系副词的用法。前面我们讲到,

关系代词具有代词的功能,在定语从句中可用作主语或宾语等;而关系副词则具有副词

的功能,它们在定语从句中只能用作状语。所以,当我们要判断一个时间或地点名词后

是用关系词that 还是关系副词when和where时,我们首先要明确关系词在定语从句是用作什么成分——用作主语或宾语,则用关系代词;用作状语,则用关系副词。

现在我们再来分析一下上面的两个句子:

在Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you中,定语从句that I’ve told you之所以要用that来引导,是因为从句中的动词told缺宾语,tell在此所用的句型是tell sb sth,所以定

语从句要用关系代词引导。

在This is the house that he bought yesterday中,定语从句hat he bought yesterday之所

以也要用that来引导,同时是因为从句中的动词bought缺宾语,所以定语从句也要用关

系代词引导(https://www.360docs.net/doc/ca7143216.html,)。

确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是:看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语,若缺,用关系代词;若不缺,用关系副词。

(完整版)初中英语定语从句讲解教师版

初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等; 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

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Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识,请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用: 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似,有时可以相互转换,例如:金发女孩可译作abl on degirl, agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导,这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面,所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句,根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句;分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.

定语从句的基本用法

定语从句的基本用法 先请认真阅读下列各句,下列各句中的黑体部分均为该句所包含的定语从句: 1.This is the teacher who played basketball with us yesterday. 2.Tom is the boy whom they are looking for. 3.The house , which they built last year looks very new. 4.Physics is the most interesting subject that we learnt in the middle school. 从以上各句中我们可以看出定语从句是用来修饰它前面的名词或代词的,它起着修饰或限定作用。当然定语从句也可以用来修饰一个句子,在此我们不作讨论。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词是一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物,一般不能省略,拿掉后剩下的部分则没有意义,或者表述不清。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,拿掉以后剩下的部分仍然可以成立,常常用逗号将其隔开。例如: This is the place where the Chinese Communist Party was founded. 此句中的定语从句是限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This is the place.一句没有意义。 This message was left by Xiao Wang, who telephoned you just now. 此句中的定语从句是非限制性定语从句。如果拿掉则This message was left by Xiao Wang,一句仍有意义。 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系副词。常见的关系代词和关系副词有who, whom,that,whose,which,where,when,why等。现在我们侧重讨论如何使用这些关系代词和关系副词。如果关系代词在从句中作主语时一般不能省略,而作宾语时一般可以省略。 一,关系代词who, whom的用法。 1.who可以代替人(即它的先行词必须表示人),在从句中可以担任主语。也可以在 从句中担任宾语,但是它的前面不能带介词,如果带介词则必须使用宾格whom。 whom在从句中只能担任宾语。例如: a)This is the teacher who often tells us interesting stories in class. b)Mary is the girl who/whom Tom wants to marry. c)Mrs White is a teacher whom every student likes. d)She is the girl with whom I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 2.在定语从句中当先行词表示人时who和that是通用的。例如: a)Miss Green is the new teacher who/that teaches us spoken English. b)John’s father is an engineer who/that came to see him last Wednesday. 但在下列情况下则宜用who 而不用that。

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版

定语从句 一、基本概念: 定语: 定语从句: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词:关系词 关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当: 关系副词有:when, where, why. 在从句充当: 先行词: 定语从句中引关系词的作用: 二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1. He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week (二)关系副词的用法: 1. I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born

(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点: 1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构: when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如: I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2.当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2.非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

定语从句用法讲解

高中定语从句详解与练习 (一)定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想 去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我 们的班长。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4.That 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。

英语定语从句用法总结

英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法:1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如: He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如: The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如: It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注:why时常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或 宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只

高中定语从句详细讲解精编版

高中定语从句详细讲解 精编版 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

高中定语从句详细讲解 (一)定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 (二)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

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