燃气锅炉的发展与经济性比较 中英文翻译

燃气锅炉的发展与经济性比较

中英文翻译

Gas boiler comparison with the development of the economy in both Chinese and English translation

摘要：本文对三种炉型的比较，得出优选燃气锅炉的结论。

Pick to: in this paper, the comparison of three kinds of furnace type, come to the conclusion that optimizing gas boiler.

1 前言

1 introduction

随着社会经济的发展和环保要求的提高，海口市作为海南生态旅游省的省会城市，在能源结构上发生了巨大的变化。建省以前，海口市绝大部分工业企业及居民用户使用煤炭作燃料，有的甚至用木柴作燃料（海南大学学生食堂亘到1998年7月才放弃木柴）。建省后，海南经济迅速发展，民用燃料渐渐被液化石油气或天然气替代，现气化率达95％以上。而工业用燃料除几家大型企业外，亦逐渐被柴油或重油替代。但是2000年以后，三亚崖-l3天然气，东方八所-l天然气和澄迈福山天然气田的开发以及大量的进日液化石油气供应，使海南省的气源不断增加；如何有效利用省内气源，调节冬夏季高低的用气矛盾，减少大气污染，真正把海南建设成为生态省，就应扩大工业用气量。在海南多数工业用户和酒店等公福用户均使用蒸汽锅炉。而燃煤锅炉，对大气的污染和对能源的浪费是惊人的，但它作为一种机械设备在国民经济发展中却又是必不可少的。据海南省技术监督局锅炉处不完全统计，海日市有180余台燃油、燃煤锅炉，要提高海日市大气质量，唯一方法是用燃气锅炉代替燃煤，燃油锅炉，下面对燃气锅炉的发展及经济性进行分析。

With the development of social economy and improvement of environmental protection requirements, as the capital city of ecological tourism in hainan province haikou city, great changes have taken place in the energy structure. Province, for the most part of haikou industrial

enterprises and residential users use coal as fuel, some even using wood as fuel (hainan university student canteen animation until July 1998 to give up the wood). Province, hainan rapid economic development, civil gradually replaced by liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas, fuel vaporization rate above 95%. And industrial fuel, in addition to several large enterprise, is gradually replaced by diesel oil or heavy fuel oil. But 2000 years later, cliff - sanya l3 gas, natural gas and ChengMai fushan east eight - l gas field development and a large supply of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) into the day, make growing source of hainan province; How to effectively use air supply in the province, adjust the height of gas during summer and winter seasons, reduce air pollution, real to build hainan into a ecological province, should expand the industrial gas use. In hainan in the majority of industrial users and hotel public f users are using steam boiler, etc. And coal-fired boiler, atmospheric pollution and waste of energy is amazing, but it serves as a kind of mechanical equipment in the national economic development but is also essential. According to incomplete statistics, the technical supervision bureau of hainan province boiler, sea city has more than 180 sets fuel, coal-fired boiler, to improve the quality of sea, air, the only way is to replace coal with gas fired boiler, oil boiler, in the face of the gas boiler and the development of economy is analyzed.

2 锅炉选型的原则

2 the boiler type selection principle

在城区规划，锅炉改造，环境治理等工作中对锅炉台理选型是降低污染，节约能源，合理开支的重要环节。选用锅炉主要应考虑以下原则。

Transformation in urban planning, boiler, environmental governance and so on work principle of boiler in the type selection is to reduce pollution, save energy, an important part of the reasonable expenses. Selects the boiler main should consider the following principles.

2.1 用户实际对热能的需求量

2.1 user actual demand for heat

用户使用锅炉不外乎用蒸汽或热水去制冷、采暖、消毒、洗涤或工艺上加热其他物质，这首先要知道需用多少热水（蒸汽）才能满足需要。一般情况下对工艺需用的蒸汽量，设计院在设计时通过工艺的计算有一个明确的量的要求。对热能的需求量确定之后，选用锅炉时，可按其标准的蒸发量选取。进行选择同时要考虑所选锅炉的适应性，因为燃气燃烧器由于气源不同，其热值、压力均不相同。

Users with steam or hot water boiler is nothing more than to refrigeration, heating, disinfection, washing or process heating on other materials, the first to know need how much hot water (steam) to meet the need. Normally steam for process need, design institute through the process of calculation in the design of have a definite volume requirements. After the determination of heat demand, when choosing boiler, can be according to the standard selection of evaporation. Choose want to consider the adaptability of the selected boiler at the same time, because the gas burner because air is different, the calorific value and pressure are not the same.

2.2 海口环保对锅炉排放的要求

2.2 environmental haikou for boiler emissions requirements

为有效地保护环境，要防止边治理污染边制造污染。锅炉烟气是主要的大气污染源之一，因此我国环境保护局和国家技术监督局于1992年5月发布了《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271-91），该标准对原始含尘浓度，锅炉烟尘允许排放浓度及SOX，NOX最高允许排放浓度，分别根据一、二、三类地区对环境保护的不同要求做了详细明确的说明和规定。To effectively protect the environment, preventing pollution and polluting. Boiler flue gas is the main source of atmospheric pollution, therefore our country environmental protection bureau and the state bureau of technical supervision issued in May 1992 by the boiler air pollutant emission standard "(GB13271-91), the standard of the original dust concentration, boiler smoke allowed emission concentration and SOX, NOX maximum allowable emission concentration, respectively, according to one, two, three areas for the different requirements of environmental protection has made the detailed clear instructions and regulations.

燃油锅炉虽然在烟尘排放大大低于燃煤锅炉，但燃油锅炉SOX和NOX排放量却远远高于

燃气锅炉。人们在比较燃煤和燃油锅炉时往往忽略了燃油锅炉的SOX和NOX，等到酸雨成灾再考虑脱硫时已晚矣。

Fuel oil boiler in carbon is much lower than coal-fired boiler, fuel boiler SOX and NOX emissions far higher than that of gas boiler. People tend to ignore when more coal and oil burning boiler in the boiler of SOX and NOX, and wait for acid rain by considering desulfurization has been late again.

所以客观地说，燃气锅炉无论是从环保角度还是从能源利用角度来说都是较为理想的，这主要是由于气体燃料比固体、液体燃料更易充分燃烧，燃烧热效率更高。

So objectively speaking, gas boiler, whether from the perspective of environmental protection or energy perspective is more ideal, this is mainly due to the gas fuel more fully than solid, liquid fuel combustion, combustion thermal efficiency is higher.

2.3 锅炉的设置费用

2.3 setup fee of the boiler

用户在设置锅炉房时必须考虑锅炉房锅炉设置的经济性，从而使所选用的锅炉既满足上述要求又节省投资费用，主要从以下几个方面考虑：

Users must consider when setting up boiler room boiler room set of boiler efficiency, so that the selected boiler both satisfy the above requirement and save the investment cost, mainly from the following several aspects to consider:

①锅炉设备费用（机组）；

(1) boiler equipment costs (unit);

②为满足锅炉正常运行的配套辅机费用；

(2) to meet the normal operation of boiler supporting auxiliary expenses;

③为放置上述设备的土地征用费；

(3) land ZhengYongFei for placing the above device;

④锅炉房土建投资费用及其他相关费用。

(4) boiler room construction investment costs and other related costs.

燃煤、油、气三种锅炉在热负荷相同的情况下，燃煤锅炉体积庞大，外加分散式的鼓、引风机、出渣机、除尘器等，还要有储煤厂、堆渣厂，占地面积着实惊人。相对而言燃气锅炉本身体积小，又无需引风机、出渣机、除尘器等辅机设施，连煤场、油罐都没有了，只有一个机具间和主机房，在设置上较为简单，占地最经济。但燃油、燃气锅炉到底在经济上与燃煤锅炉相比要相差多少？我们能否承受，其社会效益又如何？下面我们就以上海某锅炉厂4t/h 锅炉中燃煤、燃油和燃气锅炉为例，从锅炉投资、锅炉房设置等几个方面进行分析比较。从图1、表2清晰可见，燃煤锅炉不仅在烟尘，废气排放上不受大都市的欢迎，其占地面积亦是相当惊人，在海日这样的城市，土地的价值同样是一笔可观的投资。燃油锅炉和燃气锅炉在锅炉房的设置费用上燃气锅炉还相对便宜一点。

Coal, oil and gas in three boilers under the same heat load, large coal-fired boiler, plus a decentralized, drum induced draft fan, slag machine, dust collector and so on, have a coal, slag plant, storage area are striking. Gas boiler is relatively small, and no induced draft fan, slag machine, dust collector and other auxiliary facilities, even without the coal, oil tank, there is only one machine and ZhuJiFang between, on the set up is simple, cover an area of the economy. But fuel and gas boiler is economically compared with coal-fired boiler to differ? Whether we can afford, its social benefits and how? Here we have a 4 t/h boiler plant in Shanghai in coal-fired boiler, fuel and gas boiler as an example, from the boiler, the boiler room Settings, and so on several aspects carries on the analysis comparison. From figure 1, table 2 clearly visible, coal-fired boiler smoke, not only in the emissions are not popular with the city, the area also is quite amazing, cities such as at sea, the value of the land is also a considerable investment. Oil burning boiler and gas boiler in the boiler room set gas boiler is relatively cheaper cost.

2.4 锅炉的运行费用

2.4 the boiler operating cost

设置费用是一次性的投资，运行费用则是长时期的消耗。因此在锅炉房筹建、更新、改造中，对运行成本的分析和控制是至关重要的。锅炉的运行费用由三方面构成：（1）锅炉机组的耗电量；（2）燃料消耗量、燃料及废弃物的处理费用；（3）锅炉管理人员，司炉人员的工资费用、日常维修管理费用。

Setup fee is a one-time investment and operating cost is consumed over a long period of time. So in the boiler room, update, change, the preparation and analysis of the running cost and control is of vital importance. Boiler operation cost consists of three aspects: (1) boiler unit power consumption; (2) consumption of fuel, fuel and waste disposal costs; (3) the boiler management, stoker personnel salary cost, daily maintenance and management cost.

比较结果如表3和图2所示。

Compare the results as shown in table 3 and figure 2.

3 结论

3 conclusion

（1）从我国传统的经济角度和能源结构来看，燃煤锅炉由于一次性投资费用较低颇受人们青睬，特别是在煤资源丰富，环保要求不高的区域人们更喜欢选择它。但是在海日煤资源贫乏，煤价并不是很低，故油、气与煤相比有一定竞争能力。人们喜欢煤炉的另一个原因是操作简单。但燃煤锅炉的污染：废渣、废气、废水"三废"俱全，治理亦较困难（特别是脱硫，目前燃煤锅炉的脱硫技术已取得一定成果，但投资费用高，操作过程繁，占地面积大），从社会效益看燃煤锅炉应限制使用。

(1) from the perspective of our country traditional economic and energy structure, coal boiler due to the low one-time investment costs are people ignore, especially rich in coal resources, environmental requirements is not high areas of the people prefer to choose it. But in the sea, resources of coal, coal prices are not very low, so it has certain competitive power compared to oil, gas and coal. People like to have another cause of the coal stove is easy to operation. But the pollution of coal-fired boiler, waste residue, waste gas, waste water, "three wastes", management is also more difficult (especially desulfurization, at present, the coal-fired boiler desulfurization technology has made some achievements, but the high cost of investment, operation complexity, covers an area of large), from the social benefits coal-fired boiler use should be limited.