【金版新学案】2015届高考英语大一轮复习讲义 语法专项 提升名词
名词
名词词义辨析
1．(2013·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with________.
A．curiosity B．satisfaction
C．envy D．patience
解析：句意为：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。本题考查名词辨析。
A.好奇，好奇心；
B.满意，满足；
C.嫉妒，羡慕；
D.耐心，忍耐力。根据语境选D项。
答案： D
2．(2013·天津卷)While she was in Paris，she developed a________for fine art.
A．way B．relation
C．taste D．habi t
解析：句意为：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。本题考查名词辨析。A.方式，方法；B.关系；D.习惯。taste作名词时，意为“爱好，嗜好”。
答案： C
3．(2013·浙江卷)As the world’s population continues to grow，the________of food becomes more and more of a concern
A．worth B．supply
C．package D．list
解析：句意为：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物的供应越来越成为一个关注的焦点。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.价值；B.供应；C.包；D.清单。
答案： B
名词的短语搭配
4．(2013·辽宁卷)The accident caused some________to my car，but it’s nothing serious.
A．harm B．injury
C．ruin D．damage
解析：句意为：这场事故给我的车造成了一定的损坏，但问题不严重。考查名词。根据短语搭配cause some damage to...对……造成一定的损坏，选D项。harm伤害，损害，常用于do harm to短语中；injury伤害，常用于对人身体的伤害；ruin毁灭，破产。
答案： D
5．(2013·江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures，American food
culture can take a________for the better.
A．share B．chance
C．turn D．lead
解析：句意为：在其他饮食文化的启发下，美国的饮食文化可能会向更好的方向转变。本题考查名词辨析。take a turn for the better是习惯用语，意为“好转，变好”。
答案： C
6．(2012·天津卷)You are working too hard.You’d better keep a________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead
C．balance D．diary
解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：你工作太劳累了。你最好使工作与休闲保持平衡。keep a balance保持平衡；keep a promise遵守诺言；keep a diary记日记。
答案： C
抽象名词具体化
7．(2012·山东卷)Being able to afford________drink would be________comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the B．a；a
C．a；/ D．/；a
解析：句意为：在那些艰苦的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人安慰的事。本题考生很容易误选C项，认为comfort“安慰”是不可数名词，其实此处为抽象名词的具体化，a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的一个人或一件事”；a drink意为“一杯饮料”，故 B项正确。
答案： B
1．在作名词词义辨析题时一定要结合语境体会其意义，做到词不离句。
2．名词短语搭配类题目中要注意名词在形式和意义上的变化。如：短语make room for 中room前面没有冠词，且room在这个短语中的意义为“空间”而不是“房间”。
3．判断名词在具体的语境中是表示抽象意义，还是表示具体的人或事，是解决抽象名词具体化的关键所在。
一、近几年考查的名词词义辨析的主要形式
1．形似词的词义辨析
(1)symptom 症状
s imilarity 类似，相似
sample 样本，标本
shadow 影子
(2012·湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.定期去医院检查眼睛，看有没有出现没有任何症状的那些眼病，是重要的。
(2)pattern 模式，模板
procedure 程序，手续，步骤
program 节目
perspective 态度，观点
(2012·湖北高考)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa.
官员坚持说，Michael在申请签证的时候没有遵循正确的程序。
2．相似词缀的名词辨析
expression 表达，表示，表情
attention 注意，留心
satisfaction 满意，满足
impression 印象
(2012·山东高考)My fi rst impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且体贴的年轻人。
3．意义相近词的辨析
(1)strength 长处
talent 才华，天赋
ability 能力
skill 技能
(2012·福建高考)Well，you know，English is my strength.So it is my best choice.
唉，你是知道的，英语是我的强项，所以这是我最好的选择。
(2)anger 生气，愤怒
rudeness 粗鲁
regret 遗憾，后悔
panic 恐慌，惊恐
(2011·湖北高考)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with panic clearly in her voice.
“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。
4．无一定关联性的名词词义辨析
operation 操作，手术
growth 增长
performance 表现，表演
character 性格，特色，角色，人物
(2012·浙江高考)Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
作为学生，如果你养成这样的习惯——对自己的学习方法进行反思，你的表现将会非常出色。
二、名词的固定搭配
1．动词have，take，make，pay，play，put，give等加名词构成的短语
have a good reputation 有个好名声
have an idea of 了解
have a sense of 有……意识
have a feeling of 有……感觉
have access to 可以获得
take advantage of 利用，趁……之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄
make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理
get relief 得到缓解
give solution 给出解决方案
(2010·江苏高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation.这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。
The system has been designed to give students quick and eas y access to the digital resources of the library.
设计这个系统的目的是让学生能够迅速、便捷地使用图书馆的数字资源。
2．介词后加名词构成的短语
in great demand 需求量很大
in quantity 大量，大批
in progress 在进行中
in production 在产量方面
out of one’s reach手不能及
out of touch 与……无联系
out of sight 看不见
beyond recognition 辨认不出来
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The Harry Potter books are quite popular，they are in great demand in this city.
《哈利·波特》系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。
(2011·四川卷)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s reach.
记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。
三、抽象名词具体化
1. 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有
单词抽象名词具体化名词意义
success 成功成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事
attractio
n 吸引
有吸引力的人或事物
beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger危险危险的人或因素
delight 高兴令人高兴的事
failure 失败失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲令人骄傲的事情
①Shanghai is a most beautiful city and we are excited that Expo 2010 Shanghai China has been a great success.上海是一个非常美丽的城市，我们非常高兴上海世博会是一个成功的盛事。
②(2012·福建高考)It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。
③—What do you think of the manager of your company?
—Oh，he is a manager who’s pleasant to work with.It’s a pleasure to work with him.
——你认为你公司的经理怎么样？
——噢，他是一位与其共事非常令人高兴的经理，与他共事是一件愉快的事情。
2．有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词
物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词
drink 饮料
two drinks
两杯饮料
sugar 糖
a sugar
一块糖
coffee 咖啡
a coffee
一杯咖啡
paper 纸
a paper
一张报纸；
一篇论文
tea 茶
two teas
两杯茶
hair 头发
a hair
一根头发
phone.
—You should never put drinks near a phone.
——我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了手机上。
——你从来都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。
1．(2014·辽宁大连双基测试) Mo Yan，a most widely-read writer，takes a complete new________to describing China’s rural and folk culture.
A．way B．approach
C．passage D．entry
解析：句意为：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民俗文化。an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“……的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”，不合本句要求；entry意为“进入，进入权，入口处”，不合本句要求。
答案： B
2．(2013·福建毕业班质检)—What does PM 2.5 mean?
—It’s a professional ________indicating the condition of air pollution.
A．term B．item
C．number D．mark
解析：句意为：——PM 2.5是什么意思？——它是一个表示空气污染状况的专业术语。A.术语；B.项目；C.数字；D.记号。
答案： A
3．(2014·福建名校质量检查)I hope the government will take more
strict________against the smog that affected several big cities last winter.
A．attitudes B．measures
C．schedules D．procedures
解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：我希望政府能针对去年冬天影响了几个大城市的烟雾采取更严厉的措施。measure措施，符合句意。
答案： B
4．(2014·山东省胶东示范学校模拟)The boy promised to his teacher，“As to the lessons to be missed during my________，I’ll try to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.”
A．study B．absence
C．attendance D．appearance
解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：这个男孩向老师保证：“请假期间落下的课，回来之后我会尽快补上。”absence缺席，不在，符合句意。study学习；attendance出席，到场；appearance公开露面。
答案： B
5．(2013·江西南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考)—I always feel like I’m out of________.
—I’m not surprised.You’d better try to lose some weight.
A．breath B．sight
C．reach D．practice
解析：考查名词辨析。根据答语语意“我一点儿也不奇怪。你应该试着减肥。”可知，应选A项。out of breath上气不接下气，符合语境。
答案： A
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错
2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 答案：The instructor kept repeating the word words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” 2．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 答案：It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on of the road. 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 答案：When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies. 4．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 答案：My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest honesty. 5．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 答案：If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges knowledge we cannot get from books. 6．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 答案：The teenage year years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 7．(2016·高考四川卷)，but she has to do most of the houseworks. 答案：，but she has to do most of the houseworks housework. 8．(2016·高考浙江卷)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：When I was a very young children child，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 9．(2016·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 答案：Now I am leaving home to for college. 10．My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案：My soccer coach retired last week.
2017高三英语40篇语法填空题(高考新题型)
40篇英语短文语法填空题 1. Fall in Love with English 1 (hide) behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk 2 there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this 3 h e was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through 4 any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and 5 (dislike) joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up 6 over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly 7 he was suffering from, but entirely 8 (agree) with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle 9 problem, she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to 10 (study) English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words.Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English. 2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes V oyages of people from England play an important part in spreading 1 English language. At present, English is frequently spoken 2 an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All 3 (base) on British English, the English spoken in these countries can 4 (understand) well by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes 5 （change）gradually in accents, spellings, expressions and the 6 (use) of vocabulary. Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell 7 country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands 8 driver, ―Come up straight to my apartment by elevator 9 take some gas for my trucks and cabs‖, instead of requesting, ―Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis‖, you can recognize his American identity, 10 the latter suggests that he is British. 3. A Hard Trip My sister was fond of traveling. Ever since graduating, she 1 (determine) to organize a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to use a bicycle to cycle there not 2 (care) about the disadvantages. 3 stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Once she made up her mind to do something, no one could persuade her to change her mind. Finally, we gave in 4 usual though we preferred to take a train. 5 we prepared everything, including the schedule, 6 (rely) weather forecast and the insurance, we began our trip. Our journey was along a river 7 (flow) from a high altitude. Our pace was slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends through deep valleys, 8 the water seemed to boil. Just as I recorded in my journal, it was really 9 hard
高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
名词 高考英语语法重点归纳
一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical
knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词，不能加-s ，如： machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思，如： chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域，room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词，如： glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义，如： people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人） 7. 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义，如： belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数，如：audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词，如： fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan （元）, mu（亩）等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
高考英语语法专题名词.doc
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