CET4--Writing Lecture 2
CET-4_writing英语四级作文写作指导
Lisa Sep, 2012
1
Introduction
2
词汇和语法
3
四级考试流程
• 9：00 • 9：10 • 9：35 • 9：40 • 9：55 • 10：00 • 10：35
• 11:00 • 11：15 • 11：20
发答题卡I（写作和快速阅读） 作文考试开始 发试题册 快速阅读 收答题卡I，准备听力考试 听力考试 仔细阅读 完型填空 翻译 考试结束 收答题卡II和试题册
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三、写作安排
• II. 句 • 句式多样、长短句结合、适当引用名句 • （1）基本句型： • SVC: The exam proves very difficult. • SV: Everybody laughed. • SVO: I want a book. • SVOO: Mary lent me her dictionary. • SVOC: We made him our spokesman.
• 2. 按照写作顺序安排写作： • I. 词： • （1）要求：准确、达意 • （2）着重介绍：连接词 • a. 时间：afterwards; shortly; soon; in the meantime;
meanwhile; currently; finally; eventually; ultimately
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三、写作安排
• b. 列举：first; second; third; to start/begin with; then/next/more important; last/finally; for one thing...for another ...
• c. 强调：indeed; did/do/does; certainly; merely/only/simply; it is...that...
CET-4writing
3
Practices
________： “如何创造和谐的宿舍生活”________： 如何创造和谐的宿舍生活”1.2.3.4 1)改变生活习惯； 1)改变生活习惯； 改变生活习惯 2)培养相互包容的能力； 2)培养相互包容的能力； 培养相互包容的能力 3)应和睦相处、 3)应和睦相处、相互理解 应和睦相处 4)共同营造良好的学习、 4)共同营造良好的学习、生活环境 共同营造良好的学习
CET作文写作步骤 作文写作步骤 文章构思 5 min. 安排布局 2 min. 开始写作 23 min.
文章的构思
key 思考文章结构并记录 每个段落中该写的 keywords！ ！
文章的topic sentence 文章的
key
最快捷的每段的topic 最快捷的每段的topic sentence就是直接翻译 sentence就是直接翻译 题目要求的1,2,3点. 题目要求的1,2,3点 1,2,3
3.限制使用的意义 限制使用的意义 Nowadays, the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags: they are not free any more. In some shopping places, in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection, plastic bags are offered in a much higher price. As a result, people are changing their behavior: paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life. It is true that by limiting its usage, everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.
CET-4 writing&listening
• 4.一些常用表达的区别
• with prep. 后接动名词结构 • With the rapid development of society and economy…
• as 连词,后接句子 • As social development is getting more and more fast…
• 人类的表达法 • human 可数名词（也可作形容词 “ 人性的,有同 情心的”），复数是humans不是humen • Wolves will not usually attack humans. 狼通常不会袭击人。 • If they had any respect for human life they wouldn't do such terrible things. • 他们如果还顾及人的生命就不会做出这样可怕的 事来。
• • • • • • • • • •
speculate about 对…进行思考和猜测 attribute to 把...归功于 credible 可信的,可接受的 flawed 有缺陷的 trace 追踪 radioactive 放射性的 primitive 原始的 invisible 隐形的,不可见的 cultivated 耕耘的, 有教养的, 栽植的 exaggerate夸张,夸大
• since 表示原因时放在句首，侧重于表示 “既然如此，鉴于”,暗示着是稍加分析之 后才能推断出来的原因,也表示对方已知的 事实或原因. • Since you can't answer the question, perhaps we'd better ask someone else. • 既然你无法回答这个问题，我们最好再问 问别人. • on account of因为；由于 • We got married on account of the baby.由 于孩子的问题我们结婚了。
CET 4-Writng
第一部分写作基本知识总括、归纳类generally speaking in general to some extentin short at last in summery practically speaking obviously in my opinionin brief sum up finallygenerally undoubtedly in my viewin a word to conclude thereforeas a general rule in a way as for meon the whole in conclusion比较、对比类likewise otherwise in the same wayon the contrary both…and rather than similarly whereas in contraston the one hand the same as insteadlike unlike howeveron the other hand in common butequally important in sharp contrast nevertheless举例、列举类for example as an illustration thusfirst, second, third to begin with besidesfor instance such as that isfinally what is more moreoveras an example namely for one thing/another in the first/second place next in additionas a case in point like first of allalso原因、结果类because/because of on account of for this reasonthus therefore asdue to as a result of consequentlyso as a result forsince for the reason on that account hence让步类although even though admittedlyit is tru e…but but after all nevertheless granted that clearlyin spite of yet of coursehowever though still强调类anyway especially even worse particularly above all no doubtcertainly indeed needless to sayto be sure surely more often than not chiefly in fact of course actually most important of allA proverb says…俗话说…As the proverb says…正如俗话所说…Generally speaking, …一般说来…More people often ask this question, “…”很多人经常问这样的问题“…”It is often said that, …常言道…It is clear that, … because…显然，…因为…The demand for…对…要求As we all know…众所周知…It has been found that…业已发现…Now that…既然…From…viewpoint, …从…观点，…It is easy to see that…显然…Over the last…months在过去几个月While…虽然；当…It is said that…据说…In accordance with…regarding…按照与…有关的…For the purpose of…为了…Over the years 长期以来Probably, …也许…Along with the development in…,people arise increasing concerns to…随着…发展，人们对…越来越关心The pie graph shows…饼形统计表显示…A recent survey provides…最近的调查提供了…It is quite clear that…很显然…As a way of introducing…, it seemed that…从介绍…，看来…In spite of…尽管…It is well-known…众所周知…Of the …types of…在这一类…之中…Various views exist as to…对…存在多种观点The chart shows…本表显示…It goes without saying 无疑，…发展段的开头常用语：It can be easily proved that…我们很容易证实…It is true that…的确…No one can deny that…没有人可以否认…We must recognize that…我们必须认识到…Therefore we should realize that…因此，我们应该意识到…What is more serious is that…更重要的是…There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…But it is a pity that…但很遗憾…But the problem is not so simple…但问题并非如此简单…Other may find this to be true, but 有人或许认为这是对的，但I do not. I believe that…我并不以为然，我认为…There is a certain amount truth in this, but 这有一定道理，但我们we still have a problem with regard to…考虑到…仍有问题Yet difference will be found, 但是，区别总是有的，那就是that’s why I feel that…为什么我觉得…At this stage…眼下；暂时In practice…实际上…At least…至少…Meanwhile…在…同时…In any case…无论…Therefore,…因此；所以…How ever,…然而；可是…In terms of…is…就…而论…Of course,…当然…In essence,…本质上…In principle,…大体上…Recent development in…means…近来在…进展表明…Typically,…通常…In general,…通常…Ideally,…在理论上…Not only a re(is)…they are also…不仅…而且…Thus,…因此…At the same time,…同时…A brief glance at…reveals that…一看就知道…So,…因此…Another key aspect of…is…另一个关键问题在于…In fact,…事实上…In contrast to…与…相反；对比…In most applica tions, however, (we)…然而，在多数情况下…In the past…years,…在过去几年…As stated above,…如上所述…Usually,…通常…In order to…为了…First…Second…Third…Fourth…首先…其次…再则…But again…再则…Probably…也许…Clearly…显然…It is estimated that…据估计…On the basis of the above…综上所述…It is obvious that…显然…Obviously…很明显…On the other hand,…另一方面，…In addition to…除…以外It is possible that…有可能…Essentially…基本上…Currently…近来；目前…Perhaps…也许…Hopefully…期望…This brings to the key question about…这就引出一个关键的问题As far as…are(is) concerned就…而论To be certain,…当然，…Another factor was…另一因素为…With respect to…就…来说；关于…Realizing that…认识到…In…opinion以…看来To help solve this,…为了有助于解决这一问题，…For example,…例如，…Mostly,…通常；基本上…Basically,…基本上，…As mentioned above 上面已提过Furthermore,…再则，…Here is our prime concern: 我们主要所关心的是…It has been mentioned that…如上所述，…We believe…我们认为…We realized that…我们认识到…Uppermost in all of our minds was…我们最为关心的是…As regards the acceptance of…关于接受…It is our impression that…有这样的印象…For the most part,…大部分说来，…Moreover,…此外，…A second concern is that…其次为…It is, therefore, imperative to use…因此，有必要使用…We continue to function on the assumption that…我们的进一步设想为…Gradually…渐次；逐渐地…Despite these limitations,…尽管有这些限制，…Similarl y,…同样，…结尾段的开头常用语：Consequently,…因此，…All in all,…总之，…As a final comment,…总而言之，…Finally,…最后，…A conclusion from…is that…结论为…Hence…因此…As mentioned above, the onlypossibility to…would be…综上所述，唯一的可能性为…In summary,…总之，…On this background, it was concluded that…以此，可以得出结论…What is essential, however, is…to be…然而，最根本的是…In a word,…总之，…The result is dependent on…其结果是…Thus, this is the reason why we must…因此，这就是我们要…的理由To sum up,…总之，…In brief,…总之，…At last,…最后，…At length,…最后，…In conclusion,…最后，…From this point of view,…从这一观点看来…On account of this we can find that…以此，我们可看到…To summarize,…总而言之，…As a result,…结果，…In short,…简言之，…。
大学英语四六级题型简介和要求
• 较高要求 • 更高要求
考试规模
• 四、六级考试
– 全国所有非英语专业的大学生。 – 全国各省、市、自治区、直辖市，包括西藏、 澳门。
• 四、六级口语考试
– 全国共有 36 省会城市组织四、六级口语考试。 – 全国共设有 51 个四、六级口语考试考点。
CET四、六级口语考试能力等级描述
等级
A B C D
– 说： 陈述，日常会话，就熟悉题材进行口头交际，语音语调基本清 楚、正确。 – 读： 主旨大意、重要信息，速度：70 wpm。 – 写： 30分钟内写120词，内容相关切题，用词用语贴切，文章连惯。 – 译： 借助词典就熟悉题材英汉互译。英译中每小时300词；中译英每 小时250字 。 – 词汇：4500 词；700 词组； 2000 活用词语。
•
CET四、六级深入阅读
• 考前的几大误区 • 误区1：机械背诵大量词汇 • 很多考生将四级阅读考试失利的原因归结为词汇量 不够，因此耗费了大量时间和精力机械地背诵英文 词汇。其实，四级考试和国外的雅思、托福考试相 比，最大的区别就在于，四级考试有明确的考纲， 有规定的词汇考查范围。四级复习过程中，考生完 全不需要毫无目的地记忆大量词汇，只需要将考试 委员会限定的四级词汇研究透彻即可。
CET四、六级深入阅读
• 误区2：大量做模拟题 • 中国人习惯在考试前做一定量的模拟题以达到热身 的作用。做模拟题本身无可厚非，但是如果把复习 的重心放在做模拟题目上，则犯了“本末倒置”的 错误。任何模拟题都只能模仿四级考试的风格，真 正能够真实反映四级考试风格的试题，是每年考试 后公开的真题。考生应当把历年真题作为自己主要 的复习材料。用真题进行演练，既可达到真正检测 自身复习进度的目的，还可以了解四级考试的真正 风格，可谓是“一箭双雕”。
英语四级writing部分写作指导PPT课件
写作模板—提纲式作文
Sample 1 对立观点式
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支 持 原 因 1…They also argue that 支持原因2… However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对理由… An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子… There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the abovementioned positive effects it might bring about, X also may 好处…
Your company slogan
写作模板—辩论式议论文
Sample 3
There is no consensus (共识) of opinions among people about X…Some people are of the view that 观点1…while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观 点 2…As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据 1… Furthermore, 论据 2… Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3… A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总 结 观 点 …As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心…. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测Your . company slogan
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to aroommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.。
CET-4 English writing
Step 5: Checking
• 1> Does the essay have three paragraphs? Does each paragraph have a topic sentence, developing sentences and concluding statement? • 2> Does each paragraph have a central idea? Clear and coherent? Focus on the topic? • 3> Are the sentences correct? Spellings correct? Grammatical mistakes? • 4> Correct choices of words and expressions? Any wrong linking words (or connectives)? • 5> Punctuation mistakes? Capitalization mistakes? ( You can not use the title in capital letter in the middle of your essay) • 6> Have enough words? (120-150) • Last but not least, the essay should be clean and neat.
CET-4 English writing
lectureonCETwriting英语四级作文指导PPT课件
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年(14 hours)，请描述其变化；
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2002年12月、2003年6月作文题目
It Pays to Be Honest 1.当前社会上存在着许多不诚实的现象 2.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实
Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. 1. 表示欢迎 2. 提出对度假安排的建议 3. 提醒应注意的事项
2002年1月作文题目
2005年12月作文题目：
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3. 我认为……
2006年6月作文题目：
Volunteers needed
１．校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募自愿者 ２．本次志愿者活动的目的、内容、安排等 ３．报名条件及联系方式
作文篇
Contents
1. 关于样卷的说明 2. CET作文评分标准简介 3. CET-4 近年作文题目一览和作文命题趋势分析 4. 写作测试的常见命题形式 5. 议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文四大文体的写作策略 4. CET写作常见错误 5. 平时如何提高写作技能 6. 考试过程中要留意的细节
CET-4 Writing范文
CET-4 Writing 范文参考范文一No more private cars in ChinaPrivate cars have entered Chinese families. More and more people drive to work in their own cars. And it seems a trend that all can possess a family car in the future.But is it really good to have a car? Owning a car means spending time and money, learning to drive and repairing it. So it seems you are paying a lot for a big trouble. Besides, if every family has a car, what will the road be like? Crowded? Jammed with... Oh, my God!Family cars are intended to be convenient, but will it really bring convenience to the everyday life in a country with such a large population? Moreover, driving cars will very likely make people sit all the time without any exercises. It will do harm to the physical body. Comparatively, riding bicycles is much better and economical. So, I think, it is not appropriate for China to popularize family cars in the near future, especially in our big densely-populated cities.参考范文二People’s Plan for the Coming Golden WeekAnother golden week is approaching, and how do people plan to spend it? As we can see from the table, about 43% of people choose to stay home while only 15% will go travelling. Besides, about 26.5% of people decide to visit friends or go shopping. Meanwhile, people who will work and marry occupy about 12% and 2% respectively.Why do so many people tend to stay home instead of travelling? A few factors may account for the result. To begin with, in the golden week, overcrowded scenic spots and soaring travelling expenses often discourage tourists from going out. Furthermore, the golden week offers a good opportunity to people who have been busy working to have a rest or to transact their own business such as marrying.To make the golden week more enjoyable and interesting, we should keep a good balance in the activities in which we participate. For instance, we may make a tripalong with our friends, and then stay home to have a rest in the rest of the week and prepare for the work after the weeklong holiday.参考范文三DisastersWhen it comes to disasters, quite a lot of people believe they will come across sudden disasters in their life. To begin with, natural disasters like earthquakes, flood and draught occur now and then; in addition, diseases like SARS, cancer and tumor will attack people unexpectedly; last but not the least, car accidents, plane crashes can’t be ignored as part of disasters.Why there are so many disasters? The reasons may go as follows: on one hand, some mysteries about nature are beyond our control and understanding; on the other hand, people are careless and can’t foresee what will happen beforehand.From what has been discussed above, I may safely draw the conclusion that disasters can’t be avoided now, but with more knowledge about nature, we’ll certainly reduce the loss brought by them to the smallest degree, so the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.参考范文四A Boom in Adult EducationPresently, more and more adults spend their spare time trying to improve themselves. As we know, a lot of adults work in the daytime. After working hard all day, they rush home, gulp down their meals and hurry out to study in the night school.But why is there a boom in adult education? There are several reasons. Firstly, people know clearly that knowledge is power and that it is never too old to learn. Secondly, without knowledge, one cannot be qualified for a good position. More knowledge means more opportunities for better jobs and quicker promotion, while lack of skills and knowledge might deprive one of those. Moreover, in today's competitive society, if one wants to be a cut above the rest, he has to learn as much as possible.In a word, people go back to school for the common goal to improvethemselves, which, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole nation, As college students, we should make full use of our school time, try to master more skills and at the same time put our' knowledge into practice.参考范文五Dear Sir,I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in the MBA program in your university.My name is Li Ming, and I am an undergraduate student of Marketing in Nanjing University. During the last four years, I have been studying hard and also working hard for the Students’ Union. I am careful to keep a balance between study and extracurricular activities. I have won from the University various scholarships for my good study and my efficient Student’s Union work.I’m interested in business and wish I could further my study overseas. I choose Columbia University because it has a long history and enjoys a good reputation in this field. I believe my interests are extremely congruent with the strengths of your school, and my solid academic background will meet your general entrance requirements for graduate study.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Li Ming参考范文六A Letter of ApologyDear Mr. Wang,I am writing to apologize for my late homework. The paper which you have assigned to us last Monday was due this Friday, but to my regret, I haven’t even started it yet. I feel really sorry.I have caught a serious cold last week and the doctor asked me to stay in bed fora week. Therefore, I couldn’t go to the library to get the necessary referent ialinformation which was needed for my paper. As a result of this, I have not started writing the paper yet and could not hand it in on time.Fortunately I have finally fully recovered. I will finish the paper as soon as I can and try my best to hand in homework on time in the future.Sincerely yours,Li Ming参考范文七Selecting CoursesNowadays many college students prefer to have electives in their spare time because the courses can offer a variety of skills and abundant knowledge apart from what they learn in the daily courses.To start with, many students want to get another degree besides their own so that they can have more competence when they hunt for a job. Furthermore, as for me, I also want to obtain some necessary skills to make my college life worthwhile. What I’m concerned about is how to own more skills that may be necessary for my future. Finally, some students want to learn anything that is different from what they are learning now. The science students, for example, want to know about Shakespeare while the art students want to tell how a vehicle works. So, they can all get what they think is useful to their college life.On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of multi-demand of the employment market. There is still a long way for us to improve the elective system itself, but as a student myself, I find it rewarding and interesting.参考范文八Green OlympicsOlympic Games, as we all know, is a historic sports meeting. "Green Olympics", is one of the three themes of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. At present, people's life is being flooded with exhaust gas from automobile, blue film, waste water and so on.Owing to these, we should advocate "Green Olympics", and I am positive of this point.Two possible reasons are as follows. Firstly, environmental protection benefits people's health. In terms of increasing number of trashes around us, such as white plastic bags, one-off cups and chopsticks, it is sensible of disposing of them reasonably. So we ought to use clean technology, renewable and recyclable materials. Secondly, environmental protection is crucial to our country, and even to the world. Lots of countries attached more attention to embrace the Olympic spirits---"higher, faster, and stronger" well.In conclusion, as college students and the young generation, we should try our best to advocate "Green Olympics". The 2008 Olympic Games will be a green and unique Olympics.参考范文九Immoral Behavior in PublicTo witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line.Immoral behaviors in public initiate a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other people’s rights and feeling s, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day.The reform of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness , I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.We all expect “A World without Thieves". Everyone shares the huge responsibility of demonstrating his or her justice at the proper time. Personalresponsibility is vital to build a harmonious socialist society.参考范文十Starting Career in a Big City or Small TownWant to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when he starts his career. Some prefer to stay in the big cities after graduation. To them, big cities mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development. At the same time, higher salary is another temptation.But some other graduates want to start in small towns. Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and less competitive life. Another reason is they can be a big fish in a small pond. They can easily get the management’s attention and may win promotion earlier.As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a big city like Shanghai. A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures. I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks.。