Biochemistry BNU 08

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参考文献及对应bioworld抗体-8月2号

7.8 7.8 7.4
中科院上海药物所 Cell Research 南京大学模式动物 molecular and cellular biology 研究所河北医科大学 Journal of Hepatology
第二军医大学长海 Journal of Hepatology 医院上海交通大学南京医科大学上海瑞金医院 Biomaterials The Journal of Neuroscience Oncogene
德国Greifswald大 Free Radical Biology & Medicine 学 Journal of Controlled 复旦大学药学院 Release 中科院苏州纳米所 Nanotoxicology 南京大学模式动物 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 研究所 The Journal of Biological 台湾医学科学院 Chemistry 台湾大学南京医科大学 The Journal of Biological Chemistry The Journal of Biological Chemistry
文献题名(需要全文可以和我联系，文献题名需要全文可以和我联系，需要全文可以和我联系 fengzhanbo@)
Identification of Claudins by Western Blot and Immunofluorescence in Different Cell Lines and Tissues Acetylation Targets the M2 Isoform of Pyruvate Kinase for Degradation through Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Promotes Tumor Growth Prostaglandin E Signaling and Bacterial Infection Recruit Tumor-Promoting Macrophages to Mouse Gastric Tumors RN181 suppressed tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of the ERK/MAPK pathway p28GANK Overexpression Accelerates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasiveness and Metastasis via Phosphoinositol 3-Kinase/AKT/HypoxiaInducible Factor-1a Pathways Cholesterol sequestration by nystatin enhances the uptake and activity of endostatin in endothelium via regulating distinct endocytic pathways. D-peptide inhibitors of the p53–MDM2 interaction for targeted molecular therapy of malignant neoplasms Lithium, an anti-psychotic drug, greatly enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells PDK1 Regulates Vascular Remodeling and Promotes EpithelialMesenchymal Transition in Cardiac Development New insights into the antiﬁbrotic effects of sorafenib on hepatic stellate cells and liver ﬁbrosis p53-insensitive PUMA down-regulation is essential in the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice Endothelial cells dysfunction induced by silica nanoparticles through oxidative stress via JNK/P53 and NF-kB pathways Hippocampal Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates the Stress-Related Depressive Behaviors of Glucocorticoids by Downregulating Glucocorticoid Receptor IRX1 influences peritoneal spreading and metastasis via inhibiting BDKRB2-dependent neovascularization on gastric cancer

2017年影响因子-综合,

47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
0001-723X 0001-7272 0001-7701 0001-7868 0001-8244 0001-8678 0001-8686 0001-8708 0001-8732 0001-9054 0001-9240 0001-9704 0002-0443 0002-0729 0002-1121 0002-1482 0002-1857 0002-1962 0002-5100 0002-5232 0002-5240 0002-5852 0002-6980 0002-7014 0002-7685 0002-7812 0002-7820 0002-7863 0002-8177 0002-8320 0002-838X 0002-8444 0002-8487 0002-8614 0002-8703 0002-8711 0002-9092 0002-9122 0002-9149 0002-9165 0002-9173 0002-9254 0002-9262 0002-9270 0002-9297 0002-9327 0002-9343 0002-936X
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
ISSN 0001-0782 0001-1452 0001-1541 0001-2092 0001-2491 0001-2815 0001-2998 0001-3765 0001-4338 0001-4346 0001-4370 0001-4842 0001-4966 0001-5113 0001-5172 0001-5237 0001-527X 0001-5296 0001-5342 0001-5385 0001-5415 0001-5458 0001-5555 0001-5644 0001-5652 0001-5709 0001-5733 0001-5792 0001-5903 0001-5962 0001-5970 0001-6268 0001-6314 0001-6322 0001-6349 0001-6357 0001-6454 0001-6462 0001-6489 0001-6497 0001-6837 0001-690X 0001-6977 0001-7051 0001-70IROL 医学病毒学 ACTA VIROLOGICA ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM ACTA ZOOLOGICA 生物动物学 GEN RELAT GRAVIT 物理天文与天体物理 GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION AKTUEL UROL 医学泌尿学与肾脏学 AKTUELLE UROLOGIE BEHAV GENET 生物行为科学 BEHAVIOR GENETICS ADV APPL PROBAB 数学统计学与概率论 ADVANCES IN APPLIED PROBABILITY ADV COLLOID INTERFAC ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE 化学物理化学 SCIENCE ADV MATH 数学数学 ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS ADV PHYS 物理物理：凝聚态物理 ADVANCES IN PHYSICS AEQUATIONES MATH MATHEMATICS APPLIED Aequationes Mathematicae MATHEMATICS, AERONAUT J 工程技术工程：宇航 AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL AFINIDAD 化学化学综合 AFINIDAD J NURS ADMIN 医学护理 JOURNAL OF NURSING ADMINISTRATION AGE AGEING 医学老年医学 AGE AND AGEING GER J AGR ECON AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY German Journal of Agricultural Economics AGR HIST 农林科学科学史与科学哲学 AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGROCHIMICA 农林科学土壤科学 AGROCHIMICA AGRON J 农林科学农艺学 AGRONOMY JOURNAL ALDRICHIM ACTA 化学有机化学 ALDRICHIMICA ACTA ALGEBR LOG+ 数学数学 Algebra and Logic ALGEBR UNIV 数学数学 ALGEBRA UNIVERSALIS ALLG FORST JAGDZTG ALLGEMEINE FORST UND JAGDZEITUNG 农林科学林学 AMBIX HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Ambix AMEGHINIANA 地学古生物学 AMEGHINIANA AM BIOL TEACH EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLI AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER BIOLOGY AM CERAM SOC BULL 工程技术材料科学：硅酸盐 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN J AM CERAM SOC 工程技术材料科学：硅酸盐 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY J AM CHEM SOC 化学 SOCIETY 化学综合 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL J AM DENT ASSOC 医学牙科与口腔外科 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION T AM ENTOMOL SOC 生物昆虫学 SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL AM FAM PHYSICIAN 医学：内科 AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 医学 AM FERN J 生物植物科学 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL T AM FISH SOC 农林科学渔业 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY J AM GERIATR SOC 医学老年医学 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY AM HEART J 医学心血管系统 AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL J AM HELICOPTER SOC JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER 工程技术 SOCIETY 工程：宇航 AM J AGR ECON 管理科学农业经济与政策 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AM J BOT 植物科学 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 生物 AM J CARDIOL 医学心血管系统 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY AM J CLIN NUTR 医学营养学 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION AM J CLIN PATHOL 医学病理学 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AM J ENOL VITICULT AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY农林科学生物工程与应用微生物 AND VITICULTURE AM J EPIDEMIOL 医学公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AM J GASTROENTEROL AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 医学胃肠肝病学 AM J HUM GENET 生物遗传学 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS AM J MATH 数学数学 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AM J MED 医学医学：内科 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AM J NURS 护理 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING医学

高等学院教师资格任教学科目录一览表

A/B/C三类指的是任教学科层次，A是研究生课程，B是本科课程，C是高职高专。

因为教师资格证统称做高校教师资格证且资格证上没有代码，所以选哪个都不影响。

但规范起见，还是 A 类别一A01 哲学A0101 哲学A010101 马克思主义哲学A010102 中国哲学A010103 外国哲学A010104 逻辑学A010105 伦理学A010106 美学A010107 宗教学A010108 科学技术哲学A02 经济学A0201 理论经济学A020101 政治经济学A020102 经济思想史A020103 经济史A020104 西方经济学A020105 世界经济A020106 人口、资源与环境经济学A0202 应用经济学A020201 国民经济学A020202 区域经济学A020203 财政学A020204 金融学A020205 产业经济学A020206 国际贸易学A020207 劳动经济学A020208 统计学A020209 数量经济学A020210 国防经济A03 法学A0301 法学A030101 法学理论A030102 法律史A030103 宪法学与行政法学A030104 刑法学A030105 民商法学A030106 诉讼法学A030107 经济法学A030108 环境与资源保护法学A030109 国际法学A030110 军事法学A0302 政治学A030201 政治学理论A030202 中外政治制度A030203 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 A030204 中共党史A030205 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 A030206 国际政治A030207 国际关系A030208 外交学A0303 社会学A030301 社会学A030302 人口学A030303 人类学A030304 民俗学A0304 民族学A030401 民族学A030402 马克思主义民族理论与政策A030403 中国少数民族经济A030404 中国少数民族史A030405 中国少数民族艺术A04 教育学A0401 教育学A040101 教育学原理A040102 课程与教学论A040103 教育史A040104 比较教育学A040105 学前教育学A040106 高等教育学A040107 成人教育学A040108 职业技术教育学A040109 特殊教育学A040110 教育技术学A0402 心理学A040201 基础心理学A040202 发展与教育心理学A040203 应用心理学A0403 体育学A040301 体育人文社会学A040302 运动人体科学A040303 体育教育训练学A040304 民族传统体育学A05 文学A0501 中国语言文学A050101 文艺学A050102 语言学及应用语言学A050103 汉语言文字学A050104 中国古典文献学A050105 中国古代文学A050106 中国现当代文学A050107 中国少数民族语言文学 A050108 比较文学与世界文学A0502 外国语言文学A050201 英语语言文学A050202 俄语语言文学A050203 法语语言文学A050204 德语语言文学A050205 日语语言文学A050206 印度语言文学A050207 西班牙语语言文学A050208 阿拉伯语语言文学A050209 欧洲语言文学A050210 亚非语言文学A050211 外国语言学及应用语言学 A0503 新闻传播学A050301 新闻学A050302 传播学A0504 艺术学A050401 艺术学A050402 音乐学A050403 美术学A050404 设计艺术学A050405 戏剧戏曲学A050406 电影学A050407 广播电视艺术学A050408 舞蹈学A06 历史学A0601 历史学A060101 史学理论及史学史A060102 考古学及博物馆学A060103 历史地理学A060104 历史文献学A060105 专门史A060106 中国古代史A060107 中国近现代史A060108 世界史A07 理学A0701 数学A070101 基础数学A070102 计算数学A070103 概率论与数理统计A070104 应用数学A070105 运筹学与控制论A0702 物理学A070201 理论物理A070202 粒子物理与原子核物理 A070203 原子与分子物理A070204 等离子体物理A070205 凝聚态物理A070206 声学A070207 光学A070208 无线电物理A0703 化学A070301 无机化学A070302 分析化学A070303 有机化学A070304 物理化学A070305 高分子化学与物理A0704 天文学A070401 天体物理A070402 天体测量与天体力学A0705 地理学A070501 自然地理学A070502 人文地理学A070503 地图学与地理信息系统 A0706 大气科学A070601 气象学A070602 大气物理学与大气环境 A0707 海洋科学A070701 物理海洋学A070702 海洋化学A070703 海洋生物学A070704 海洋地质A0708 地球物理学A070801 固体地球物理学A070802 空间物理学A0709 地质学A070901 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 A070902 地球化学A070903 古生物学与地层学A070904 构造地质学A070905 第四纪地质学A0710 生物学A071001 植物学A071002 动物学A071003 生理学A071004 水生生物学A071005 微生物学A071006 神经生物学A071007 遗传学A071008 发育生物学A071009 细胞生物学A071010 生物化学与分子生物学 A071011 生物物理学A071012 生态学A0711 系统科学A071101 系统理论A071102 系统分析与集成A0712 科学技术史A08 工学A0801 力学A080101 一般力学与力学基础 A080102 固体力学A080103 流体力学A080104 工程力学A0802 机械工程A080201 机械制造及其自动化 A080202 机械电子工程A080203 机械设计及理论A080204 车辆工程A0803 光学工程A0804 仪器科学与技术A080401 精密仪器及机械A080402 测试计量技术及仪器 A0805 材料科学与工程A080501 材料物理与化学A080502 材料学A080503 材料加工工程A0806 冶金工程A080601 冶金物理化学A080602 钢铁冶金A080603 有色金属冶金A0807 动力工程及工程热物理A080701 工程热物理A080702 热能工程A080703 动力机械及工程A080704 流体机械及工程A080705 制冷及低温工程A080706 化工过程机械A0808 电气工程A080801 电机与电器A080802 电力系统及其自动化 A080803 高电压与绝缘技术A080804 电力电子与电力传动 A080805 电工理论与新技术A0809 电子科学与技术A080901 物理电子学A080902 电路与系统A080903 微电子学与固体电子学 A080904 电磁场与微波技术A0810 信息与通信工程A081001 通信与信息系统A081002 信号与信息处理A0811 控制科学与工程A081101 控制理论与控制工程A081102 检测技术与自动化装置A081103 系统工程A081104 模式识别与智能系统A081105 导航、制导与控制A0812 计算机科学与技术A081201 计算机系统结构A081202 计算机软件与理论A081203 计算机应用技术A0813 建筑学A081301 建筑历史与理论A081302 建筑设计及其理论A081303 城市规划与设计A081304 建筑技术科学A0814 土木工程A081401 岩土工程A081402 结构工程A081403 市政工程A081404 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 A081405 防灾减灾工程及防护工程A081406 桥梁与隧道工程A0815 水利工程A081501 水文学及水资源A081502 水力学及河流动力学A081503 水工结构工程A081504 水利水电工程A081505 港口、海岸及近海工程A0816 测绘科学与技术A081601 大地测量学与测量工程A081602 摄影测量与遥感A081603 地图制图学与地理信息工程A0817 化学工程与技术A081701 化学工程A081702 化学工艺A081703 生物化工A081704 应用化学A081705 工业催化A0818 地质资源与地质工程A081801 矿产普查与勘探A081802 地球探测与信息技术A081803 地质工程A0819 矿业工程A081901 采矿工程A081902 矿物加工工程A0820 石油与天然气工程A082001 油气井工程A082002 油气田开发工程A082003 油气储运工程A0821 纺织科学与工程A082101 纺织工程A082102 纺织材料与纺织品设计A082103 纺织化学与染整工程A082104 服装设计与工程A0822 轻工技术与工程A082201 制浆造纸工程A082202 制糖工程A082203 发酵工程A082204 皮革化学与工程A0823 交通运输工程A082301 道路与铁道工程A082302 交通信息工程及控制A082303 交通运输规划与管理A082304 载运工具运用工程A0824 船舶与海洋工程A082401 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 A082402 轮机工程A082403 水声工程A0825 航空宇航科学与技术A082501 飞行器设计A082502 航空宇航推进理论与工程 A082503 航空宇航制造工程A082504 人机与环境工程A0826 兵器科学与技术A082601 武器系统与运用工程A082602 兵器发射理论与技术A082603 火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 A082604 军事化学与烟火技术A0827 核科学与技术A082701 核能科学与工程A082702 核燃料循环与材料A082703 核技术及应用A082704 辐射防护及环境保护A0828 农业工程A082801 农业机械化工程A082802 农业水土工程A082803 农业生物环境与能源工程 A082804 农业电气化与自动化A0829 林业工程A082901 森林工程A082902 木材科学与技术A0830 环境科学与工程A083001 环境科学A083002 环境工程A0831 生物医学工程A0832 食品科学与工程A083201 食品科学A083202 粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 A083203 农产品加工及贮藏工程A083204 水产品加工及贮藏工程A09 农学A0901 作物学A090101 作物栽培学与耕作学A090102 作物遗传育种A0902 园艺学A090201 果树学A090202 蔬菜学A090203 茶学A0903 农业资源利用A090301 土壤学A090302 植物营养学A0904 植物保护A090401 植物病理学A090402 农业昆虫与害虫防治A090403 农药学A0905 畜牧学A090501 动物遗传育种与繁殖A090502 动物营养与饲料科学A090503 草业科学A090504 特种经济动物饲养A0906 兽医学A090601 基础兽医学A090602 预防兽医学A090603 临床兽医学A0907 林学A090701 林木遗传育种A090702 森林培育A090703 森林保护学A090704 森林经理学A090705 野生动植物保护与利用A090706 园林植物与观赏园艺A090707 水土保持与荒漠化防治A0908 水产A090801 水产养殖A090802 捕捞学A090803 渔业资源A10 医学A1001 基础医学A100101 人体解剖与组织胚胎学 A100102 免疫学A100103 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土建类B080701 建筑学B080702 城市规划B080703 土木工程B080704 建筑环境与设备工程B080705 给水排水工程B080706 城市地下空间工程B080707 历史建筑保护工程B080708 景观建筑设计B080709 水务工程B080710 建筑设施智能技术B080724 道路桥梁与渡河工程B0808 水利类B080801 水利水电工程B080802 水文与水资源工程B080803 港口航道与海岸工程B080804 港口海岸及治河工程B080805 水资源与海洋工程B0809 测绘类B080901 测绘工程B080902 遥感科学与技术B080903 空间信息与数字技术B0810 环境与安全类B081001 环境工程B081002 安全工程B081003 水质科学与技术B081004 灾害防治工程B081005 环境科学与工程B081006 环境监察B081007 雷电防护科学与技术B0811 化工与制药类B081101 化学工程与工艺B081102 制药工程B081103 化工与制药B081104 化学工程与工业生物工程 B081105 资源科学与工程B0812 交通运输类B081201 交通运输B081202 交通工程B081203 油气储运工程B081204 飞行技术B081205 航海技术B081206 轮机工程B081207 物流工程B081208 海事管理B081209 交通设备信息工程B0813 海洋工程类B081301 船舶与海洋工程B0814 轻工纺织食品类B081401 食品科学与工程B081402 轻化工程B081403 包装工程B081404 印刷工程B081405 纺织工程B081406 服务设计与工程B081407 食品质量与安全B081408 酿酒工程B081409 葡萄与葡萄酒工程B081410 轻工生物技术B081411 农产品质量与安全B081412 非织造材料与工程B081413 数字印刷B081414 植物资源工程B0815 航空航天类B081501 飞行器设计与工程B081502 飞行器动力工程B081503 飞行器制造工程B081504 飞行器环境与生命保障工程 B081505 航空航天工程B081506 工程力学与航天航空工程 B0816 武器类B081601 武器系统与发射工程B081602 探测制导与控制技术B081603 弹药工程与爆炸技术B081604 特种能源工程与烟火技术 B081605 地面武器机动工程B081606 信息对抗技术B0817 工程力学类B081701 工程力学B081702 工程结构分析B0818 生物工程类B081801 生物工程B0819 农业工程类B081901 农业机械化及其自动化B081902 农业电气化与自动化B081903 农业建筑环境与能源工程 B081904 农业水利工程B081905 农业工程B081906 生物系统工程B0820 林业工程类B082001 森林工程B082002 木材科学与工程B082003 林产化工B0821 公安技术类B082101 刑事科学技术B082102 消防工程B082103 安全防范工程B082104 交通管理工程B082105 核生化消防B082106 公安视听技术B09 农学B0901 植物生产类B090101 农学B090102 园艺B090103 植物保护B090104 茶学B090105 烟草B090106 植物科学与技术B090107 种子科学与工程B090108 应用生物科学B090109 设施农业科学与工程B0902 草业科学类B090201 草业科学B0903 森林资源类B090301 林学B090302 森林资源保护与游憩B090303 野生动物与自然保护区管理 B0904 环境生态类B090401 园林B090402 水土保持与荒漠化防治B090403 农业资源与环境B0905 动物生产类B090501 动物科学B090502 蚕学B090503 蜂学B0906 动物医学类B090601 动物医学B090602 动物药学B0907 水产类B090701 水产养殖学B090702 海洋渔业科学与技术B090703 水族科学与技术B10 医学B1001 基础医学类B100101 基础医学B1002 预防医学类B100201 预防医学B100202 卫生检验B100203 妇幼保健医学B100204 营养学B1003 临床医学与医学技术类B100301 临床医学B100302 麻醉学B100303 医学影像学B100304 医学检验B100305 放射医学B100306 眼视光学B100307 康复治疗学B100308 精神医学B100309 医学技术B100310 听力学B100311 医学实验学B100312 医学美容技术B1004 口腔医学类B100401 口腔医学B100402 口腔修复工艺学B1005 中医学类B100501 中医学B100502 针灸推拿学B100503 蒙医学B100504 藏医学B100505 中西医临床医学B100506 维医学B1006 法医学类B100601 法医学B1007 护理学类B100701 护理学B1008 药学类B100801 药学B100802 中药学B100803 药物制剂B100804 中草药栽培与鉴定 B100805 藏药学B100806 中药资源与开发B100807 应用药学B100809 海洋药学B100810 药事管理B11 管理学B1101 管理科学与工程类B110101 管理科学B110102 信息管理与信息系统 B110103 工业工程B110104 工程管理B110105 工程造价B110106 房地产经营管理B110107 产品质量工程B110108 项目管理B110109 管理科学与工程B1102 工商管理类B110201 工商管理B110202 市场营销B110203 会计学B110204 财务管理B110205 人力资源管理B110206 旅游管理B110207 商品学B110208 审计学B110209 电子商务B110210 物流管理B110211 国际商务B110212 物业管理B110213 特许经营管理B110214 连锁经营管理B110215 资产评估B110216 电子商务及法律 B1103 公共管理类B110301 行政管理B110302 公共事业管理B110303 劳动与社会保障 B110304 土地资源管理B110305 公共关系学B110307 公共政策学B110308 城市管理B110309 公共管理B110310 文化产业管理B110311 会展经济与管理 B110312 国防教育与管理 B110313 航运管理B110314 劳动关系B110315 公共安全管理B1104 农业经济管理学B110401 农林经济管理B110402 农村区域发展B1105 图书档案学类B110501 图书馆学B110502 档案学B110503 信息资源管理C 类别三C51 农林牧渔大类C5101 农业技术类C510101 作物生产技术C510102 种子生产与经营 C510103 设施农业技术C510104 观光农业C510105 园艺技术C510106 茶叶生产加工技术C510107 中草药栽培技术C510108 烟草栽培技术C510109 植物保护C510110 植物检疫C510111 农产品质量检测9 C51013701 果树学C5102 林业技术类C510201 林业技术C510202 园林技术C510203 森林资源保护C510204 野生植物资源开发与利用 C510205 野生动物保护C510206 自然保护区建设与管理 C510207 森林生态旅游C510208 林产化工技术C510209 木材加工技术C510210 森林采运工程C5103 畜牧兽医类C510301 畜牧兽医C510302 畜牧C510303 饲料与动物营养C510304 特种动物养殖C510305 兽医C510306 兽医医药C510307 动物防疫与检疫C510308 兽药生产与营销C5104 水产养殖类C510401 水产养殖技术C510402 水生动植物保护C510403 海洋捕捞技术C510404 渔业综合技术C5105 农林管理类C510501 农业经济管理C510502 农村行政管理C510503 乡镇企业管理C510504 林业经济信息管理C510505 渔业资源与渔政管理C52 交通运输大类C5201 公路运输类C520101 公路运输与管理C520102 高等级公路维护与管理 C520103 路政管理C520104 汽车运用技术C520105 交通安全与智能控制C520106 城市交通运输C520107 公路监理C520108 道路桥梁工程技术C520109 工程机械控制技术C520110 工程机械运用与维护C5202 铁道运输类C520201 高速铁道技术C520202 电气化铁道技术C520203 铁道车辆C520204 铁道机车车辆C520205 铁道通信信号C520206 铁道交通运营管理C520207 铁道运输经济C520208 铁道工程技术C5203 城市轨道运输类C520301 城市轨道交通车辆C520302 城市轨道交通控制C520303 城市轨道交通工程技术 C520304 城市轨道交通运营管理 C5204 水上运输类C520401 航海技术C520402 水运管理C520403 国际航运业务管理C520404 海事管理C520405 轮机工程技术C520406 船舶工程技术C520407 船舶检验C520408 航道工程技术C5205 民航运输类C520501 民航运输C520502 飞行技术C520503 空中乘务C520504 航空服务C520505 民航商务C520506 航空机电设备维修C520507 航空电子设备维修C520508 民航特种车辆维修C520509 航空通信技术C520510 空中交通管理C520511 民航安全技术管理C520512 航空油料管理和应用C520513 飞机制造技术C5206 港口运输类C520601 港口业务管理C520602 港口物流设备与自动控制 C520603 集装箱运输管理C520604 港口工程技术C520605 报关与国际货运C5207 管道运输类C520701 管道工程技术C520702 管道工程施工C520703 管道运输管理C53 生化与药品大类C5301 生物技术类C530101 生物技术及应用C530102 生物实验技术C530103 生物化工工艺C530104 微生物技术及应用C5302 化工技术类C530201 应用化工技术C530202 有机化工生产技术C530203 高聚物生产技术C530204 化纤生产技术C530205 精细化学品生产技术C530206 石油化工生产技术C530207 炼油技术C530208 工业分析与检验C530209 化工设备维修技术C5303 制药技术类C530301 生化制药技术C530302 生物制药技术C530303 化学制药技术C530304 中药制药技术C530305 药物制剂技术C530306 药物分析技术C5304 食品药品管理类C530401 食品药品监督管理C530402 药品质量检测技术C530403 药品经营与管理C530404 保健品开发与管理C54 资源开发与测绘大类C5401 资源勘查类C540101 国土资源调查C540102 区域地质调查及矿产普查 C540103 煤田地质与勘查技术C540104 油气地质与勘查技术C540105 水文地质与勘查技术C540106 金属矿产地质与勘查技术 C540107 铀矿地质与勘查技术C540108 非金属矿产地质与勘查技术 C540109 岩矿分析与鉴定技术C540110 宝玉石鉴定与加工技术C5402 地质工程与技术类C540201 矿山地质C540202 工程地质勘查C540203 水文与工程地质C540204 钻探技术C540205 地球物理勘查技术C540206 地球物理测井技术C540207 地球化学勘查技术C5403 矿业工程类C540301 煤矿开采技术C540302 金属矿开采技术C540303 非金属矿开采技术C540304 固体矿床露天开采技术C540305 沙矿床开采技术C540306 矿井建设C540307 矿山机电C540308 矿井通风与安全C540309 矿井运输与提升9 C54033701 矿业工程C5404 石油与天然气类C540401 钻井技术C540402 油气开采技术C540403 油气储运技术C540404 油气藏分析技术C540405 油田化学应用技术C540406 石油与天然气地质勘探技术 C5405 矿物加工类C540501 矿物加工技术C540502 选矿技术C540503 选煤技术C540504 煤炭深加工与利用C540505 煤质分析技术C540506 选矿机电技术C5406 测绘类C540601 工程测量技术C540602 工程测量与监理C540603 摄影测量与遥感技术C540604 大地测量与卫星定位技术C540605 地理信息系统与地图制图技术 C540606 地籍测绘与土地管理信息技术 C540607 矿山测量C55 材料与能源大类C5501 材料类C550101 金属材料与热处理技术C550102 冶金技术C550103 高分子材料应用技术C550104 复合材料加工与应用技术C550105 材料工程技术C550106 建筑装饰材料及检测C5502 能源类C550201 热能动力设备与应用C550202 城市热能应用技术。

JCR2015影响因子(所有期刊从高到低排序)+中科院分区

Rank ISSN Abbreviated JournalTitleFull Title Category2940007-9235CA-CANCER J CLIN CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIAN医学10200028-4793NEW ENGL J MED NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE医学3410009-2665CHEM REV CHEMICAL REVIEWS化学17260140-6736LANCET LANCET医学63341474-1776NAT REV DRUG DISCOV NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY医学51741087-0156NAT BIOTECHNOL NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY工程技术10020028-0836NATURE NATURE综合性期刊32570732-0582ANNU REV IMMUNOL ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY医学62471471-0072NAT REV MOL CELL BIO NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL B生物63331474-175X NAT REV CANCER NATURE REVIEWS CANCER医学62461471-0056NAT REV GENET NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS生物63621476-1122NAT MATER NATURE MATERIALS工程技术16260098-7484JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ME医学63321474-1733NAT REV IMMUNOL NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY医学75191748-3387NAT NANOTECHNOL Nature Nanotechnology工程技术12390036-8075SCIENCE SCIENCE综合性期刊27400306-0012CHEM SOC REV CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS化学14560066-4146ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY 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CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS化学35080884-0431J BONE MINER RES JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RES医学生物58211367-5931CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLO8170022-3050J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSUR医学COMPUTER SCIEN 68301553-877X IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND83942150-7511MBIO mBio MICROBIOLOGY 72461674-2788J MOL CELL BIOL Journal of molecular cell biology CELL BIOLOGY 890002-9165AM J CLIN NUTR AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUT医学52751096-7176METAB ENG METABOLIC ENGINEERING工程技术14380065-2660ADV GENET ADVANCES IN GENETICS生物51221080-6040EMERG INFECT DIS EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES医学81421944-8244ACS APPL MATER INTER ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces工程技术57651359-6446DRUG DISCOV TODAY DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY医学4230012-186X DIABETOLOGIA DIABETOLOGIA医学21520193-936X EPIDEMIOL REV EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS医学医学47911053-2498J HEART LUNG TRANSPL JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANS50601074-5521CHEM BIOL CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY生物42360959-4388CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL CURRENT 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AN81451945-4589AGING-US Aging CELL BIOLOGY 59271387-6473NEW ASTRON REV NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS地学天文74431743-5390NANOTOXICOLOGY Nanotoxicology医学41970956-5663BIOSENS BIOELECTRON BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS工程技术11870034-4257REMOTE SENS ENVIRON REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT环境科学43220964-6906HUM MOL GENET HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS生物64871523-7060ORG LETT ORGANIC LETTERS化学61691462-8902DIABETES OBES METAB DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM医学81681949-2553ONCOTARGET Oncotarget Oncogenes 47971053-8119NEUROIMAGE NEUROIMAGE医学24860270-6474J NEUROSCI JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE医学63411474-9718AGING CELL AGING CELL生物72451674-2052MOL PLANT Molecular Plant生物8020022-2593J MED GENET JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS医学79091874-9399BBA-GENE REGUL MECH Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Gene Regul生物15320090-3493CRIT CARE MED CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE医学81051941-1413ANNU REV FOOD SCI T Annual review of food science and technoloFOOD SCIENCE & 12760038-6308SPACE SCI REV SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS地学天文81441945-0877SCI SIGNAL Science Signaling BIOCHEMISTRY & 26820303-4240REV PHYSIOL BIOCH P REVIEWS OF PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMIS医学84482162-4011ONCOIMMUNOLOGY OncoImmunology ONCOLOGY生物51631084-9521SEMIN CELL DEV BIOL SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL9450025-6196MAYO CLIN PROC MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS医学工程技术57541359-0286CURR OPIN SOLID ST M CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & M79001873-9946J CROHNS COLITIS Journal of Crohns & Colitis医学64971525-0016MOL THER MOLECULAR THERAPY医学14460065-308X ADV PARASIT ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY医学68991560-2745FUNGAL DIVERS FUNGAL DIVERSITY生物51441083-4419IEEE T SYST MAN CY B IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MA工程技术81121941-7640CIRC-CARDIOVASC INTE Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions CARDIAC & CARDI 30630378-7753J POWER SOURCES JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES工程技术生物33830748-3007CLADISTICS CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOUR生物58771383-5742MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MU7250021-972X J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLO医学62901471-4922TRENDS PARASITOL TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY医学61641462-2912ENVIRON MICROBIOL ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY环境科学3240008-6223CARBON CARBON工程技术47121044-3983EPIDEMIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY医学36600893-3952MODERN PATHOL MODERN PATHOLOGY医学18730161-5505J NUCL MED JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE医学68751558-3724POLYM REV Polymer Reviews工程技术67831549-9634NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology an工程技术18760161-6420OPHTHALMOLOGY OPHTHALMOLOGY医学29840370-2693PHYS LETT B PHYSICS LETTERS B物理63151473-0197LAB CHIP LAB ON A CHIP工程技术46281029-8479J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PHYSICS, PARTICL10420029-6643NUTR REV NUTRITION REVIEWS医学79501879-6257CURR OPIN VIROL Current Opinion in Virology VIROLOGY 41750954-6820J INTERN MED JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE医学76151754-6834BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS Biotechnology for Biofuels工程技术医学62321469-493X COCHRANE DB SYST REV Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews36740894-1491GLIA GLIA医学16730105-4538ALLERGY ALLERGY医学74331742-7061ACTA BIOMATER Acta Biomaterialia工程技术46641040-841X CRIT REV MICROBIOL CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY生物76631757-7004WIRES RNA WIRES RNA CELL BIOLOGY工程技术35420885-8993IEEE T POWER ELECTR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELEC51121079-5642ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AN医学7830022-1899J INFECT DIS JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES医学2090004-637X ASTROPHYS J ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL地学天文28390340-5761ARCH TOXICOL ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY医学42700960-7412PLANT J PLANT JOURNAL生物49631065-9471HUM BRAIN MAPP HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING医学5280016-6731GENETICS GENETICS生物14410065-2776ADV IMMUNOL ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY医学34470820-3946CAN MED ASSOC J CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOU医学3260008-6363CARDIOVASC RES CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH医学11560033-2917PSYCHOL MED PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE医学43190964-4563TOB CONTROL TOBACCO CONTROL医学57881364-0321RENEW SUST ENERG REV R ENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY工程技术医学25140272-6386AM J KIDNEY DIS AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEA58371369-5274CURR OPIN MICROBIOL CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY生物环境科学67121543-5938ANNU REV ENV RESOUR ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AN81081941-3289CIRC-HEART FAIL Circulation-Heart Failure医学35880889-1591BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY医学1350003-3022ANESTHESIOLOGY ANESTHESIOLOGY医学47501049-250X ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AN物理医学53951180-4882J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSC47961053-5888IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE工程技术57551359-0294CURR OPIN COLLOID IN CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTE化学31020390-6078HAEMATOLOGICA HAEMATOLOGICA HEMATOLOGY地学天文63551475-7516J COSMOL ASTROPART P JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTRO生物60021420-682X CELL MOL LIFE SCI CMLS-Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences9170024-9297MACROMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES工程技术84962192-2640ADV HEALTHC MATER Advanced healthcare materials工程技术82952046-2441OPEN BIOL Open biology BIOCHEMISTRY &工程技术18870162-8828IEEE T PATTERN ANAL IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANA54041198-743X CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECT医学84402161-1653ACS MACRO LETT ACS Macro Letters化学62151467-7644PLANT BIOTECHNOL J PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL生物62121467-3037CURR ISSUES MOL BIOL CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOL生物65071525-7797BIOMACROMOLECULES BIOMACROMOLECULES化学36340891-5849FREE RADICAL BIO MED FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICIN医学40690947-6539CHEM-EUR J CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL化学50391072-4710ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESC医学医学24640269-2813ALIMENT PHARM THER ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THER9590025-7974MEDICINE MEDICINE医学12840039-2499STROKE STROKE医学69011560-7917EUROSURVEILLANCE EUROSURVEILLANCE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 66541538-7933J THROMB HAEMOST JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEM医学84262157-6564STEM CELL TRANSL MED Stem cells translational medicine CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING 15130079-6816PROG SURF SCI PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE工程技术84982192-8606NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN N anophotonics NANOSCIENCE &66161535-7163MOL CANCER THER MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS医学医学70591600-6135AM J TRANSPLANT AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTA35210885-3185MOVEMENT DISORD MOVEMENT DISORDERS医学35010883-7694MRS BULL MRS BULLETIN工程技术26690301-9268PRECAMBRIAN RES PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH地学71071615-4150ADV SYNTH CATAL ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS化学42180957-9672CURR OPIN LIPIDOL CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY医学81131941-7705CIRC-CARDIOVASC QUAL Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Ou CARDIAC & CARDI1320003-2700ANAL CHEM ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY化学26970304-3835CANCER LETT CANCER LETTERS医学84312158-3188TRANSL PSYCHIAT Translational Psychiatry PSYCHIATRY43740969-2126STRUCTURE STRUCTURE生物78331863-2653BRAIN STRUCT FUNCT Brain Structure & Function医学27410306-2619APPL ENERG APPLIED ENERGY工程技术450001-690X ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA医学17750143-5221CLIN SCI CLINICAL SCIENCE医学57371355-6037HEART HEART医学82852045-2322SCI REP-UK Scientific reports Natural Science Disciplines 47861052-9276REV MED VIROL REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY医学34040749-6419INT J PLASTICITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTIC工程技术24600268-960X BLOOD REV BLOOD REVIEWS医学64761522-8517NEURO-ONCOLOGY NEURO-ONCOLOGY医学18600160-4120ENVIRON INT ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL环境科学24800269-9370AIDS AIDS医学2780007-1323BRIT J SURG BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY医学13480043-1354WATER RES WATER RESEARCH环境科学57241354-3784EXPERT OPIN INV DRUG EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONA医学7550022-0957J EXP BOT JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY生物7450022-0477J ECOL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY环境科学77031759-9954POLYM CHEM-UK POLYMER CHEMISTRY POLYMER SCIENCE 82141994-0416CRYOSPHERE Cryosphere GEOGRAPHY, PHY 18630160-6689J CLIN PSYCHIAT JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY医学67821549-9618J CHEM THEORY COMPUT J ournal of Chemical Theory and Computat化学65401527-8999CHEM REC CHEMICAL RECORD化学61951465-542X BREAST CANCER RES BREAST CANCER RESEARCH ONCOLOGY。

2014最新SCI影响因子_JCR Impact Factor_(8431种完整版)

CANCER CELL NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY Nature Chemistry PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS Annual Review of Neuroscience Cell Stem Cell Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease LANCET NEUROLOGY TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES Nature Physics Annual Review of Psychology Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology NATURE CELL BIOLOGY IMMUNITY LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES ENDOCRINE REVIEWS Annual Review of Plant Biology PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nano Today Annual Review of Genetics ADVANCES IN PHYSICS JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY Alzheimers & Dementia PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE Cell Metabolism Living Reviews in Relativity Annual Review of Marine Science BMJ-British Medical Journal ALDRICHIMICA ACTA ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS NEURON Cancer Discovery Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology Annual Review of Physical Chemistry REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Annual Review of Materials Research Energy & Environmental Science Annual Review of Medicine ADVANCED MATERIALS TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY Nature Climate Change MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS JNCI-Journal of the National Cancer Institute MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY NATURE NEUROSCIENCE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES

大学专业代码大全

code name tabIndex 077601药物工程2671 090104种质资源学2631 083211农产品质量与2359 030406民族地区公共2713 100420卫生检验学2371 090304土地资源利用2646 120214精算学2344 020215语言经济学2408 090305药用植物学2657 071022食品安全生物2663 081307工程造价2338 081107机电一体化工2340 100709药事管理2345 070122金融数学与保2350 081508水科学与技术2351 090207园艺植物种质2356 070209凝聚态燃料电2373 082307智能交通工程2390 081912安全工程2609 090208花卉学2616 120150管理决策理论2623 082405船舶电力推进2329 020214国际商务2349 120215投资经济2385 120414学生事务管理2404 020218政府经济学2618 050305广播电视新闻2630 082705同步辐射及应2389 081004电子与通信工2405 120217电力经济2638 095116食品加工与安2648 083004湿地资源与环2653 070309化学生物学2667 090804渔业经济与管2300 083020环境规划与管2300 081720化工装备与过2300 020304中共党史(含2300 082305空乘服务2300 050410室内设计2300 120408物业管理2300 020212商品学2300 080504材料学（偏高2300 020110资源开发与规2300 081305景观规划与设2300 050303国际新闻2300 030112法制史2300 100227神经内科2300 081604测绘仪器与系2300 120406城乡地籍与国2300 070307胶体与界面化2300 081908制造系统信息2300 070120信息安全2300 070121金融数学与金2300120101工程管理2300 120410公共关系学2300 120102管理学2300 030180法律硕士2300 030500马克思主义理2300 030501马克思主义基2300 030502马克思主义发2300 030503马克思主义中2300 030504国外马克思主2300 030505思想政治教育2300 040100教育学2300 040101教育学原理2300 040102课程与教学论2300 040103教育史2300 040104比较教育学2300 040105学前教育学2300 040106高等教育学2300 040107成人教育学2300 040108职业技术教育2300 040109特殊教育学2300 040200心理学2300 040201基础心理学2300 040202发展与教育心2300 040203应用心理学2300 040300体育学2300 040301体育人文社会2300 040302运动人体科学2300 040303体育教育训练2300 040304民族传统体育2300 050210亚非语言文学2300 050211外国语言学及2300 080600冶金工程2300 080601冶金物理化学2300 080602钢铁冶金2300 080603有色金属冶金2300 080700动力工程及工2300 080701工程热物理2300 080702热能工程2300 080703动力机械及工2300 080704流体机械及工2300 080705制冷及低温工2300 080706化工过程机械2300 080800电气工程2300 080801电机与电器2300 080802电力系统及其2300 080803高电压与绝缘2300 080804电力电子与电2300 080805电工理论与新2300 081000信息与通信工2300 081001通信与信息系2300 081002信号与信息处2300 081600测绘科学与技2300 081601大地测量学与2300 081602摄影测量与遥2300081603地图制图学与2300 081700化学工程与技2300 081701化学工程2300 081702化学工艺2300 081703生物化工2300 081704应用化学2300 081705工业催化2300 081800地质资源与地2300 081801矿产普查与勘2300 081802地球探测与信2300 081803地质工程2300 082000石油与天然气2300 082001油气井工程2300 082002油气田开发工2300 082003油气储运工程2300 082600兵器科学与技2300 082601武器系统与运2300 082602兵器发射理论2300 082603火炮、自动武2300 082604军事化学与烟2300 082700核科学与技术2300 082701核能科学与工2300 082702核燃料循环与2300 082703核技术及应用2300 082704辐射防护及环2300 082800农业工程2300 082801农业机械化工2300 082802农业水土工程2300 082803农业生物环境2300 082804农业电气化与2300 083000环境科学与工2300 083001环境科学2300 083002环境工程2300 090100作物学2300 090101作物栽培学与2300 090102作物遗传育种2300 090200园艺学2300 090201果树学2300 090202蔬菜学2300 090203茶学2300 090300农业资源利用2300 090301土壤学2300 090302植物营养学2300 090400植物保护2300 090401植物病理学2300 090402农业昆虫与害2300 090403农药学2300 100500中医学2300 100501中医基础理论2300 100502中医临床基础2300 100503中医医史文献2300 100504方剂学2300 100505中医诊断学2300 100506中医内科学2300100507中医外科学2300 100508中医骨伤科学2300 100509中医妇科学2300 025500保险硕士2416 035101法律硕士（非2419 085235制药工程硕士2513 085240物流工程硕士2518 095104植物保护硕士2524 095109农业机械化硕2529 095400林业硕士2536 105102儿科学硕士2540 105104神经病学硕士2542 105109外科学硕士2547 105113肿瘤学硕士2551 045103学科教学硕士2425 105116麻醉学硕士2554 105120中医骨伤科学2558 105127护理学硕士2565 105500药学硕士2569 108101内科学博士2572 108105精神病与精神2576 108109外科学博士2580 108112耳鼻咽喉科学2583 108116麻醉学博士2587 108120中医骨伤科学2591 108123中医五官科学2594 108200口腔医学博士2598 045108学科教学硕士2430 045113学科教学硕士2435 045118学前教育硕士2440 045203竞赛组织硕士2445 048101学校课程与教2451 055102戏剧硕士2456 055107美术硕士2461 055200翻译硕士2463 055201英语笔译硕士2464 055202英语口译硕士2465 055205日语笔译硕士2468 055400出版硕士2477 085201机械工程硕士2480 085208电子与通信工2487 085211计算机技术硕2490 085219石油与天然气2497 085222交通运输工程2500 085225兵器工程硕士2503 085226核能与核技术2504 085227农业工程硕士2505 085230生物医学工程2508 050307新闻与传播2675 050421美术2679 090307农业机械化2683 090308农业信息化2684 090209园艺2685 083213食品工程2686050217外国语言文学2688 050423音乐2691 020220应用统计2692 050424家具设计与工2699 080806电气工程及其2703 070506自然资源学2704 030116知识产权法学2706 050425文艺与文化传2714 090405杂草科学2722 050308传媒政策与法2723 100230超声诊断2358 090124作物生物技术2660 081507给排水2343 100108航海科学与技2353 081708生物材料工程2384 020112比较经济体制2387 082605机动武器系统2622 430141物流工程2364 100122人文医学2367 081005电子商务与信2398 055214英语口译2644 120415电子政务2666 090122农业生物技术2354 090123植物资源学2610 090303肥料学2632 040306运动训练2330 050415钢琴2332 120413物流管理2336 081308工程监理2339 081109资源环境遥感2342 081309建筑与土木工2395 095114农村与区域发2607 055109艺术硕士艺术2650 080208汽车电子工程2656 090306土地利用与信2661 090506动物生产系统2665 081207数字媒体技术2346 050418装饰艺术设计2347 100231临床医学（药2361 050419管弦乐2380 020217规制经济学2617 090404自然保护区学2626 050330广告学2634 100407公共卫生2639 071021生物工程2640 095117农业科技组织2649 070706应用海洋学2300 070722海洋信息探测2300 071016生物物理化学2658 050412广告传媒2325 050413广告设计2326 100721制药工程学2366 060120中外关系史2369 100722临床药学2370081211数字媒体技术2399 120216投资经济学2401 081509地下水科学与2635 071023人类重大疾病2673 040205学科教育（英2352 020111技术经济学2376 100303口腔医学（本2606 100711药物生物信息2652 070505环境地理学2355 083212食品贸易与文2621 050417古筝2334 081306建筑工程2335 081108数控2341 081209信息管理与信2374 081212计算机技术2391 081110控制工程2392 081607测绘工程2396 081911矿山装备与控2608 090121作物产品品质2613 120152信息管理与电2625 050306广播电视语言2669 081208动漫设计2348 050215朝鲜语2379 081605测控技术与仪2383 082022石油工程管理2386 050216商务英语研究2629 090105作物种质资源2670 071015仿生技术2375 080906集成电路设计2406 100710医学基础药理2604 100232神经外科2627 070723海洋地球化学2300 070724海洋地球物理2300 081721环境化工2300 070712海洋药物学2300 020211国际经济与贸2300 120206财务管理2300 030305地方政府学2300 040305运动保健2300 080205机械制造及自2300 080206汽车装配与维2300 050409视觉传达2300 081206计算机系统维2300 090103种子科学与工2300 071013环境生物学2300 071014经济微生物学2300 100220医学影像2300 082206出版发行学2300 050411文学与传媒2300 080207机电产品创新2300 120207电子商务与物2300 100707天然药物化学2300 050111文学阅读与文2300 100228心血管内科2300100229血液2300 081910数字矿山与资2300 082805农业生态学2300 090205园艺环境工程2300 070308纳米材料化学2300 050120中国民间文学2300 085212软件工程硕士2300 081706生物技术2300 100223骨外科（西医2300 020210国防经济2300 030110军事法学2300 070100数学2300 070101基础数学2300 070102计算数学2300 070103概率论与数理2300 070104应用数学2300 070105运筹学与控制2300 090505动物与人的比2619 070906生态地质学2664 082308城市轨道交通2655 071017生物医学2659 120120文化产业管理2363 050122文学与艺术传2368 050121审美文化学2372 020115保险学2400 030111证据法学2628 055213英语笔译2643 081804物探2378 082208印刷包装技术2328 080905集成电路工程2407 040206医学心理学2409 020216法经济学2411 020219商务智能2654 050414声乐2331 050416舞蹈2333 081506海水淡化工程2337 082806设施农业科学2362 081210二维动画2377 080505材料工程2393 081606仪器仪表工程2394 081710工业工程2397 120151管理工程与工2624 080707动力工程2636 050420艺术设计理论2381 050304英语同声传译2382 040112汉语国际教育2403 081006信息材料2620 083003资源与环境保2605 080209工业设计工程2611 010110比较哲学2637 085241项目管理2641 095115养殖2647 100801中药化学2668 070705海洋资源与权2300090821增殖养殖工程2300 070200物理学2300 070201理论物理2300 070202粒子物理与原2300 070203原子与分子物2300 070204等离子体物理2300 070205凝聚态物理2300 070206声学2300 070207光学2300 070208无线电物理2300 070300化学2300 070301无机化学2300 070302分析化学2300 070303有机化学2300 070304物理化学2300 070305高分子化学与2300 070400天文学2300 070401天体物理2300 070402天体测量与天2300 071010生物化学与分2300 071011生物物理学2300 071012生态学2300 071100系统科学2300 071101系统理论2300 071102系统分析与集2300 071200科学技术史2300 077202固体力学2300 080500材料科学与工2300 080501材料物理与化2300 080502材料学2300 080503材料加工工程2300 080900电子科学与技2300 080901物理电子学2300 080902电路与系统2300 080903微电子学与固2300 080904电磁场与微波2300 081280软件工程2300 085100建筑学硕士2300 081500水利工程2300 081501水文学及水资2300 081502水力学及河流2300 081503水工结构工程2300 081504水利水电工程2300 081505港口、海岸及2300 081900矿业工程2300 081901采矿工程2300 081902矿物加工工程2300 081903安全技术及工2300 082500航空宇航科学2300 082501飞行器设计2300 082502航空宇航推进2300 082503航空宇航制造2300 082504人机与环境工2300 082900林业工程2300082901森林工程2300 082902木材科学与技2300 082903林产化学加工2300 100210外科学2300 100211妇产科学2300 100212眼科学2300 100213耳鼻咽喉科学2300 100214肿瘤学2300 100215康复医学与理2300 100216运动医学2300 100217麻醉学2300 100218急诊医学2300 100600中西医结合2300 100601中西医结合基2300 100602中西医结合临2300 100700药学2300 100701药物化学2300 100702药剂学2300 100703生药学2300 100704药物分析学2300 100705微生物与生化2300 100706药理学2300 100800中药学2300 110100军事思想及军2300 110101军事思想2300 110102军事历史2300 110200战略学2300 110201军事战略学2300 110202战争动员学2300 110300战役学2300 110301联合战役学2300 110302军种战役学2300 110400战术学2300 110401合同战术学2300 110402兵种战术学2300 120100管理科学与工2300 120200工商管理2300 120201会计学2300 120202企业管理2300 120203旅游管理2300 120204技术经济及管2300 120300农林经济管理2300 120301农业经济管理2300 120302林业经济管理2300 120400公共管理2300 120401行政管理2300 100304口腔医学专业2642 080506可再生能源与2662 060109区域文化史2672 070707物理海洋学（2300 081722化工材料2300 050206印度语言文学2300 050207西班牙语语言2300 050208阿拉伯语语言2300050209欧洲语言文学2300 050300新闻传播学2300 050301新闻学2300 050302传播学2300 050400艺术学2300 070520河口海岸学2710 050402音乐学2300 050403美术学2300 050404设计艺术学2300 050405戏剧戏曲学2300 050406电影学2300 050407广播电视艺术2300 050408舞蹈学2300 070500地理学2300 070501自然地理学2300 070502人文地理学2300 070503地图学与地理2300 070900地质学2300 070901矿物学、岩石2300 070902地球化学2300 070903古生物学与地2300 070904构造地质学2300 070905第四纪地质学2300 090211花卉与景观园2717 082021油气工程管理2300 070711海洋生态学2300 082310智能交通与信2724 050212外国语言学2300 020109保险2300 082105服装设计2300 120407人力资源管理2300 120209会计与审计2300 120211房地产经营与2300 070603气候系统与全2300 100708制药工程2300 082104服装设计与工2300 070725海洋化学工程2300 120205企业管理(计2300 082020油气工程力学2300 050213应用语言学2300 090708植保资源利用2300 050214韩语2300 050110汉语言文学2300 120409保安管理2300 081205计算机信息管2300 120210市场营销2300 020213电子商务2300 082306民航2300 100219麻醉2300 120208基建审计2300 083208食品安全2300 090206设施园艺学2300 083209食品安全与药2300 120212经济管理2300080107理论力学2300 081707精细化工2300 082205印刷工程及媒2300 070504地球信息科学2300 120411农村发展与管2300 082207包装工程2300 020107资源经济与管2300 083206植物检疫与农2300 083207作物产品品质2300 090204观赏园艺2300 071020基因组学与生2300 010100哲学2300 010101马克思主义哲2300 010102中国哲学2300 010103外国哲学2300 010104逻辑学2300 010105伦理学2300 010106美学2300 010107宗教学2300 010108科学技术哲学2300 020100理论经济学2300 020101政治经济学2300 020102经济思想史2300 020103经济史2300 120402社会医学与卫2300 120403教育经济与管2300 120404社会保障2300 120405土地资源管理2300 025100金融硕士2412 025200应用统计硕士2413 025300税务硕士2414 025600资产评估硕士2417 035200社会工作硕士2421 085234车辆工程硕士2512 085238生物工程硕士2516 085300城市规划硕士2519 095103农业资源利用2523 095106草业硕士2526 095110农村与区域发2530 095200兽医硕士2534 098200兽医博士2537 105103老年医学硕士2541 105106皮肤病与性病2544 105110妇产科学硕士2548 105114康复医学与理2552 105117急诊医学硕士2555 105121中医妇科学硕2559 105124针灸推拿学硕2562 105200口腔医学硕士2566 105600中药学硕士2570 108102儿科学博士2573 108106皮肤病与性病2577 108110妇产科学博士2581 045106学科教学硕士2428108113肿瘤学博士2584 108117急诊医学博士2588 108124针灸推拿学博2595 115100军事硕士2599 125500图书情报硕士2602 045109学科教学硕士2431 045116心理健康教育2438 045119特殊教育硕士2441 045400应用心理硕士2448 048102学生发展与教2452 055105广播电视硕士2459 055204俄语口译硕士2467 055207法语笔译硕士2470 055210德语口译硕士2473 055211朝鲜语笔译硕2474 055212朝鲜语口译硕2475 065100文物与博物馆2478 085204材料工程硕士2483 085205冶金工程硕士2484 085206动力工程硕士2485 085209集成电路工程2488 085215测绘工程硕士2493 100222眼科2300 100221中医骨科2300 070708海洋腐蚀与防2300 081106过程装备工程2300 080105结构力学2300 080106理论与应用力2300 081003电子信息工程2300 120213体育经济与管2300 120412持续发展与推2300 081909矿山评价技术2300 081904矿山环境工程2300 081905矿山建筑工程2300 081906矿业信息工程2300 081907矿业装备与控2300 083205葡萄与葡萄酒2300 050109对外汉语2300 070306理论与计算化2300 010109马克思主义理2300 020108世界经济学2300 040204运动心理学2300 040110教育技术学2300 040111教育法学2300 050100中国语言文学2300 050101文艺学2300 050102语言学及应用2300 050103汉语言文字学2300 050104中国古典文献2300 050105中国古代文学2300 050106中国现当代文2300 050107中国少数民族2300 050108比较文学与世2300 050200外国语言文学2300050201英语语言文学2300 050202俄语语言文学2300 050203法语语言文学2300 050204德语语言文学2300 050205日语语言文学2300 100723免疫药物学2674 060121文物与博物馆2676 020116人口资源与环2677 050422艺术设计2680 020117公共经济学2682 020104西方经济学2300 020105世界经济2300 020106人口、资源与2300 020200应用经济学2300 020201国民经济学2300 020202区域经济学2300 020203财政学2300 020204金融学2300 020205产业经济学2300 020206国际贸易学2300 020207劳动经济学2300 020208统计学2300 020209数量经济学2300 030100法学2300 030101法学理论2300 030102法律史2300 030103宪法学与行政2300 030104刑法学2300 030105民商法学2300 030106诉讼法学2300 030107经济法学2300 030108环境与资源保2300 030109国际法学2300 030200政治学2300 030201政治学理论2300 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081200计算机科学与2300 081201计算机系统结2300 081202计算机软件与2300 081203计算机应用技2300 081300建筑学2300 081301建筑历史与理2300 081302建筑设计及其2300 081303城市规划与设2300 081304建筑技术科学2300 081400土木工程2300 081401岩土工程2300081402结构工程2300 081403市政工程2300 081404供热、供燃气2300 081405防灾减灾工程2300 081406桥梁与隧道工2300 082100纺织科学与工2300 082101纺织工程2300 082102纺织材料与纺2300 082103纺织化学与染2300 082107服装2300 082200轻工技术与工2300 082201制浆造纸工程2300 082202制糖工程2300 082203发酵工程2300 082204皮革化学与工2300 070600大气科学2300 070601气象学2300 070602大气物理学与2300 070700海洋科学2300 070701物理海洋学2300 070702海洋化学2300 070703海洋生物学2300 070704海洋地质2300 070800地球物理学2300 070801固体地球物理2300 070802空间物理学2300 071000生物学2300 071001植物学2300 071002动物学2300 071003生理学2300 071004水生生物学2300 071005微生物学2300 071006神经生物学2300 071007遗传学2300 071008发育生物学2300 071009细胞生物学2300 090210草坪生物学2711 083210植物检疫与农2715 050426笙2716 082309交通运输安全2721 090500畜牧学2300 090501动物遗传育种2300 090502动物营养与饲2300 090503草业科学2300 090504特种经济动物2300 100100基础医学2300 100101人体解剖与组2300 100102免疫学2300 100103病原生物学2300 100104病理学与病理2300 100105法医学2300 100106放射医学2300 100107航空、航天与2300 100200临床医学2300100201内科学2300 100202儿科学2300 100203老年医学2300 100204神经病学2300 100205精神病与精神2300 100206皮肤病与性病2300 100207影像医学与核2300 100208临床检验诊断2300 100209护理学2300 082300交通运输工程2300 082301道路与铁道工2300 082302交通信息工程2300 082303交通运输规划2300 082304载运工具运用2300 082400船舶与海洋工2300 082401船舶与海洋结2300 082402轮机工程2300 082403水声工程2300 082404运载工具运用2300 083100生物医学工程2300 083200食品科学与工2300 083201食品科学2300 083202粮食、油脂及2300 083203农产品加工及2300 083204水产品加工及2300 090600兽医学2300 090601基础兽医学2300 090602预防兽医学2300 090603临床兽医学2300 090700林学2300 090701林木遗传育种2300 090702森林培育2300 090703森林保护学2300 090704森林经理学2300 090705野生动植物保2300 090706园林植物与观2300 090707水土保持与荒2300 090800水产2300 090801水产养殖2300 090802捕捞学2300 090803渔业资源2300 100510中医儿科学2300 100511中医五官科学2300 100512针灸推拿学2300 100513民族医学(蒙2300 110500军队指挥学2300 110501作战指挥学2300 110502军事运筹学2300 110503军事通信学2300 110504军事情报学2300 110505密码学2300 110506军事教育训练2300 125100工商管理硕士2300 125200公共管理硕士2300120500图书馆、情报2300 120501图书馆学2300 120502情报学2300 120503档案学2300 100300口腔医学2300 100301口腔基础医学2300 100302口腔临床医学2300 100400公共卫生与预2300 100401流行病与卫生2300 100402劳动卫生与环2300 100403营养与食品卫2300 100404儿少卫生与妇2300 100405卫生毒理学2300 100406军事预防医学2300 110600军制学2300 110601军事组织编制2300 110602军队管理学2300 110700军队政治工作2300 110800军事后勤学与2300 110801军事后勤学2300 110802后方专业勤务2300 110803军事装备学2300 030506中国近现代史2418 085237工业设计工程2515 095100农业推广硕士2520 035300警务硕士2422 095102园艺硕士2522 095107林业硕士2527 095111农业科技组织2531 045101教育管理硕士2423 095113食品加工与安2533 105100临床医学硕士2538 045102学科教学硕士2424 105107影像医学与核2545 105111眼科学硕士2549 105118中医内科学硕2556 105122中医儿科学硕2560 105125民族医学硕士2563 105300公共卫生硕士2567 108100临床医学博士2571 045105学科教学硕士2427 108103老年医学博士2574 108107影像医学与核2578 108114康复医学与理2585 108118中医内科学博2589 108121中医妇科学博2592 108125民族医学博士2596 125300会计硕士2600 125600工程管理硕士2603 045110学科教学硕士2432 045111学科教学硕士2433 045112学科教学硕士2434 045115小学教育硕士2437 045200体育硕士2442045201体育教学硕士2443 045202运动训练硕士2444 045300汉语国际教育2447 048103教育领导与管2453 055100艺术硕士2454 055101音乐硕士2455 055104电影硕士2458 055203俄语笔译硕士2466 055208法语口译硕士2471 055209德语笔译硕士2472 085200工程硕士2479 085203仪器仪表工程2482 085210控制工程硕士2489 085214水利工程硕士2492 085221轻工技术与工2499 085228林业工程硕士2506 085233航天工程硕士2511 090106作物2681 030114法律（法学）2695 030115法律（非法学2697 070907自然灾害学2701 070310材料化学2702 025400国际商务硕士2415 035102法律硕士（法2420 085236工业工程硕士2514 085239项目管理硕士2517 095101作物硕士2521 095105养殖硕士2525 095108渔业硕士2528 095112农业信息化硕2532 095300风景园林硕士2535 105101内科学硕士2539 105105精神病与精神2543 105108临床检验诊断2546 105112耳鼻咽喉科学2550 105115运动医学硕士2553 105119中医外科学硕2557 105123中医五官科学2561 045104学科教学硕士2426 105126中西医结合临2564 105400护理硕士2568 108104神经病学博士2575 108108临床检验诊断2579 108111眼科学博士2582 108115运动医学博士2586 108119中医外科学博2590 045107学科教学硕士2429 108122中医儿科学博2593 108126中西医结合临2597 125400旅游管理硕士2601 045114现代教育技术2436 045117科学与技术教2439 045204社会体育指导2446 048100教育博士2450055103戏曲硕士2457 055106舞蹈硕士2460 055108艺术设计硕士2462 055206日语口译硕士2469 055300新闻与传播硕2476 085202光学工程硕士2481 085207电气工程硕士2486 085213建筑与土木工2491 085218矿业工程硕士2496 085223船舶与海洋工2501 085224安全工程硕士2502 085231食品工程硕士2509 050220俄语口译2698。

微生物英文文献及翻译—原文

Dynamic and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria communities during sludge granulation in an anaerobic e aerobic sequencing batch reactorZhang Bin a ,b ,Chen Zhe a ,b ,Qiu Zhigang a ,b ,Jin Min a ,b ,Chen Zhiqiang a ,b ,Chen Zhaoli a ,b ,Li Junwen a ,b ,Wang Xuan c ,*,Wang Jingfeng a ,b ,**aInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Tianjin 300050,PR China bTianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety,Tianjin 300050,PR China cTianjin Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Material and Membrane Process,Institute of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Tianjin Polytechnical University,Tianjin 300160,PR Chinaa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 30June 2011Received in revised form 10September 2011Accepted 10September 2011Available online xxx Keywords:Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Granular sludgeCommunity development Granule sizeNitrifying bacteria distribution Phylogenetic diversitya b s t r a c tThe structure dynamic of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)community and the distribution of AOB and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB)in granular sludge from an anaerobic e aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR)were investigated.A combination of process studies,molecular biotechniques and microscale techniques were employed to identify and characterize these organisms.The AOB community structure in granules was substantially different from that of the initial pattern of the inoculants sludge.Along with granules formation,the AOB diversity declined due to the selection pressure imposed by process conditions.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)and sequencing results demonstrated that most of Nitrosomonas in the inoculating sludge were remained because of their ability to rapidly adapt to the settling e washing out action.Furthermore,DGGE analysis revealed that larger granules beneﬁt more AOB species surviving in the reactor.In the SBR were various size granules coexisted,granule diameter affected the distribution range of AOB and NOB.Small and medium granules (d <0.6mm)cannot restrict oxygen mass transfer in all spaces of the rger granules (d >0.9mm)can result in smaller aerobic volume fraction and inhibition of NOB growth.All these observations provide support to future studies on the mechanisms responsible for the AOB in granules systems.ª2011Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionAt sufﬁciently high levels,ammonia in aquatic environments can be toxic to aquatic life and can contribute to eutrophica-tion.Accordingly,biodegradation and elimination of ammonia in wastewater are the primary functions of thewastewater treatment process.Nitriﬁcation,the conversion of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite,is an important way to remove ammonia nitrogen.It is a two-step process catalyzed by ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB).Aerobic ammonia-oxidation is often the ﬁrst,rate-limiting step of nitriﬁcation;however,it is essential for the*Corresponding author .**Corresponding author.Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Tianjin 300050,PR China.Tel.:+862284655498;fax:+862223328809.E-mail addresses:wangxuan0116@ (W.Xuan),jingfengwang@ (W.Jingfeng).Available online atjournal homepage:/locate/watresw a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 100043-1354/$e see front matter ª2011Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.026removal of ammonia from the wastewater(Prosser and Nicol, 2008).Comparative analyses of16S rRNA sequences have revealed that most AOB in activated sludge are phylogeneti-cally closely related to the clade of b-Proteobacteria (Kowalchuk and Stephen,2001).However,a number of studies have suggested that there are physiological and ecological differences between different AOB genera and lineages,and that environmental factors such as process parameter,dis-solved oxygen,salinity,pH,and concentrations of free ammonia can impact certain species of AOB(Erguder et al., 2008;Kim et al.,2006;Koops and Pommerening-Ro¨ser,2001; Kowalchuk and Stephen,2001;Shi et al.,2010).Therefore, the physiological activity and abundance of AOB in waste-water processing is critical in the design and operation of waste treatment systems.For this reason,a better under-standing of the ecology and microbiology of AOB in waste-water treatment systems is necessary to enhance treatment performance.Recently,several developed techniques have served as valuable tools for the characterization of microbial diversity in biological wastewater treatment systems(Li et al., 2008;Yin and Xu,2009).Currently,the application of molec-ular biotechniques can provide clariﬁcation of the ammonia-oxidizing community in detail(Haseborg et al.,2010;Tawan et al.,2005;Vlaeminck et al.,2010).In recent years,the aerobic granular sludge process has become an attractive alternative to conventional processes for wastewater treatment mainly due to its cell immobilization strategy(de Bruin et al.,2004;Liu et al.,2009;Schwarzenbeck et al.,2005;Schwarzenbeck et al.,2004a,b;Xavier et al.,2007). Granules have a more tightly compact structure(Li et al.,2008; Liu and Tay,2008;Wang et al.,2004)and rapid settling velocity (Kong et al.,2009;Lemaire et al.,2008).Therefore,granular sludge systems have a higher mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS)concentration and longer solid retention times(SRT) than conventional activated sludge systems.Longer SRT can provide enough time for the growth of organisms that require a long generation time(e.g.,AOB).Some studies have indicated that nitrifying granules can be cultivated with ammonia-rich inorganic wastewater and the diameter of granules was small (Shi et al.,2010;Tsuneda et al.,2003).Other researchers reported that larger granules have been developed with the synthetic organic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs)(Li et al., 2008;Liu and Tay,2008).The diverse populations of microor-ganisms that coexist in granules remove the chemical oxygen demand(COD),nitrogen and phosphate(de Kreuk et al.,2005). However,for larger granules with a particle diameter greater than0.6mm,an outer aerobic shell and an inner anaerobic zone coexist because of restricted oxygen diffusion to the granule core.These properties of granular sludge suggest that the inner environment of granules is unfavorable to AOB growth.Some research has shown that particle size and density induced the different distribution and dominance of AOB,NOB and anam-mox(Winkler et al.,2011b).Although a number of studies have been conducted to assess the ecology and microbiology of AOB in wastewater treatment systems,the information on the dynamics,distribution,and quantiﬁcation of AOB communities during sludge granulation is still limited up to now.To address these concerns,the main objective of the present work was to investigate the population dynamics of AOB communities during the development of seedingﬂocs into granules,and the distribution of AOB and NOB in different size granules from an anaerobic e aerobic SBR.A combination of process studies,molecular biotechniques and microscale techniques were employed to identify and char-acterize these organisms.Based on these approaches,we demonstrate the differences in both AOB community evolu-tion and composition of theﬂocs and granules co-existing in the SBR and further elucidate the relationship between distribution of nitrifying bacteria and granule size.It is ex-pected that the work would be useful to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the AOB in granules and apply them for optimal control and management strategies of granulation systems.2.Material and methods2.1.Reactor set-up and operationThe granules were cultivated in a lab-scale SBR with an effective volume of4L.The effective diameter and height of the reactor was10cm and51cm,respectively.The hydraulic retention time was set at8h.Activated sludge from a full-scale sewage treat-ment plant(Jizhuangzi Sewage Treatment Works,Tianjin, China)was used as the seed sludge for the reactor at an initial sludge concentration of3876mg LÀ1in MLSS.The reactor was operated on6-h cycles,consisting of2-min inﬂuent feeding,90-min anaerobic phase(mixing),240-min aeration phase and5-min efﬂuent discharge periods.The sludge settling time was reduced gradually from10to5min after80SBR cycles in20days, and only particles with a settling velocity higher than4.5m hÀ1 were retained in the reactor.The composition of the inﬂuent media were NaAc(450mg LÀ1),NH4Cl(100mg LÀ1),(NH4)2SO4 (10mg LÀ1),KH2PO4(20mg LÀ1),MgSO4$7H2O(50mg LÀ1),KCl (20mg LÀ1),CaCl2(20mg LÀ1),FeSO4$7H2O(1mg LÀ1),pH7.0e7.5, and0.1mL LÀ1trace element solution(Li et al.,2007).Analytical methods-The total organic carbon(TOC),NHþ4e N, NOÀ2e N,NOÀ3e N,total nitrogen(TN),total phosphate(TP) concentration,mixed liquid suspended solids(MLSS) concentration,and sludge volume index at10min(SVI10)were measured regularly according to the standard methods (APHA-AWWA-WEF,2005).Sludge size distribution was determined by the sieving method(Laguna et al.,1999).Screening was performed with four stainless steel sieves of5cm diameter having respective mesh openings of0.9,0.6,0.45,and0.2mm.A100mL volume of sludge from the reactor was sampled with a calibrated cylinder and then deposited on the0.9mm mesh sieve.The sample was subsequently washed with distilled water and particles less than0.9mm in diameter passed through this sieve to the sieves with smaller openings.The washing procedure was repeated several times to separate the gran-ules.The granules collected on the different screens were recovered by backwashing with distilled water.Each fraction was collected in a different beaker andﬁltered on quantitative ﬁlter paper to determine the total suspended solid(TSS).Once the amount of total suspended solid(TSS)retained on each sieve was acquired,it was reasonable to determine for each class of size(<0.2,[0.2e0.45],[0.45e0.6],[0.6e0.9],>0.9mm) the percentage of the total weight that they represent.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x(2011)1e10 22.2.DNA extraction and nested PCR e DGGEThe sludge from approximately8mg of MLSS was transferred into a1.5-mL Eppendorf tube and then centrifuged at14,000g for10min.The supernatant was removed,and the pellet was added to1mL of sodium phosphate buffer solution and aseptically mixed with a sterilized pestle in order to detach granules.Genomic DNA was extracted from the pellets using E.Z.N.A.äSoil DNA kit(D5625-01,Omega Bio-tek Inc.,USA).To amplify ammonia-oxidizer speciﬁc16S rRNA for dena-turing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),a nested PCR approach was performed as described previously(Zhang et al., 2010).30m l of nested PCR amplicons(with5m l6Âloading buffer)were loaded and separated by DGGE on polyacrylamide gels(8%,37.5:1acrylamide e bisacrylamide)with a linear gradient of35%e55%denaturant(100%denaturant¼7M urea plus40%formamide).The gel was run for6.5h at140V in 1ÂTAE buffer(40mM Tris-acetate,20mM sodium acetate, 1mM Na2EDTA,pH7.4)maintained at60 C(DCodeäUniversal Mutation Detection System,Bio-Rad,Hercules,CA, USA).After electrophoresis,silver-staining and development of the gels were performed as described by Sanguinetti et al. (1994).These were followed by air-drying and scanning with a gel imaging analysis system(Image Quant350,GE Inc.,USA). The gel images were analyzed with the software Quantity One,version4.31(Bio-rad).Dice index(Cs)of pair wise community similarity was calculated to evaluate the similarity of the AOB community among DGGE lanes(LaPara et al.,2002).This index ranges from0%(no common band)to100%(identical band patterns) with the assistance of Quantity One.The Shannon diversity index(H)was used to measure the microbial diversity that takes into account the richness and proportion of each species in a population.H was calculatedusing the following equation:H¼ÀPn iNlogn iN,where n i/Nis the proportion of community made up by species i(bright-ness of the band i/total brightness of all bands in the lane).Dendrograms relating band pattern similarities were automatically calculated without band weighting(consider-ation of band density)by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)algorithms in the Quantity One software.Prominent DGGE bands were excised and dissolved in30m L Milli-Q water overnight,at4 C.DNA was recovered from the gel by freeze e thawing thrice.Cloning and sequencing of the target DNA fragments were conducted following the estab-lished method(Zhang et al.,2010).2.3.Distribution of nitrifying bacteriaThree classes of size([0.2e0.45],[0.45e0.6],>0.9mm)were chosen on day180for FISH analysis in order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of AOB and NOB in granules.2mg sludge samples wereﬁxed in4%para-formaldehyde solution for16e24h at4 C and then washed twice with sodium phosphate buffer;the samples were dehydrated in50%,80%and100%ethanol for10min each. Ethanol in the granules was then completely replaced by xylene by serial immersion in ethanol-xylene solutions of3:1, 1:1,and1:3by volume andﬁnally in100%xylene,for10min periods at room temperature.Subsequently,the granules were embedded in parafﬁn(m.p.56e58 C)by serial immer-sion in1:1xylene-parafﬁn for30min at60 C,followed by 100%parafﬁn.After solidiﬁcation in parafﬁn,8-m m-thick sections were prepared and placed on gelatin-coated micro-scopic slides.Parafﬁn was removed by immersing the slide in xylene and ethanol for30min each,followed by air-drying of the slides.The three oligonucleotide probes were used for hybridiza-tion(Downing and Nerenberg,2008):FITC-labeled Nso190, which targets the majority of AOB;TRITC-labeled NIT3,which targets Nitrobacter sp.;TRITC-labeled NSR1156,which targets Nitrospira sp.All probe sequences,their hybridization condi-tions,and washing conditions are given in Table1.Oligonu-cleotides were synthesized andﬂuorescently labeled with ﬂuorochomes by Takara,Inc.(Dalian,China).Hybridizations were performed at46 C for2h with a hybridization buffer(0.9M NaCl,formamide at the percentage shown in Table1,20mM Tris/HCl,pH8.0,0.01% SDS)containing each labeled probe(5ng m LÀ1).After hybrid-ization,unbound oligonucleotides were removed by a strin-gent washing step at48 C for15min in washing buffer containing the same components as the hybridization buffer except for the probes.For detection of all DNA,4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)was diluted with methanol to aﬁnal concentration of1ng m LÀ1.Cover the slides with DAPI e methanol and incubate for15min at37 C.The slides were subsequently washed once with methanol,rinsed brieﬂy with ddH2O and immediately air-dried.Vectashield(Vector Laboratories)was used to prevent photo bleaching.The hybridization images were captured using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM,Zeiss710).A total of10images were captured for each probe at each class of size.The representative images were selected andﬁnal image evaluation was done in Adobe PhotoShop.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x(2011)1e1033.Results3.1.SBR performance and granule characteristicsDuring the startup period,the reactor removed TOC and NH 4þ-N efﬁciently.98%of NH 4þ-N and 100%of TOC were removed from the inﬂuent by day 3and day 5respectively (Figs.S2,S3,Supporting information ).Removal of TN and TP were lower during this period (Figs.S3,S4,Supporting information ),though the removal of TP gradually improved to 100%removal by day 33(Fig.S4,Supporting information ).To determine the sludge volume index of granular sludge,a settling time of 10min was chosen instead of 30min,because granular sludge has a similar SVI after 60min and after 5min of settling (Schwarzenbeck et al.,2004b ).The SVI 10of the inoculating sludge was 108.2mL g À1.The changing patterns of MLSS and SVI 10in the continuous operation of the SBR are illustrated in Fig.1.The sludge settleability increased markedly during the set-up period.Fig.2reﬂects the slow andgradual process of sludge granulation,i.e.,from ﬂocculentsludge to granules.3.2.DGGE analysis:AOB communities structure changes during sludge granulationThe results of nested PCR were shown in Fig.S1.The well-resolved DGGE bands were obtained at the representative points throughout the GSBR operation and the patterns revealed that the structure of the AOB communities was dynamic during sludge granulation and stabilization (Fig.3).The community structure at the end of experiment was different from that of the initial pattern of the seed sludge.The AOB communities on day 1showed 40%similarity only to that at the end of the GSBR operation (Table S1,Supporting information ),indicating the considerable difference of AOB communities structures between inoculated sludge and granular sludge.Biodiversity based on the DGGE patterns was analyzed by calculating the Shannon diversity index H as204060801001201401254159738494104115125135147160172188Time (d)S V I 10 (m L .g -1)10002000300040005000600070008000900010000M L S S (m g .L -1)Fig.1e Change in biomass content and SVI 10during whole operation.SVI,sludge volume index;MLSS,mixed liquid suspendedsolids.Fig.2e Variation in granule size distribution in the sludge during operation.d,particle diameter;TSS,total suspended solids.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 104shown in Fig.S5.In the phase of sludge inoculation (before day 38),H decreased remarkably (from 0.94to 0.75)due to the absence of some species in the reactor.Though several dominant species (bands2,7,10,11)in the inoculating sludge were preserved,many bands disappeared or weakened (bands 3,4,6,8,13,14,15).After day 45,the diversity index tended to be stable and showed small ﬂuctuation (from 0.72to 0.82).Banding pattern similarity was analyzed by applying UPGMA (Fig.4)algorithms.The UPGMA analysis showed three groups with intragroup similarity at approximately 67%e 78%and intergroup similarity at 44e 62%.Generally,the clustering followed the time course;and the algorithms showed a closer clustering of groups II and III.In the analysis,group I was associated with sludge inoculation and washout,group IIwithFig.3e DGGE proﬁle of the AOB communities in the SBR during the sludge granulation process (lane labels along the top show the sampling time (days)from startup of the bioreactor).The major bands were labeled with the numbers (bands 1e15).Fig.4e UPGMA analysis dendrograms of AOB community DGGE banding patterns,showing schematics of banding patterns.Roman numerals indicate major clusters.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 105startup sludge granulation and decreasing SVI 10,and group III with a stable system and excellent biomass settleability.In Fig.3,the locations of the predominant bands were excised from the gel.DNA in these bands were reampliﬁed,cloned and sequenced.The comparative analysis of these partial 16S rRNA sequences (Table 2and Fig.S6)revealed the phylogenetic afﬁliation of 13sequences retrieved.The majority of the bacteria in seed sludge grouped with members of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira .Along with sludge granula-tion,most of Nitrosomonas (Bands 2,5,7,9,10,11)were remained or eventually became dominant in GSBR;however,all of Nitrosospira (Bands 6,13,15)were gradually eliminated from the reactor.3.3.Distribution of AOB and NOB in different sized granulesFISH was performed on the granule sections mainly to deter-mine the location of AOB and NOB within the different size classes of granules,and the images were not further analyzed for quantiﬁcation of cell counts.As shown in Fig.6,in small granules (0.2mm <d <0.45mm),AOB located mainly in the outer part of granular space,whereas NOB were detected only in the core of granules.In medium granules (0.45mm <d <0.6mm),AOB distributed evenly throughout the whole granular space,whereas NOB still existed in the inner part.In the larger granules (d >0.9mm),AOB and NOB were mostly located in the surface area of the granules,and moreover,NOB became rare.4.Discussion4.1.Relationship between granule formation and reactor performanceAfter day 32,the SVI 10stabilized at 20e 35mL g À1,which is very low compared to the values measured for activated sludge (100e 150mL g À1).However,the size distribution of the granules measured on day 32(Fig.2)indicated that only 22%of the biomass was made of granular sludge with diameter largerthan 0.2mm.These results suggest that sludge settleability increased prior to granule formation and was not affected by different particle sizes in the sludge during the GSBR operation.It was observed,however,that the diameter of the granules ﬂuctuated over longer durations.The large granules tended to destabilize due to endogenous respiration,and broke into smaller granules that could seed the formation of large granules again.Pochana and Keller reported that physically broken sludge ﬂocs contribute to lower denitriﬁcation rates,due to their reduced anoxic zone (Pochana and Keller,1999).Therefore,TN removal efﬁciency raises ﬂuctuantly throughout the experiment.Some previous research had demonstrated that bigger,more dense granules favored the enrichment of PAO (Winkler et al.,2011a ).Hence,after day 77,removal efﬁciency of TP was higher and relatively stable because the granules mass fraction was over 90%and more larger granules formed.4.2.Relationship between AOB communities dynamic and sludge granulationFor granule formation,a short settling time was set,and only particles with a settling velocity higher than 4.5m h À1were retained in the reactor.Moreover,as shown in Fig.1,the variation in SVI 10was greater before day 41(from 108.2mL g À1e 34.1mL g À1).During this phase,large amounts of biomass could not survive in the reactor.A clear shift in pop-ulations was evident,with 58%similarity between days 8and 18(Table S1).In the SBR system fed with acetate-based synthetic wastewater,heterotrophic bacteria can produce much larger amounts of extracellular polysaccharides than autotrophic bacteria (Tsuneda et al.,2003).Some researchers found that microorganisms in high shear environments adhered by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)to resist the damage of suspended cells by environmental forces (Trinet et al.,1991).Additionally,it had been proved that the dominant heterotrophic species in the inoculating sludge were preserved throughout the process in our previous research (Zhang et al.,2011).It is well known that AOB are chemoau-totrophic and slow-growing;accordingly,numerous AOBw a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 106populations that cannot become big and dense enough to settle fast were washed out from the system.As a result,the variation in AOB was remarkable in the period of sludge inoculation,and the diversity index of population decreased rapidly.After day 45,AOB communities’structure became stable due to the improvement of sludge settleability and the retention of more biomass.These results suggest that the short settling time (selection pressure)apparently stressed the biomass,leading to a violent dynamic of AOB communities.Further,these results suggest that certain populations may have been responsible for the operational success of the GSBR and were able to persist despite the large ﬂuctuations in pop-ulation similarity.This bacterial population instability,coupled with a generally acceptable bioreactor performance,is congruent with the results obtained from a membrane biore-actor (MBR)for graywater treatment (Stamper et al.,2003).Nitrosomonas e like and Nitrosospira e like populations are the dominant AOB populations in wastewater treatment systems (Kowalchuk and Stephen,2001).A few previous studies revealed that the predominant populations in AOB communities are different in various wastewater treatment processes (Tawan et al.,2005;Thomas et al.,2010).Some researchers found that the community was dominated by AOB from the genus Nitrosospira in MBRs (Zhang et al.,2010),whereas Nitrosomonas sp.is the predominant population in bioﬁlter sludge (Yin and Xu,2009).In the currentstudy,Fig.5e DGGE proﬁle of the AOB communities in different size of granules (lane labels along the top show the range of particle diameter (d,mm)).Values along the bottom indicate the Shannon diversity index (H ).Bands labeled with the numbers were consistent with the bands in Fig.3.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 107sequence analysis revealed that selection pressure evidently effect on the survival of Nitrosospira in granular sludge.Almost all of Nitrosospira were washed out initially and had no chance to evolve with the environmental changes.However,some members of Nitrosomonas sp.have been shown to produce more amounts of EPS than Nitrosospira ,especially under limited ammonia conditions (Stehr et al.,1995);and this feature has also been observed for other members of the same lineage.Accordingly,these EPS are helpful to communicate cells with each other and granulate sludge (Adav et al.,2008).Therefore,most of Nitrosomonas could adapt to this challenge (to become big and dense enough to settle fast)and were retained in the reactor.At the end of reactor operation (day 180),granules with different particle size were sieved.The effects of variation in granules size on the composition of the AOBcommunitiesFig.6e Micrographs of FISH performed on three size classes of granule sections.DAPI stain micrographs (A,D,G);AOB appear as green ﬂuorescence (B,E,H),and NOB appear as red ﬂuorescence (C,F,I).Bar [100m m in (A)e (C)and (G)e (I).d,particle diameter.(For interpretation of the references to colour in this ﬁgure legend,the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x (2011)1e 108were investigated.As shown in Fig.5,AOB communities structures in different size of granules were varied.Although several predominant bands(bands2,5,11)were present in all samples,only bands3and6appeared in the granules with diameters larger than0.6mm.Additionally,bands7and10 were intense in the granules larger than0.45mm.According to Table2,it can be clearly indicated that Nitrosospira could be retained merely in the granules larger than0.6mm.Therefore, Nitrosospira was not present at a high level in Fig.3due to the lower proportion of larger granules(d>0.6mm)in TSS along with reactor operation.DGGE analysis also revealed that larger granules had a greater microbial diversity than smaller ones. This result also demonstrates that more organisms can survive in larger granules as a result of more space,which can provide the suitable environment for the growth of microbes(Fig.6).4.3.Effect of variance in particle size on the distribution of AOB and NOB in granulesAlthough an inﬂuence of granule size has been observed in experiments and simulations for simultaneous N-and P-removal(de Kreuk et al.,2007),the effect of granule size on the distribution of different biomass species need be revealed further with the assistance of visible experimental results, especially in the same granular sludge reactors.Related studies on the diversity of bacterial communities in granular sludge often focus on the distribution of important functional bacteria populations in single-size granules(Matsumoto et al., 2010).In the present study,different size granules were sieved,and the distribution patterns of AOB and NOB were explored.In the nitriﬁcation processes considered,AOB and NOB compete for space and oxygen in the granules(Volcke et al.,2010).Since ammonium oxidizers have a higheroxygen afﬁnity(K AOBO2<K NOBO2)and accumulate more rapidly inthe reactor than nitrite oxidizers(Volcke et al.,2010),NOB are located just below the layer of AOB,where still some oxygen is present and allows ready access to the nitrite produced.In smaller granules,the location boundaries of the both biomass species were distinct due to the limited existence space provided by granules for both microorganism’s growth.AOB exist outside of the granules where oxygen and ammonia are present.Medium granules can provide broader space for microbe multiplying;accordingly,AOB spread out in the whole granules.This result also conﬁrms that oxygen could penetrate deep into the granule’s core without restriction when particle diameter is less than0.6mm.Some mathematic model also supposed that NOBs are favored to grow in smaller granules because of the higher fractional aerobic volume (Volcke et al.,2010).As shown in the results of the batch experiments(Zhang et al.,2011),nitrite accumulation temporarily occurred,accompanied by the more large gran-ules(d>0.9mm)forming.This phenomenon can be attrib-uted to the increased ammonium surface load associated with larger granules and smaller aerobic volume fraction,resulting in outcompetes of NOB.It also suggests that the core areas of large granules(d>0.9mm)could provide anoxic environment for the growth of anaerobic denitriﬁcans(such as Tb.deni-triﬁcans or Tb.thioparus in Fig.S7,Supporting information).As shown in Fig.2and Fig.S3,the removal efﬁciency of total nitrogen increased with formation of larger granules.5.ConclusionsThe variation in AOB communities’structure was remarkable during sludge inoculation,and the diversity index of pop-ulation decreased rapidly.Most of Nitrosomonas in the inocu-lating sludge were retained because of their capability to rapidly adapt to the settling e washing out action.DGGE anal-ysis also revealed that larger granules had greater AOB diversity than that of smaller ones.Oxygen penetration was not restricted in the granules of less than0.6mm particle diameter.However,the larger granules(d>0.9mm)can result in the smaller aerobic volume fraction and inhibition of NOB growth.Henceforth,further studies on controlling and opti-mizing distribution of granule size could be beneﬁcial to the nitrogen removal and expansive application of granular sludge technology.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51108456,50908227)and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2009AA06Z312).Appendix.Supplementary dataSupplementary data associated with this article can be found in online version at doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.026.r e f e r e n c e sAdav,S.S.,Lee, D.J.,Show,K.Y.,2008.Aerobic granular sludge:recent advances.Biotechnology Advances26,411e423.APHA-AWWA-WEF,2005.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,ﬁrst ed.American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/WaterEnvironment Federation,Washington,DC.de Bruin,L.M.,de Kreuk,M.,van der Roest,H.F.,Uijterlinde,C., van Loosdrecht,M.C.M.,2004.Aerobic granular sludgetechnology:an alternative to activated sludge?Water Science and Technology49,1e7.de Kreuk,M.,Heijnen,J.J.,van Loosdrecht,M.C.M.,2005.Simultaneous COD,nitrogen,and phosphate removal byaerobic granular sludge.Biotechnology and Bioengineering90, 761e769.de Kreuk,M.,Picioreanu,C.,Hosseini,M.,Xavier,J.B.,van Loosdrecht,M.C.M.,2007.Kinetic model of a granular sludge SBR:inﬂuences on nutrient removal.Biotechnology andBioengineering97,801e815.Downing,L.S.,Nerenberg,R.,2008.Total nitrogen removal ina hybrid,membrane-aerated activated sludge process.WaterResearch42,3697e3708.Erguder,T.H.,Boon,N.,Vlaeminck,S.E.,Verstraete,W.,2008.Partial nitriﬁcation achieved by pulse sulﬁde doses ina sequential batch reactor.Environmental Science andTechnology42,8715e8720.w a t e r r e s e a r c h x x x(2011)1e109。

2000 Nature 乳腺癌分子分型的起始

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2. Kurosaki, T. Molecular mechanisms in B cell antigen receptor signaling. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9, 309± 318 (1997).
3. Chu, D. H., Morita, C. T. & Weiss, A. The Syk family of protein tyrosine kinases in T-cell activation and development. Immunol. Rev. 165, 167±180 (1998).
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2011年国家自然基金获得者名录——北京师范大学

结核分枝杆菌中Pup-蛋白酶体系统对毒素-抗毒素系统功能的调控张俊杰北京师范大学 62 基于click化学的新型99mTc标记葡萄糖类似物肿瘤分子探针的设计与合成张俊波北京师范大学 60 青少年网络成瘾的形成与戒断的脑机制研究张锦涛北京师范大学 23 植物群落物种功能多样性分析方法与应用研究张金屯北京师范大学 57 生物多样性的维持机制张大勇北京师范大学 600 沙区道路防护体系“前沿栅栏沙垄”发育模式、表面过程及其对防护体系的工程影响北京师范大学 85 张春来动物听觉核团及其端脑皮质神经发生的比较研究曾少举北京师范大学 65 化学镀法合成金属包覆的介孔碳及其在择形催化中的应用岳文博北京师范大学 30 新Besov型和Triebel-Lizorkin型函数空间理论袁文北京师范大学 22 大学生毕业前后生涯适应的追踪、Agent模拟和干预研究于海波北京师范大学 43 城市绿地系统连接度模拟与生态风险防范研究于德永北京师范大学 65 公共支出间横向影响及支出责任纵向划分：基于中国市县级数据的研究尹恒北京师范大学 44 益生元对铁质吸收的效应 - 生物利用率与调节机制杨志江北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院 42 流域水环境、水生态与综合管理杨志峰北京师范大学 600 第18届国际生态模拟学会双年会：全球变化及人类与自然耦合系统生态模拟国际会议北京师范大学 6 杨志峰北京师范大学地理学基地杨胜天北京师范大学 400 纠缠光的存储与提取及相关物理问题的研究杨国建北京师范大学 60 相关于算子的Orlicz-型函数空间的实变理论杨大春北京师范大学 45 基于心脏磁共振成像的右心室修复手术数值模拟与优化设计及其软件实现杨淳北京师范大学 45 收入分配、财富积累和财政政策效应的计算模型杨澄宇北京师范大学 42 青海共和盆地风水交互过程的观测与模拟严平北京师范大学 85 熟能生巧：记忆练习效应的神经机制及应用薛贵北京师范大学 280 区域内城乡一体化义务教育发展路线图研究薛二勇北京师范大学 19 面向创新型人才的心理学本科实验/实践教学条件的建设许燕北京师范大学 200 技术进步、职业结构变迁及其对我国城镇地区收入差距的影响邢春冰北京师范大学 21 强激光-等离子体作用下粒子加速及其PIC模拟改进谢柏松北京师范大学 55 集成时间序列多源遥感数据的叶面积指数反演方法研究肖志强北京师范大学 65 S100A7促进肺癌细胞生长的胞外作用及其与RAGE的相关性研究肖雪媛北京师范大学 63 金属-氧化物界面电子输运理论研究夏钶北京师范大学 65 盘B样条和球B样条造型的理论及其应用武仲科北京师范大学 60

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Biochemistry BNU
2008
一,名词解释
糖苷键与糖肽键别构效应离子交换层析亮氨酸拉链 DNA的熔解温度
糖原磷酸解 α-互补与蓝白筛选酶原与酶原的激活丙酮酸脱氢酶系
鸟苷四磷酸和鸟苷五磷酸
二,填空题
1,甘油磷脂的极性头基包括基与酯化的醇部分,非极性尾部包括 ,甘油磷脂通常参与形
成 ,用以作为生物膜的结构主体.
2,侧链R基在生理PH下带负电荷的氨基酸是和 ,其侧链基团可作为质子受体参与酶的
催化作用.
3,一种三肽用胰蛋白酶处理后,得到Trp与Arg两种氨基酸,则该三肽的氨基酸序列应为 .
4,在蛋白质的α螺旋结构中,氨基酸残基的侧链位于螺旋的 ,氢键的取向几乎与螺旋
轴 ; 在dna双螺旋结构中,碱基位于螺旋的 , 氢键的取向几乎与中心轴 .
5. 可用于测定蛋白相对分子质量的方法包括 , , 和等.
6. 脊椎动物激素可分为 , 固醇类激素与脂肪酸衍生物激素三类,激素主要通过与其靶
细胞膜上或细胞内的结合, 产生作用.
7. 蛋白激酶在分类上属于六大酶类中的 , 其与蛋白磷酸酶共同参与的酶活性的调控
作用称为 .
8. 磷酸吡哆醛是维生素的衍生物, 可在氨基酸的代谢反应中起到转移的作用.
9. western blotting法与southern blotting 法的共同点是而这均使用方法分离待测样品,区
别是western blotting法利用之间的作用检测样品,southern blotting 法利用之间
的作用检测样品.
10. 核苷酸通过键连接成为核酸分子,核苷酸中的碱基使核苷酸与核酸在 nm
附近具有最大紫外吸收值.
11. 在dna的复制过程中, 达成杆菌以为能源,, 动物以能源.
12. 生物体合成dna的方式有 , ,和三种.
13. 大肠杆菌不依赖于ρ因子的转录终止子具有和结构特点.
14. 氯霉素通过与结合, 抑制合成而起到抗菌作用.
15. 真核生物在转录水平上的调控主要是通过特定的和的复杂相互作用来实现.
16. 磷脂分为磷脂和磷脂两大类.
17. 催化糖酵解途径中脱氢反应的酶是 , 受体是 .
18. 酶调节三羧酸循环的效率.
19. 催化乙醛酸途径的特有的酶是和 .
20. 软脂酸合成的限速酶是 .
21. 泛酸是的组成部分而在脂代谢过程中起着十分重要的作用,
22. , 和三种氨基酸能通过EMP-TCA途径中间代谢物直接合成.
23. 由ATP提供磷酸基团,催化胞嘧啶核苷酸的酶是 .
24. 在核苷酸代谢中,别嘌呤抑制的活性.

三, 简答题
1. 简述蛋白质结构的组织层次,并指出在每级结构中用于维系和稳定该结构的主要作用力
(共价键或非共价键)
2. (1) 蛋白质的功能通常跟蛋白质与其配体的相互作用相联系, 蛋白质与配体的相互作用具
有什么特点? 请列举至少三种特点并分别举例说明:
(2) 蛋白质与核酸之间也可以相互作用,举例说明蛋白质----核酸之间的相互作用(列举至
少两种相互作用)
3. 已知乳酸脱氢酶催化如下反应:
乳酸+ NAD ---- 丙酮酸+NADH+H
(1) 试利用以下试剂与仪器中的一部分设计一种测定乳酸脱氢酶活力的方法, 并简要给出设
计依据;
试剂: 丙酮酸, NAD, NADH, Na2ＨＰＯ４，NaＨ２ＰＯ４．
仪器：天平，ｐＨ计，核酸／蛋白检测仪，紫外可见光光度计，荧光光谱仪，元二色光
谱仪，垂直板电泳槽，电泳仪．
（２）通过测定，得知在最适反应条件，在０.１ｍｌ酶样品的作用下，每１０分钟有０.３
摩尔的丙酮酸分子被还原为乳酸，式计算１ｍｌ酶样品所含的酶活力单位国际单位（ＩＵ）
（３）已知有机分子Ａ是该酶的抑制剂，试设计一种方法检测Ａ是该酶的可逆抑制剂还是不
可逆抑制剂；
（４）假设Ａ是该酶的可逆抑制剂，试设计一种方法检测Ａ是否为丙酮酸在该酶的竞争性抑
制剂．
４. 乙酰辅酶Ａ是生物代谢过程中关键物质，请简要说明在动物体内，有哪些物质通
过什么途径可产生乙酰辅酶Ａ，同时他又可通过什么代谢途径转化成哪些代谢物？
５. 在基因工程中获得木的基因的试验方法有哪些？请简述其中一种试验方法的基本原
理与操作流程．
６. 何谓基因的时序控制？请举例说明．