高中英语选修9unit2课文教学背景资料
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Backgrounds for教案 新
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Backgroundsfor教案新人教版选修91. Zheng He, a great Chinese sailorCheng Ho or Zheng He, 1371–c.1433, admiral, diplomat, and explorer during China's Ming dynasty. At 10 he was captured by Chinese troops in Yunnan, castrated, and sent int o the arm y. He rose in the ranks, became an officer, and in 1404 was named Grand Eunuch by Emperor Yung-lo. Th e following year the emper or selected him to lead the first of seven epic expeditions (1405–33) that served to expand Chinese political influence and increase its tribute and trade. Sailing to SE Asia (1405–07), he commanded 62 ships laden with porcelain, lacquer, silk, gems, and other luxury goods. Subsequently commanding treasure fleets ranging from about 50 to more than 100 vessels, some of which were 500 ft (153 m) long, he also later sailed to India, Sri Lanka, Arabia, E Africa, and Egypt. On his fourth voyage (1413–15), Cheng returned with envoys from 30 foreign states who rendered homage to the emperor and s ailed home on his sixth voyage (1421–23). Althoug h China returned to an isolationist policy after the emperor's death (1424), Cheng made one last voyage (1431–33). A controversial theor y posits that Cheng discovered the New World during his 1420s voyage, some 70 years before Columbus.2. About Marco PoloMarco Polo (September 15, 1254— January 8, 1324, Venice) was a Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father Niccolò and his uncle Maffeo, was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China (which he called Cathay) and visited the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan). His travels are written down in The Travels of Marco Polo.3. James CookJames Cook (October 27, 1728 (O.S.) – February 14, 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, and map maker. He made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which large areas were accurately charted, and several islands and coastlines recorded for the first time on European maps. His most notable accomplishments were theBritish discovery and claiming of the east coast of Australia, the European discovery of the Hawaiian Islands, and the first circumnavigation and mapping of New Zealand.。
高中英语译林选修9课件：Unit 2
Oscans settled along the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea on an elevated lavic spur that was created by an ancient eruption of Vesuvius during the 8th century B．C.The strategic location made Pompeii an object of great importance to the Estuscans.The Samnites arrived from the mountains of Irpinia in the 5th century，putting an end to the control of Campania by the Greeks and Etruscans.
Seventeen-hundred years later，architect Domenico Fontana happened across some inscriptions while building a tunnel in the area.Some excavation was done near the amphitheater at that time，but no one suspected that an entire city was buried there.The first scientific exploration of the site took place in 1748，directed by Charles of Bourbon.In 1860 Giuseppe Fiorelli invented a system of pouring liquid plaster into the spaces left in the ash bed.
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Listening课件 新人教选修9
Zheng He remarks how much the foreign kings liked porcelain and silk.
1. He brought a giraffe for the Emperor from Africa. 2. He brought scarves of fine gold decorated with pearls and precious stones.
WM: Did he find any new lands to live on?
DS: Well, he did find a good way of sailing from the Faroe Islands to Iceland using his ravens. It’s said that he took three birds on his ship with him. When he’d been sailing for a day or two towards Iceland he let the first bird go.
WM: That sounds clever! I’ve heard too about the Polynesians in the Pacific Ocean. They did some amazing voyages without any navigational instruments to help them at all. How did they do that?
➢Sail west but keep to the north of the Shetland Islands so you can hardly see them in good weather.
高中英语 Unit2Sailing the oceans-Textbook课件 新人教选修9 公开课精品课件
2 What problems would you anticipate for this journey?
I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around the Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water (unless helped by local natives the water may be contaminated and the food scarce), etc.
4 Which ones do you think are still used today? Sea charts are still used today.
Comprehending
1 Read the passage and answer the following questions. 1 What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? (B)
2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _fr_e_s_h_s_e_a_w_e_e_d_,_n_e_s_ti_n_g_b_i_rd_s__re_t_u_rn_i_n_g _h_o_m_e__in__th_e__ev_e_n_i_n_g_o_r__fo_g__ .
3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.
高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Listening exerc
WM: That _s_o_u_n_d_s_ clever! I’ve heard too about the Polynesians in the Pacific Ocean. They did some _a_m__a_zi_n_g_ _v_o_y_a_g_es_ without any navigational instruments to help them at all. How did they do that?
WM: I see! So what did they do? DS: Well, one of the things they did
was _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_ra_t_e_ _o_n_ watching
birds. There's the story of a Viking called Raven-Floki. He used to keep birds on his ships but he didn't _fe_e_d_ them. Then when he thought land was near he'd let the birds go and if they flew straight to land, all he had to do was to _f_o_ll_o_w_ them!
It _f_le_w_ back to the Faroe Islands. A day after this he let the second bird go. This flew out of sight but _ca_m__e_ b__a_ck_ to rest on the ship. Sometime after that, he let the third bird go. It _h_e_a_d_e_d_ straight for Iceland so Raven-Floki followed it and arrived there _sa_f_e_ly_.
高中(人教版)英语选修9课件：unit 2 section 2
He is at the mercy of his wife. 他任凭他妻子摆布。 She treated her stepson without mercy. 她毫不留情地对待她的继子。
minimum (1)n.[C] 最小量，最小数，最低限度，最小值 You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。 The minimum pass mark in the examinations is 60 out of 100. 考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。 (2)adj.最小的，最少的，最低的 a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格
to be (more) precise precisely adv. more precisely
确切地说，准确地说 准确地，恰好地 更确切地说，更严格地说
This room is about 20 sqms—well,19.5 sqms，to be more precise.
这个房间约20平方米，嗯，确切地说，19.5平方米。
This ship will make an around－the－world voyage. 这艘船要做一次环球航行。
辨析：trip，journey，travel，tour，voyage (1)trip 是一个用得极为广泛的词，多指短距离的旅行，也 可表示“远足”，make a trip＝make a journey 表示“旅行”。 have a trip 也是“旅行”，be/go on a trip 表示“在旅行”。 The boat trip down the Amazon was great. 沿亚马逊河乘船而下的旅程感觉真棒。
人教高中英语选修9课：Unit2SailingtheoceansUsinglanguage
8. Once we were at sea, our routine every day was the same. routine n. 例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序
When Captain Bligh returned home he was treated as a hero. It was discussed whether he should receive a special medal or not. Get into groups of four and discuss these questions. Then role-play the dialogue.
great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得清楚。 incident 附带的小事件，事端，政变 accident 意外事故 event 重大事件
e.g. How did the accident happen? 这起事故是怎么发生的？ July 7th Incident 七七事变 What were the chief events of last year? 去年主要的大事是什么？
T
•1、teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.教师的影响是永恒的;无法估计他的影响会有多 深远。
•2、gladly would learn, and gladly teach.勤于学习的人才能乐意施教。 •3、is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire. •4、好的教师是让学生发现真理，而不只是传授知识。 •5、be unboun than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune与其不受教育，不知不生，因为无知是不幸的根源。
高中英语选修9unit2 workbook(课堂PPT)
Sailing the oceans
1
Listening
1 Before listening to the tape, look at the map below. Then write down which new places Zheng He might have visited on his seven voyages.
1 ___C_a_l_ic_u_t____ 2 ___C_h_a_m__p_a_____ 3 __S_u_m__a_t_r_a___ 4 ___H_o_r_m__u_z_____ 5 ___A_d_e_n______ 6 __M__o_g_a_d_i_sh_u____
3 Read the statements and listen to the tape for the second time. Then complete the chart
Zheng He’s Voyage
nautical chart
2 Listen to the tape for the first time and tick those ports and islands mentioned in the text. Then check to see how many you got right out of the six in the pre-listening activity.
5. Foreign kings Zheng He remarks
liked Chinese
how much the foreign
porcelain and silk. kings liked porcelain
and silk.
6. He returned with strange presents for the Emperor.
高中英语选修九第二单元课件
Now you are ready to make your own Sindbad story. It will be his third adventure.
Where does the story start? Why does Sindbad leave Baghdad this
time? What happens on the voyage? Where does the adventure take place? How does he find riches? What problem does he have? How does he escape?
Place
how 3 Ending ends
Sindbad falls down a hole and lands on the beach.
it Ship passing by rescues him.
hero’s Rich (diamonds); situation Back to Baghdad
and sees the hill is
covered in diamonds.
2 Now in pairs you are going to devise an ending for the story. Remember that you want the escape to be as exciting as possible but without using magic. Be prepared to tell your ending together to the rest of the class.
Sample dialogue
S1: Where do you think Sindbad should go this time? He seems to have travelled to tropical islands and other strange places. Perhaps he should go to Antartica this time. S2: A good idea. He can set off from Baghdad and get carried by a strong wind to colder parts. His ship can be hit by an iceberg and he is the only survivor on an iceberg.
译林牛津版高中英语选修9课件 Unit 2 Welcome 课件
While the pace of change in the modern world gets faster and faster, people are becoming more and more aware of the need to preserve the world’s cultural heritage. 1) while conjunction during the time that, or at the same time as: 当…..时候，在此期间 I read it while you were drying your hair. While I was in Italy I went to see Alessandro. I thought I heard him come in while we were having dinner.
while (ALTHOUGH) conjunction despite the fact that; although: 虽然
While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I d
Angkor Wat
Where was the temple complex built? (In Cambodia) When was it built? (In the early years of the 12th century.) Why was it built? (It was built to honour the Hindu god Vishnu.)
What is Suzhou famous for? (It is famous for its splendid scenery, especially its classical gardens.) Of all the gardens, which impressed you most?
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高中英语选修9unit2课文教学背景资料
库克(James Cook 1728-1779，图(6.140))1728年10月27日出生於
英国，他十几岁的时后，在一个航海家庭当学徒。1755年投入大英
皇家海军，擅长於航海。
1768年英国皇家伦敦学会与海军部组织一个太平洋探测队，要到大
溪地(Tahiti)，观测记录金星通过太阳与地球之间的过程，这种天象观
测有助於科学家计算太阳与地球的距离。这个航行任务，英国皇家海
军任命当时年仅40岁的库克少校当舰长，指挥探测之航行，他的探
测船叫奋进号(H.M.S Endeavour，船长98呎，排水量368吨，图
(6.141)和图(6.142)) (注: H.M.S. = His/Her Majesty's Ship 英国军
舰)。库克舰长身边还携带有秘密任务之指令，要等到观测金星凌日
任务完成后，才能打开指令的信封。
1768年8月25日载著94位船员和科学家，由普利茅斯(Plymouth)
港出发，航向南大西洋，经过麦哲伦海峡，来到南太平洋的大溪地
(Tahiti)如图(6.142)。在航行期间，库克舰长很注重船员的健康，确
定船上保有新鲜蔬果，而且规定每天要吃洋葱和腌白菜，船员每天要
洗澡，换洗衣服，床铺也要经常曝晒，住舱保持空气流通。虽然他不
懂这次探测的科学道理，但是他懂得在船上如何预防坏血症和其他可
能发生的疾病。
1769年4月11日，提早几个礼拜到达大溪地。经过几周的观测金星
凌日过程，终於6月3日完成任务。这时库克舰长打开英国皇家海军
的秘密任务指令，是要他去找寻传说中的南方大陆，并宣告为英国领
土。因为早在1570年代，地图绘制者就假设地球南北半球的陆地分
布有平衡性，相信地球南北极，各有一个主要大陆。在17世纪时，
也曾有荷兰探险家寻找过南方大陆，但一直没有找到。假如真有南方
大陆的存在，英国皇家海军相信库克舰长会找到它。
7月13日奋进号离开大溪地，继续向南及西南航行，去找寻传说中
的南方大陆，结果在10月6日发现纽西兰，当地的土著毛利人(Maori)
很不友善，奋进号被迫向他们开火。库克舰长费了六个月的时间测绘
完成纽西兰航海图，证实纽西兰是个岛，而不是南方大陆的一部分。
离开纽西兰之后，往西继续寻找南方大陆当中，发现澳洲，库克舰长
就沿岸探勘，1770年4月9日奋进号来到澳洲东北海岸外的大堡礁
(Great Barrier Reef，世界最大暗礁)搁浅。
6月11日库克舰长下令将奋进号舱内的压载、加农炮、薪柴和枪管
等约50吨的东西抛下海，费了一天的工夫，才把船浮起，开到近岸
的河口坐滩(该河现在叫奋进河(Endeavour River))，船员们赶紧堵漏
修理船底，保住奋进号不至於沉没(图(6.144))。再经过几个月的沿岸
探测，库克舰长研判澳洲不是南方的大陆。
1770年10月离开澳洲，前往东印度群岛的爪哇(Java)，取道印度洋
返航。到达爪哇时，船员纷纷得疟疾和痢疾，虽然库克舰长重视船员
的饮食和卫生，但这些努力都无济於这些疾病。来到南非时已有30
名船员病死，库克舰长不得不再雇用当地船员，把船继续开回英国。
1771年7月10日奋进号终於回到英国的Dover港，将近三年的时
间，环球航行一周(图(6.143))，完成在大溪地的金星淩日观测，随后
发现纽西兰和澳洲。这些成果晋见国王时，献给英皇乔治三世(King
George III)，库克舰长也因此晋升为海军中校。
库克舰长第二次探险航行
1772年7月-1775年7月库克舰长进行第二次探险航行，为其三次
探险航行中最重要的一次。他的探险船队是英格兰北部 Whitby 郡所
制造有名的木制帆船，旗舰叫果决号(Resolution)，船长111呎，带
有船员及科学家共111人，随船叫探险号(Adventure)，船长97呎，
带有船员及科学家共80人。他的任务是去寻找传说中的南方大陆及
环球航行。
这次船队备有经度仪，以便在无海图的大洋中，精确的测知船的位置。
船队於1772年7月13日自英国的Plymouth出发，向南航经好望角，
向南极方向航行。1773年1月第一次穿越南极圈，但太多的冰块阻
碍航行。於是船队转向较暖和的水域，向东航行到纽西兰及尔后的大
溪地稍事停留。
1773年9月23日航行中发现一群岛屿，库克舰长就以英国当时皇家
海军总司令Augustus John Hervey的名字命为Hervey Islands，后
来世人还是称为库克群岛(Cook Islands )(现在是纽西兰的属地，但政
治独立)。之后继续往西航行，绘制东加岛(Tonga Island)的航海图。
1773年11月库克舰长的旗舰果决号再度往南去寻找南方大陆，1774
年1月再度到达南极圈，是首位到达最南方的探险家，仍然看不到南
极大陆。这时与果决号分开的发现号就独自回英国去了。
果决号再往较暖和的太平洋水域继续探险，除了在澳洲东方的太平洋
上发现 New Caledonia Island外，在回程中的大西洋上，发现South
Georgia Island 及South Sandwish Islands。於1775年7月29日
回到英国，完成向东航行环球一周(图(6.143))。
manchesterm123
库克舰长第三次探险航行
库克舰长的第三次探险航行(图(6.143))，也是最后一次，是从1776
年7月12日开始，他的旗舰也是果决号(Resolution)，船员112人。
他的随船叫发现号(Discover)，船员70人。这次探险航行主要是去
找传说中的西北航道，但他与先前的探险家试图寻找西北航道方式不
同，他不从大西洋向西去找，而是从太平洋去找。所以他先到太平洋
上熟悉的岛屿如纽西兰和大溪地稍事停留后，继续往北航行，在1778
年1月18日第一次看到夏威夷群岛，他就以他朋友的名字Earl of
Sandwich称呼三明治群岛(后来世人还是称夏威夷岛群岛)。到达夏
威夷岛时，当地的土著没看过这麼大的船，也没看过欧洲人类，都划
船很友善地来到他们的船边，把库克舰长当神，把船员当超级人类来
看待。之后库克舰长发现太平洋上很多岛屿上的住民，有共同的语言
和生活习惯。也很惊讶这些波里尼西亚人(Polynesians)如何散布到这
些岛屿之上。的确不仅欧洲人是个远洋民族，波尼西亚人早在几千年
前，就有他们自己的探险活动。
库克舰长在夏威夷停留两周和当地土著做些联谊和交易之后，船队再
往北航行，3月7日来到现在美国的奥利冈州，再沿岸往北到阿拉斯
加，再往西通过白令海峡。约在8月间，库克舰长探险观察的结论，
是根本没有所谓西北航道的存在。所以回头往西南方向较暖和的海域
过冬。
1779年1月17日库克舰长的船队再度到夏威夷上岸，但这次受欢迎
的情况已大不如前。当2月4日库克舰长决定离开夏威夷后，情势开
始紧张恶化，也命该如此。首先果决号(Resolution)在夏威夷附近的
一场暴风雨中，前桅杆被吹断了；当船队於2月11日回到开夏威夷
修理时，当地的土著已不高兴再见到英国人了；船队的一艘小艇也被
偷了。库克舰长因此抓了一位夏威夷酋长当人质，直到小艇归还为止。
在2月14日那一天，当库克舰长和他随员被愤怒呐喊的土著包围时，
库克舰长带著人质试图离开，并以信号通知在海上的小脡过来支援，
但缓不济急，这时库克舰长背后被一个土著刺了一刀，当他不支倒地
时，几十个土著一起围上来以刀棍当场把库克舰长杀死。
库克舰长的一生在海洋上的贡献非凡，他是绘制澳洲海岸地图的第一
位探险家；他曾经发现很多太平洋的群岛而且绘制海图；他首先利用
经度仪在海上很精确测定船位者；他是发现治疗坏血症的第一位船
长；他是第一位在他之前航行到最南方的探险者；他也是第一位证明
没有所谓西北航道的航海探险家。