代词讲解
代词
一、学习目标：
知识目标：1. 了解代词的分类
2. 重点掌握人称代词、物主代词、不定代词和反身代词
能力目标：学会正确运用各类代词。
情感目标：帮助同学们进行知识的归纳总结，拓宽知识面。
二、重点、难点：
1. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法；
2. 常见的不定代词的用法；
三、考情分析：
近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对代词的考查主要集中在下面三个方面：
1. 不定代词的用法；
2. 物主代词的用法；
3. 人称代词的宾格。
四、知能提升：
（一）知识讲解
代词是用来代替名词并起名词作用的词。代词可分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。
I. 人称代词
人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。人称代词有人称、数、格的变化，分为主格、宾格。见下表：
人称
单数复数
主格宾格所有格主格宾格所有格
第一人称I me my we us our 第二人称you you your you you your
第三人称he him his
they them their she her her
it it its
人称代词的用法
（1）主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。
He is a student. （he是主格，作句子的主语）
We don’t know him. （him是宾格，作动词know的宾语）
Mr Wang is waiting for us outside. （us是宾格，作介词for的宾语）
【考题链接】
①I’m going skating. Would you like to go with ?
A. me
B. I
C. my
D. mine
答案：A
解题思路：句意是“我打算去滑冰，你愿意和我一起去吗？”介词with后需要接代词作宾语。my和mine意为“我的”，不符合题意。I是主格，而me是宾格，可以作宾语。故
选A。
②—Who’s your English teacher?
—Miss Gao. She teaches English very well.
A. our
B. us
C. ours
D. we
答案：B
解题思路：固定短语teach sb. sth.“教某人某事”，teach后接双宾语，其中人称代词要用宾格形式。所以选B。
（2）it作人称代词的用法。
①代表不知性别的孩子或婴儿或只闻其声、不见其人的人。
The bell rings again. Go and see who it is.
【考题链接】
—Who is singing in the next room?
—must be Maria.
A. It
B. She
C. This
D. There
答案：A
解题思路：句意为“谁在隔壁唱歌？”“肯定是Maria。”对只闻其声、不见其人的人用it。
②用来指时间、天气、气候、距离等。
It is ten thirty now.
It was snowing this morning.
It’s warm in this room.
How far is it from here to the park?
③作形式主语和形式宾语。
It is hard for me to work out the problem.
I find it hard to learn English well.
【考题链接】
Most young people find exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案：A
解题思路：在这个句子中it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。常用句型为“主语+think / consider / find + it + adj. + to do sth.”
［即学即练］
1. Do you know the girl between Mary and ?
A. she
B. I
C. his
D. me
2. isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That
B. Which
C. It
D. This
A. He, you and I
B. You, he and I
C. I, you and he
D. I, he and you
4. We find impossible to get there before 8 o’clock.
A. her
B. it
C. this
D. that
5. Yesterday was Dad’s birthday. I gave a scarf as a present.
A. he
B. him
C. his
II.物主代词
一）物主代词的分类
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代
数
人称种类
单数复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
形容词性物主
代词
my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代
词
mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的
二）物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词之前作定语。例如：
I love my family.
Is this your bike?
【考题链接】
Mary has got a lovely dog. name is Oliver. (it)
答案：Its
解题思路：name是名词，前面应该填写的是形容词性的物主代词作定语。
名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语以及与“of”连用。
1. 名词性物主代词用作主语。
This is your bike. Mine is there.
—Are these their sweaters?
—No, theirs are on the bed.
2. 名词性物主代词用作宾语。
He likes his coat. I like mine (= my coat).
My pen is broken. May I use yours (= your pen)?
3. 名词性物主代词用作表语。
This is my book. That is yours.
Whose bag is it? It’s his.
4. 名词性物主代词与“of”连用。（属双重所有格的一种形式）
Tom is an old friend of mine.
[练一练]
We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of .
A. us
B. our
C.ours
D.ourselves
【考题链接】
—Excuse me, is this watch?
—No, it’s not . It’s Tom’s.
A. your; my
B. yours; mine
C. you; it
D. your; mine
答案：D
解题思路：第一个空应该用形容词性物主代词your修饰名词watch，因为形容词性物主
代词用作定语，放在名词前，因此可排除B、C。第二空应用名词性物主代词，因为名词性物主代词单独使用，相当于一个名词的作用，所以排除A。故选D。
［即学即练］
1. —Is this your bike, David?
—No, it’s not. It’s Helen’s.
A. his
B. yours
C. mine
D. hers
2. —Who is the best friend of ?
—I think Mary is.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
3. Don’t worry about the children. They can take care of .
A.ourselves
B. themselves
C. yourself
D.yourselves
4. Something is wrong with your car. Don’t worry, you can use .(we)
III. 指示代词（this, that, these, those）
1)指示代词的基本用法：在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
This is a good idea. （作主语）
= This idea is good.（作定语）
What he wants is that/this.（作表语）
You like this but I like that.（作宾语）
2)指示代词的特殊用法：
1. 指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。
This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree.
These are my friends, and that is my sister.
2. this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物；that和those多指前面讲过的事物。
I will say this to you: he is an honest man.
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
3. 在打电话时，this表示“我”，that表示“你”。
—Hello! This is Mike. Who’s that?
—Hello! This is John.
4. that 和those 可用来代替前面提到过的名词，以免重复，that代替单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词。
The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.
The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin.
【考题链接】
The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jim’s.
A. it
B. that
C. ones
D. those
解题思路：在表示比较的句子中指代单数的人或物时用that，指代复数的人或物时用those。本题中指代的是比较的另一方pears，故选those。
［即学即练］
1. —Hello, who’s ?
—Hello, is Mary speaking.
A. this, that
B. that, this
C. this, this
D. that, that
2. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. its
3. There was something wrong with my bike. is why I was late. A. That B. This C. These D. Those
IV . 反身代词
反身代词指动作返回到动作执行者本身或进行强调，表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”。与人称代词一样，反身代词的人称、数要与它所 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称
yourself
yourselves 第三人称
（宾格+self/selves ） himself herself
itself
themselves
1. 反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。 A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.
= A few days later, I had to go to Paris myself. (作同位语)
She bought herself a new bag. (作动词的宾语)
He’s not worried about himself. (作介词的宾语)
2. 反身代词与by 连用，意为“独自”。 Can you cook dinner by yourself?
3. 带有反身代词的常用短语。
teach oneself 自学
help oneself to 随便吃/喝些……
say to oneself 自言自语
learn…by oneself = teach oneself 自学……
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 【考题链接】
1. —Did you enjoy at the party, Jimmy? —Yes, Mum. I enjoyed very much.
A. yours; ourselves
B. yourselves; myself
C. yourself; myself
D. yourselves; ourselves 答案：C
解题思路：由答语中的“I ”推知两空都应用单数形式的反身代词，再由句意可判断应选C 。
A. herself
B. himself
C. themselves
D. ourselves 答案：D
解题思路：句意为“John 和Dicky 太忙了没法帮助咱们，咱们自己做吧。” ［即学即练］
1. The little boy asked , “What should I do?” A. he B. himself C. his
2. —What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?
反身代词是由人称代词或物主代词加后缀-self 或-selves 构成，有人称和数的变化。
如果是人称代词的宾格作宾语，则
主语和宾语不是指同一个人或物。
She bought her a new bag.
(her 指另外一个人)
比较：
I went to the supermarket by myself.
I went to the supermarket myself.
by oneself 相当于alone 或with help ，意
思是“我独自一个人在没有别人的帮助
下去的那里”；
onesel 强调不需要别人去，某人自己去。
—I made it by .
A. me
B. himself
C. myself
D. itself
3. I guess Tom and his sister Gina enjoyed at the party.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
D. themselves
V. 不定代词
不指明所代替的名词，而起到名词或形容词作用的代词叫不定代词。不定代词有名词性和形容词性之分，既可起名词的作用，也可起形容词的作用；并有可数与不可数的区别。常见不定代词的用法
一）one和it的用法
为了避免同一名词重复使用，常用one或it来代替前面提到的某个单数名词。其区别是：it只能用来指物，它所代替的东西是前面提到过的那件特指的某物，指的是同类同物。one 用来代替前面刚提到的同类事物，但不是同一件；one的前面可用the, this, that, which以及形容词等词修饰。
I lost my pen yesterday. I want to buy a new one.
I bought a new pen yesterday, and I gave it to my sister.
【考题链接】
1. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ?
—In Shanghai. Do you want to have like this?
A. it; one
B. it; it
C. one; it
D. one; one
答案：A
解题思路：句意为“你的手表很漂亮，在哪儿买的呀？”“在上海。你想买一个这样的吗？”在表示替代时，it指上文出现的那个名词；one指代与上文名词一类的事物之一。根据句意，应选A。
2. —Two Evening Papers, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have , sir?
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
答案：B
解题思路：句意为“请拿两份《晚报》”“只剩一份了，您想要吗，先生？”指代上文提到的那份报纸，应用it。
［即学即练］
1. Your MP4 is quite cheap. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too.
A. one; one
B. it; it
C. it; one
D. one; it
2. —Do you like Lucy’s new skirt?
—Yes, very much. I’ll ask Mum to buy for me.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
some 和any 可与可数名词的复数和不可数名词连用。some及其合成词somebody, something一般用于肯定句中。any及其合成词anybody, anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
There are some birds in the tree.
There is some water in the bottle.
I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
Is there any tea in the cup?
但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some/something。
Would you like something to eat?
What about some fruit juice?
【考题链接】
Be quiet! I have to tell you.
A. important anything
B. anything important
C. important something
D. something important
答案：D
解题思路：形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词后面，先排除A、C；又因为something 用在肯定句中，anything用在否定句中，故选D。
［即学即练］
1. I’m hungry. I want to eat.
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing
2. —Do you want more tea?
—Yes, please.
A. many
B. much
C. any
D. some
三）all和both
1. both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。
Her parents are both doctors.
They both like potatoes.
2. all“全体／大家／一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。
All of us are from China. (of不能省，即all不能直接带代词)
= We are all from China.
All the food is delicious.
【考题链接】
There are many tall buildings on sides of the street.
A. either
B. all
C. both
答案：C
解题思路：句意为“在街道两旁有很多高大建筑物”。either 表示两者中的任意一个，后跟单数名词，排除A；all表示三者或三者以上，不符合题意；故选C. both两者都。［即学即练］
1. I had to buy these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A. all
B. none
C. both
D. neither
2. —Which tie is more suitable for me, the red one or the blue one?
—I have no idea. You’d better take them .
A. all
B. each
C. every
D. both
3. Their parents are (both, all, either) teachers.
many 只能和复数可数名词连用可作主语、宾语、表语和定语much 只能和不可数名词连用主要用于否定句和疑问句中
只能和可数名词连用可作主语、宾语、定语等
a few（肯定）
few（否定）
只能和不可数名词连用可作主语、宾语、定语等
a little（肯定)
little（否定）
数；much可以代替或修饰不可数名词。
Many of the students come from England.
He has much to do.
2. few(+复数名词)，little(+不可数名词)表示“没多少／很少”(表否定)。
There were few people in the street last night.
I am very worried that I have little time to finish the job.
3. a few(+复数名词)，a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些／有几个”(表肯定)。
I can see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge.
【考题链接】
—Good morning, Mr Brown. Would you please tell me the result of the exam?
—OK. You did quite well. You’ve made mistakes.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little.
答案：A
解题思路：由答语的前句意思“你做得很好”可知错误很少，且mistake是可数名词，故只能选择修饰可数名词且表否定意义的few。
［即学即练］
1. Engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city.
A. Many
B. Much
C. A little
D. A lot
2. There’s sauce left in the bottle. Would you go to the corner market to get ?
A. a little; some
B. a little; any
C. little; some
D. little; any
3. A lot of story books are on sale, but are good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
4. The text is easy for you. There are new words in it.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
5. There is fish left. Help yourself to it.
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few
五）one, other, others, the others, another等的用法
○→●（one…the other…）表示只有两者的情况下，一个与另一个的关系。
I have two friends．One is a teacher and the other is a doctor.
○→●●●（one…the others…）侧重列举多数人或物中的一个与其余全部。
They have four children. One is a girl and the others are boys.
○→○○●○○（one….another…）侧重在三个或三个以上的人或物中选择其中任意一个。
I don’t like this pair of shoes. Would you please show me another pair？
○○○→●●●●（some…the others…）列举多数人或物中的一部分和其余全部。
Some students are reading and the others are drawing pictures.
○○○→○○●●●（some…others…）列举多数人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些（不是全部）。
Last Sunday, some students went to the Great Wall. Others stayed at home.
【考题链接】
—What about this T-shirt?
—I don’t like the color. Please show me one.
A. other
B. the other
C. another
D. each other
答案：C
解题思路：other“另外的”，后面用可数名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个。题干说不喜欢这件T恤衫的颜色，请再拿一件，卖T恤衫的不可能只有两件，所以选C。each other“互相”，不符合题意。
［即学即练］
1. Mrs White has two children. is a driver, and is a nurse.
A. One; another
B. One; the other
C. One; other
D. One; others
2. Remember not to lend this computer to .
A. other
B. the other
C. others
D. another
3.I have six coloured pencils; one is blue, another is red, and are green.
A. others
B. other’s
C. other
D. the others
4. A: Did all the students in your class pass the test?
B: Some of them did. didn’t.
A. Another
B. The others
C.Some other
D. Others
VI. 疑问代词
疑问代词是指5个“wh”：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）, what（什么）, which （哪个）。主要用来构成特殊疑问句。
疑问代词意义作用例句
who 谁作主语，用来指人Who is the girl under the tree?
Who is not here?
whom 谁作宾语，用来指人Whom are you writing to?
Whom do you want to see?
whose 谁的用来指所属关系，如果
作定语，一般后接名词Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes?
which 哪个，哪些用来指人或物在一定范
围限制之内进行选择Which girl will be in the meeting? Which hat is Lily’s?
what 什么通常指物，一般用在未
指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is it in the teacher’s room?
［即学即练］
1. —is your favorite sportsman?
—Liu Xiang.
A. How
B. When
C. Who
D. Which
2. —Could you tell us to do next?
—Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what
B. when
C. why
D. how
（答题时间：40分钟）
I. 用适当的代词填空。
1. 用适当的人称代词填空。
Lily: Jim, could help , please?
Jim:What’s wrong with ?
Lily:think my model ship is broken.
Jim: Let see.
Lily: Can mend ?
Jim: Sorry. You can ask Tom for help.
2. 用适当的物主代词填空。
Linlin: Whose is this sweater? It looks like , Meimei.
Meimei: No, it isn’t . I think it’s Mary’s. Mary can’t find sweater.
3. 用适当的不定代词填空。
⑴—Who’s in the classroom?
— . All the students are on the playground.
⑵I don’t know about the accident. I have to do with it.
4. 用适当的指示代词、反身代词或疑问代词填空。
⑴—Is Mrs Brown speaking?
—Yes. Who’s ?
—is Mary. May I speak to John?
⑵—teaches you French?
—We teach .
II. 单项选择
﹡1. Please come in and make at home, boys!
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. yours
2. —My pen is lost and I can’t find it anywhere.
—So you will have to buy .
A. it
B. few
C. one
D. any
3. When you see Tom and his sister, tell that mother is waiting for them at the gate.
A. his; his
B. her; hers
C. them; their
D. his; her
﹡4. —Did Lily make the cake by ?
—Yes, she did.
A. yourself
B. herself
C. myself
D. himself
5. There is milk in my glass. Could you get some for me?
A. many
B. little
C. few
D. a few
﹡6. —Who knocked at the door?
—I’ve no idea. I didn’t ask who was.
A. he
B. that
C. she
D. it
﹡7. —How many more oranges can I have?
—You can have one more. are for Tom.
A. The others
B. Another
C. Others
D. None
A. important anything
B. anything important
C. important something
D. something important
9. —school is much larger than .
—I don’t think so.
A. Your; our
B. Your; ours
C. Yours; ours
D. Yours; our
﹡10. The price of a cup of coffee is higher than of a glass of tea.
A. it
B. those
C. one
D. that
11. —Do you like Lucy’s new skirt?
—Yes, very much. I’ll ask Mum to buy for me.
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
﹡12. We find impossible to get there before 8 o’clock.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. her
13. —Were your parents at home last night?
—No. We went to Grandma’s birthday party.
A. both
B. all
C. neither
D. none
14. is here. Let’s begin our meeting.
A. Everybody
B. Somebody
C. Anybody
D. Nobody
15. Some students are sitting in the classroom while are playing on the playground.
A. the other
B. others students
C. others
D. other of the students
16. —Have you got a ruler?
—Yes, I have . I bought yesterday.
A. one; it
B. it; one
C. it; it
D. one; one
17. Would you like cup of tea, please?
A. some
B. any
C. another
D. some more
18. do you like best, pork, chicken or beef?
A. What
B. Which
C. Who
D. Whose
﹡19. The old man has friends. So he often feels lonely.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
20. There is a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know it is?
A. what
B. who
C. whose
D. whom
I. 1. you; me; you; I; me; you; it
2. yours; mine; her
3. ⑴Nobody; ⑵anything; nothing
4. ⑴that; that; This ⑵Who; ourselves
II. 1-5 CCCBB 6-10 DADBD 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 ACBAC
解析：
1. 句意：孩子们，请进，请随便。make oneself at home意思是：（如同在家一般）随便些，
不必客气。
4. 句意：是Lily自己做的蛋糕吗？是的。by oneself意思是：依靠某人自己。
6. 句意：谁敲门呀？我不知道。我没问是谁。对只闻其声、不见其人的人用代词it。
7. the others 表示剩余的全部。
10. 在含有比较级的句子中，that代替单数名词或不可数名词。
12. it 作形式宾语，后面的动词不定式是真正的宾语。
19. 句意：那个老人没有什么朋友。所以他经常感到孤独。few用来修饰可数名词，表示
否定的概念。
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Unit 1《school life 》 Grammar （1） 定语从句(Attributive Clause) Ⅰ 根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 Ⅱ 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词. 定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair 或a girl who has blonde hair 。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as 或关系副词when/ where/ why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1. You are the right man whom we are looking for. 2. I’ve spent all the money that was given by my parents. 3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party. 4. This is the factory where the machines are made. 前置定语 后置定语 my book a holiday of seven days a seven-day holiday something important a good holiday a country developing fast a toy factory a book written by Lu Xun a developing country a book to be published a developed country a book which was written by J.K. Rowling 1先行词（名词或代词） 2关系词 3关系词在从句中充当成分 relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. ,pred.) (that 指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m) 指人/ whose) This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling. relative adv. (as adverbial) (when / where / why) Ⅲ 定语从句的必备三要素
【初中英语】 代词专项讲解及练习(1)
必备英语【初中英语】代词专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语代词 1．The old man is ill and he doesn't feel like ______________. A. to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：这位老人病了，他不想吃任何东西。feel like doing sth想要做某事，固定搭配，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句，这里是否定句，用anything，故答案为D。 【点评】考查固定搭配和不定代词。注意something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句。 2．— It's very cold today. — Yes, the weather is much colder than ________ in my hometown. A. that B. one C. it 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——今天非常冷。——是的，天气比我家乡的天气冷许多。根据句意可知是今天的天气和家乡的天气比较，weather天气，不可数名词，所以用that代指不可数名词，故选A。 【点评】考查代词辨析，注意平时识记比较时用that代指不可数名词。 3．We should not give up. ________ we do, we must try our best. A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我们不应该放弃。无论我们做什么，我们都必须尽力。A 无论什么时候；B 无论那里；C 无论什么；D 无论怎样。根据题干中的…we do，we must try our best可知此句需要代词，做do的宾语，故选C。 【点评】考查代词whatever的基本含义及用法。注意区分whenever，wherever，whatever 以及however的不同。 4．The bird can't fly. _____ of its wings were hurt. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：这只鸟不会飞。它的两个翅膀受伤了。 A.两者都；B.都，三者或者三者以上；C. （两者中）任一的；D.两者都不。根据常识可知，鸟应该有两个翅膀，故排除B；either of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；both of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；根据The bird can't fly.和后面的系动词为复数were可知，此处指的是鸟的两个翅膀都受伤了。故选A。 【点评】考查代词辨析。注意理解单词词义，理解句意。
(完整)高中英语代词讲解
高中英语代词用法小结 代词可以分为下列九类：1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词）6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。 在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二、物主代词 1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如my brother 名词性的物主代词可以作： 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 ※3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
代词讲解
模块二代词 一．概念、分类。 1．概念：主要用来代替名词。 2．分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。二．人称代词及其用法。 人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1 如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) That’s it.(就那么回事)/ It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时, 可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。 如：--Who is it?(是谁？)–It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you →he→I”的顺序表达。 如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我)
5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、 温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使 用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) —It’s fine.(天气晴好) --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 三．物主代词及其用法。 说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 词。如： Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望 阿姨) They are their books.(是他们的书) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句 子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名 词。如： This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪 儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室
初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解-练习及标准答案
定语从句１——关系代词引导的定语从句 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.ｅvery dａy& eｖerｙdaｙ evｅry dａｙ“每天”，作时间状语。eveｒydａy是形容词,“每天的,日常的”。 eg: She lｅarns sｏｍe eｖeryday Ｅnｇlish eｖeｒｙday. 她每天学一些日常英语。 He goｅs to bed ｌaｔe every ｄaｙ．他每天睡觉很晚。 ２．betwｅｅn& amｏng bｅtｗeeｎ常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间 amonｇ一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。 eｇ: Toｍis beｔween Ａnn and Maｒy.汤姆在安和玛丽之间。 Ｔheｙtａｌｋedａmoｎg tｈemｓｅlvｅs whiｌe thｅｙwａiｔｅd. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话 【固定搭配】tｏdo／doiｎg 在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同?1.forgｅt ｔo do 忘记做某事I’m sorｒｙ I ｆorgot tｏ poｓt tｈe lｅtteｒ． forgeｔ doinｇ做过某事忘了 I forgot teｌｌing hiｍｔhｅｎews ｔhe ｏther day. ?2. ｓtop ｔo do 停下来做某事He stoｐpeｄ to tａlｋ to ｍe ｗheｎ he saw me iｎ the ｓtreｅt yesｔerｄay. ｓtop doｉｎｇ停止做某事Ｐｌeａse stop talkinｇｌoudly ｉｎ the library. 3.try tｏ do 尽力做某事I’ｌl ｔry tｏ get there bｅforｅｓｕnｓet.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。 try ｄｏing 试着做某事Ｗhy ｎoｔ tｒy kｎockiｎg aｔ the baｃｋ door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？ 4．ｒegrｅt to do 遗憾地将做某事 I rｅgret ｔo say ｔhａt Ｉcan’t gｏ with you. reｇreｔ doing 后悔做过某事I rｅgreｔｍｉssiｎg ｓuch a good cｈａｎce of praｃtｉsiｎｇ my spｏkｅｎ Engliｓｈ. 【关系代词引导的定语从句】 (一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：１）Thｅman wｈｏliｖeｓnｅxｔtｏus iｓ a ｐoliceman. 2)Yｏu must ｄｏeｖeryｔhｉng that I do. 上面两句中的maｎ和ｅｖerｙthinｇ是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词ｔｈat，which,who(宾格whom,所有格whｏｓe）和关系副词ｗhe ｒe, when、whｙ 、引导定语从句2、代替先行词３、在定语从句中担当一个成分 (二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 １.who指人，在从句中做主语 (１)Tｈe ｂoys who aｒe playinｇfootball arｅfrom CｌasｓOne.
英语代词专项及解析
英语代词专项及解析 一、初中英语代词 1．If we have too___________ fat and sugar, we will be in poor health. A. few B. little C. many D. much 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：如果我吃太多的脂肪和糖，我不会健康。A.少数几个，修饰可数 名词；B.一点，修饰不可数名词；C.许多，修饰可数名词；D.许多修饰不可数名词fat and sugar是不可数名词，故排除AC，根据we will be in poor health.可知是吃太多的脂肪和糖，故答案是D。 2．— What kind of books do you like? —I like the books are about powerful and successful people. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢什么样的书？——我喜欢那些关于有权势和成功人士 的书。A：that 没有词义，关系代词，作主语或宾语；B：who谁，作主语或宾语；C：whom谁，宾格，用在介词之后；D：whose谁的，作定语；由句子结构可知，是定语从句，先行词books，指物，在参加中作主语，要用关系代词that。故选A。 【点评】考查关系代词的辨析。理解关系代词的用法，根据句子结构，选择正确的关系代词。 3．—I'm sorry I made some mistakes in my exam. —It doesn't matter. ________ makes mistakes. A. Somebody B. None C. Everybody D. Nobody 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我在考试中犯了一些错。——没关系。每个人都会 出错。Somebody某人，none没有人，everybody每个人，nobody没有人。根据It doesn't matter可知，对于考试犯错是没有关系的，因此表示每个人都会出错，故答案选C。 【点评】考查代词，everybody每个人。 4．Some questions in the exam are _______ difficult that ______ students can work them out. A. such; few B. such; little C. so; little D. so; few 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：考试中的一些问题是如此难，以至于几乎没有学生能做出来。so…that…如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词；such…that…如此……以至于……，such修饰名词；第一空根据空后为形容词可知，此处应该用so修饰；few很少，几乎没有，表示否定意思，修饰可数名词；little很少，几乎没有，表示否定意思，修饰不可数名词。第二空根据空后为可数名词复数可知，应该用few修饰，故选D。 【点评】考查短语辨析和代词辨析。注意区分so…that…和such…that…，区分few和little
代词详解+例句
A . Neither 【答案】C B . None C. Any D . Either 【解析】 考查代词：A . Neither 两者都不，B . None 三者以上都不，C. Any 三者任何一个, D . Either 两者任何一个，从后面的 all 看出路是三条以上，句意是: 子？-你喜欢走哪条就走哪条，距离上都是一样的。选 --你想走哪条路去村 Co 4. ----Which of these resorts do you like best? —— ____ . They are both hot and crowded. A . Either B . Nothing C. Neither 【答案】D D . None 【解析】 考查情景交际和不定代词。 这些旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个？ ” 一个也不喜欢。他们既炎热又 拥挤。"答语中的both ...and 修饰的是hot 和crowded ，不要误以为是两者。根据问句中的 these 可知，是三者以上，排除 A 、C ； nothing 什么也没有”；none 一个也没有”。故选 Do 5. - Which of the two drivers is to blame for the accident? .It ' s the cyclist 's fault. 代词详解+例句 一、单项选择代词 1. — Have Max and Tina sold out all the En glish dict ion aries? —Yes, comp letely. _____ is left. A. None C. No one 【答案】A 【解析】 考查代词及状语从句。句中 it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为 to leave things where you can find them easily ; where 引导地点状语从句，选 3. -Which of the ways should I take to the village? -.way as you pl ease. All seem to be equal in dista nee . B . Nothing D . Neither who 。 none 具体指什么 考查代词。no one 只能指人，但不具体指什么人，一般用来回答 how many 。句意：卖完所有的英语字典了吗？是的，全部卖完了, 人或物，一般用来回答 没有一本剩下来。故选 A 。 2. You should make a rule to leave things you can find them easily. A . it; where 【答案】A B . it; then C. that; there D . this; when A 。