Gleam,Glimmer,Glint,Glitter,Shimmer等词的辨析
英语翻译中的词汇辨析
“闪光”之说： 1、shine: 照耀，指光稳定发射； 2、glitter: 闪光，指光不稳定发射； 3、glare: 耀眼，表⽰光的强度； 4、sparkle:闪烁，指发射微细的光度。
“打破”之说： 1、break: ⼀般⽤语，经打击或施加压⼒⽽破碎； 2、crack:出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎⽚； 3、crush: 指从外⾯⽤⼒向内或从上向下压⽽致碎； 4、demolish: 破坏，铲平或削平（如⼟壤，建筑物，城堡等）； 5、destroy: 在⾁体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之⽆法复原； 6、shatter:突然使⼀个物体粉碎； 7、smash: 指由于突如其来的⼀阵暴⼒带⼀声响⽽彻底粉碎。
有关“死”之说： 1、去世，与世长辞：to pass away; 2、寿终： to close （end） one's day; 3、咽⽓，断⽓： to breathe one's last; 4、归西： to go west; 5、了解尘缘： to pay the debt of nature; 6、命归黄泉： to depart to the world of shadows; 7、见阎王： to give up the gost; 8、翘辫⼦： to kick the bucket; 9、蹬腿： to kick up one's heels; 10、不吃饭： to lay down one's knife and fork. 有关“怀孕”（pregnant）之说： 1、she is having baby; 2、she is expecting; 3、she is in a family way; 4、she is in a deliacate condition; 5、she is in an interesting condition; 6、she is knitting little booties. “broken”涵义种种： 1、a broken man: ⼀个绝望的⼈； 2、a broken soldier: ⼀个残废的军⼈； 3、broken money: 零花钱； 4、a broken promise: 背弃的诺⾔； 5、broken English: 蹩脚的英语； 6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志； 7、a broken heart: 破碎的⼼。
Lesson12同义词
12. The LoonsSynonymsDEFORM, DISTORT, CONTORT, WARP means to mar (destroy or injure severely) or spoil by or as if by twisting. DEFORM may imply a change of shape through stress, injury, or some accident of growth e.g. “his face was deformed by hatred.” DISTORT and CONTORT both imply a wrenching from the natural, normal, or justly proportioned, but CONTORT suggests a more involved twisting and a more grotesque and painful result e.g. “the odd camera angle distorts the figure in the photograph” “disease had painfully contorted her body.” WARP indicates physically an uneven shrinking that bends or twists out of a flat plane e.g. “warped floorboards.”SynonymsCOARSE, VULGAR, GR O SS, OBSC E NE, R I BALD mean offensive to good taste or morals. COARSE implies rou ghness, rudeness, or crudeness of spirit, behavior, or language e.g. “found the coarse humor of coworkers offensive.” VULGAR often implies boorishness or ill-breeding e.g. “a loud vulgar belch.” GROSS implies extreme coarseness and insensitiveness e.g. “gross eating habits.” OBSCENE applies to anything strongly disgusting to the sense of decency and propriety especially in sexual matters e.g. “obscene language not allowed on the air.” RIBALD applies to what is amusingly or picturesquely vulgar or irreverent or mildly indecent e.g. “entertained the campers with ribald folk songs.”SynonymsRELIEVE, ALL E VIATE, LIGHTEN, ASSU A GE, M I TIGATE, ALL A Y mean to make something less grievous. RELIEVE implies a lifting of enough of a burden to make it tolerable e.g. “took an aspirin to relieve the pain.” ALLEVIATE implies temporary or partial lessening of pain or distress e.g. “the lotion (洗剂) alleviated the itching.” LIGHTEN implies reducing a burdensome or depressing weight e.g. “good news would lighten our worries.” ASSUAGE implies softening or sweetening what is harsh or disagreeable e.g. “ocean breezes assuaged the intense heat.” MITIGATE suggests a moderating or countering of the effect of something violent or painful e.g. “the need to mitigate barbaric laws.” ALLAY i mplies an effective calming or soothing of fears or alarms e.g. “allayed their fears.”SynonymsINFREQUENT, UNCOMMON, SCARCE, RARE, SPORADIC mean not common or abundant. INFREQUENT implies occurrence at wide intervals in space or time e.g. “infrequent family visits.” UNCOMMON suggests a frequency below normal expectation e.g. “smallpox is now uncommon in many countries.” SCARCE implies falling short of a standard or required abundance e.g. “jobs were scarce during the Depression.” RARE suggests extreme sca rcity or infrequency and often implies consequent high value e.g. “rare first editions.” SPORADIC implies occurrence in scattered instances or isolated outbursts e.g. “sporadic cases of influenza.”SynonymsAWKWARD, CLUMSY, MALADR OI T, IN E PT, GAUCHE [g u ] mean not marked by ease (as of performance, movement, or social conduct). AWKWARD is widely applicable and may suggest unhandiness, inconvenience, lack of muscular control, embarrassment, or lack of tact e.g. “periods of awkward silence.” CLUMSY implies stiffness and heaviness and so may connote inflexibility, awkwardness, or lack of ordinary skill e.g. “a clumsy mechanic.” MALADROIT suggests a tendency to create awkward situations e.g. “a maladroit politician.” INEPT often implies complete failure or inadequacy e.g. “a hopelessly inept defense attorney.” GAUCHE implies the effects of shyness, inexperience, or ill breeding e.g. “felt gauche and unsophisticated at formal parties.”Synonymsas adjective: CHOICE, E XQUISITE, ELEGANT, RARE, DELICATE, DAINTY mean having qualities that appeal to a cultivated taste. CHOICE stresses outstanding in quality or kind e.g. “choice fabric.” EXQUISITE implies a perfection in workmanship or design that appeals only to very sensitive taste e.g. “an exquisite gold bracele t.” ELEGANT applies to what is rich and luxurious but restrained by good taste e.g. “a sumptuous but elegant dining room.” RARE suggests an uncommon excellence e.g. “rare beauty.” DELICATE implies exquisiteness (extreme beauty of a delicate sort), subtlety, and fragility e.g. “delicate craftsmanship.” DAINTY sometimes carries an additional suggestion of smallness and of appeal to the eye or taste e.g. “daintysandwiches.”SynonymsRIGID, RIGOROUS, STRICT, STRINGENT mean extremely severe or stern. RIGID implies uncompromising inflexibility e.g. “rigid rules of conduct.” RIGOROUS implies the imposition(强迫接受) of hardship and difficulty e.g. “the rigorous training of recr u its.” STRICT emphasizes undeviating conformity to rules, standards, or requirements e.g. “strict enforcement of the law.” STRINGENT suggests severe, tight restriction or limitation e.g. “stringent standards of admission.”SynonymsDECLARE, ANNOUNCE, PROCL A IM, PR O MULGATE mean to make known publicly. DECLARE implies explicitness and usually formality in making known e.g. “the referee declared the contest a draw.” ANNOUNCE implies the declar ation of something for the first time e.g. “announced their engagement at a party.” PROCLAIM implies declaring clearly, forcefully, and authoritatively e.g. “the president proclaimed a national day of mourning.” PROMULGATE implies the proclaiming of a dogma, doctrine, or law e.g. “promulgated an edict of religious toleration.”SynonymsPONDER, MEDITATE, MUSE, RUMINATE mean to consider or examine attentively or deliberately. PONDER implies a careful weighing of a problem or, often, prolonged inconclusive th inking about a matter e.g. “pondered the course of action.” MEDITATE implies a definite focusing of one's thoughts on something so as to understand it deeply e.g. “meditated on the meaning of life.” MUSE suggests a more or less focused daydreaming as in r emembrance e.g. “mused upon childhood joys.” RUMINATE implies going over the same matter in one's thoughts again and again but suggests little of either purposive thinking or deep absorption e.g. “ruminated on past disappointments.”SynonymsSEVERE, STERN, AUSTERE, ASCETIC mean given to or marked by strict discipline and firm restraint. SEVERE implies standards enforced without indulgence or laxity and may suggest harshness e.g. “severe military discipline.” STERN stresses inflexibility and unsympathy of temper or character e.g. “stern arbiters of public morality.” AUSTERE stresses absence of warmth, color, or feeling and may apply to rigorous restraint, simplicity, or self-denial e.g. “living an austere life in the country.” ASCETIC implies abstention(节制)from pleasure and comfort or self-indulgence as spiritual discipline e.g. “the ascetic life of the monks.”SynonymsFLASH, GLEAM, GLINT, SPARKLE, GLITTER, GLISTEN, GLIMMER, SHIMMER mean to send forth light. FLASH implies a sudden and transient outburst of bright light e.g. “lightning flashed.” GLEAM suggests a steady light seen through an obscuring medium or against a dark background e.g. “lights gleamed in the valley.” GLINT implies a cold glancing light e.g. “glinting steel.” SPARKLE suggests innumerab le moving points of bright light e.g. “the sparkling waters of the gulf.” GLITTER connotes a brilliant sparkling or gleaming e.g. “glittering diamonds.” GLISTEN applies to the soft sparkle from a wet or oily surface e.g. “glistening rain-drenched sidewalks.” GLIMMER suggests a faint or wavering gleam e.g. “a distant glimmering light.” SHIMMER implies a soft tremulous gleaming or a blurred (unclear, indistinct) reflection e.g. “a shimmering satin dress.”SynonymsO DOROUS, FRAGRANT, R E DOLENT, AROMATIC mean emitting and diffusing scent. ODOROUS applies to whatever has a strong distinctive smell whether pleasant or unpleasant e.g. “odorous cheeses should be tightly wrapped.” FRAGRANT applies to things (as flowers or spices) with sweet or agreeable o dors e.g. “a fragrant rose.” REDOLENT applies usually to a place or thing impregnated(filled in) with odors e.g. “the kitchen was redolent of garlic and tomatoes.” AROMATIC applies to things emitting pungent often fresh odors e.g. “an aromatic blend of tobaccos.”SynonymsSMALL, LITTLE, DIM I NUTIVE, MIN U TE, TINY, MINIATURE mean noticeably below average in size. SMALL and LITTLE are often interchangeable, but SMALL applies more to relative size determined by capacity, value, number e.g. “a relatively small backyard.” LITTLE is more absolute in implication often carrying the idea ofpetiteness, pettiness, insignificance, or immaturity e.g. “your pathetic little smile.” DIMINUTIVE implies abnormal smallness e.g. “diminutive bonsai plants.” MINUTE implies extreme smallness e.g. “a minute amount of caffeine in the soda.” TINY is an informal equivalent to MINUTE e.g. “tiny cracks formed in the painting.” MINIATURE applies to an exactly proportioned reproduction on a very small scale e.g. “a dollhouse with miniature furnishin gs.”SynonymsCAREFUL, METICULOUS, SCRUPULOUS, PUNCT I LIOUS mean showing close attention to detail. CAREFUL implies attentiveness and cautiousness in avoiding mistakes e.g. “a careful worker.” METICULOUS may imply either commendable extreme carefulness or a hindering finicky (过分注意的, 过分讲究的, 过分周到的) caution over small points e.g. “meticulous scholarship.” SCRUPULOUS applies to what is proper or fitting or ethical (moral) e.g. “scrupulous honesty.” PUNCTILIOUS implies minute, even excessive attention to fine points e.g. “punctilious observance of ritual.”SynonymsCURIOUS, INQU I SITIVE, PR Y ING mean interested in what is not one's personal or proper concern. CURIOUS, a neutral term, basically connotes an active desire to learn or to know e.g. “children are curious about everything.”INQUISITIVE suggests impertinent (鲁莽的)and habitual curiosity and persistent quizzing e.g. “dreaded the visits of their inquisitive relatives.” PRYING implies busy meddling (管闲事) and off i ciousness (多管闲事)e.g. “prying neighbors who refuse to mind their own business.”SynonymsSWING, SWAY, O SCILLATE, VIBR A TE, FLUCTUATE, WAVER, U NDULATE mean to move from one direction to its opposite. SWING implies a movement of something attached at one end or one side e.g. “the door suddenly swung open.” SWAY implies a slow swinging or teetering (moving unsteadily) movement e.g. “trees swaying in the breeze.” OSCILLATE stresses a usually regular alternation of direction e.g. “an oscillating fan.”VIBRATE suggests the rapid oscillation of an elastic (弹性的) body under stress or impact e.g. “the vibrating strings of a piano.” FLUCTUATE suggests constant irregular changes of level, intensity, or value e.g. “fluctuating interest rates.”WAVER stresses irregular motion suggestive of reeling or tottering e.g. “the exhausted runner wavered before collapsing.”UNDULATE suggests a gentle wavelike motion e.g. “an undulating sea of grass.”SynonymsFANTASTIC, BIZARRE, GROTESQUE mean conceived, made, or carried out without adherence to truth or reality. FANTASTIC may connote unrestrained extravagance in conception or merely cleverness of decorative invention e.g. “dreamed up fantastic rumors to spread.” BIZARRE applies to the sensationally queer or strange and implies violence of contrast or incongruity (being unsuitable and inappropriate) of combination e.g. “a bizarre medieval castle built in the heart of a modern city.” GROTESQUE may apply to what is conventionally ugly but artistically effective or it may connote ludicrous awkwardness or incongruity often with sinister or tragic overtones e.g. “grotesque statues adorn the cathedral” “though grief-stricken, she made a grotesque attempt at a smile.”SynonymsLURE, ENT I CE, INV E IGLE, DEC OY, TEMPT, SEDUCE mean to lead astray from one's true course. LURE implies a d rawing into danger, evil, or difficulty through attracting and deceiving e.g. “lured naive investors with get-rich-quick schemes.” ENTICE suggests drawing by artful or skilfu means e.g. “advertising designed to entice new customers.” INVEIGLE implies entic ing by caj o ling (以甜言蜜语哄骗, 勾引)or flattering e.g. “fund-raisers inveigling wealthy alumni.” DECOY implies a luring into entrapment by artifice e.g. “attempting to decoy the enemy into an ambush.” TEMPT implies the presenting of an attraction so strong that it overcomes the restraints of conscience or better judgment e.g. “tempted by the offer of money.” SEDUCE implies a leading astray by persuasion or false promises e.g. “seduced by assurances of assistance.”SynonymsSWING, WAVE, FLOURISH, BRANDISH, THRASH mean to wield or cause to move to and fro or up and down. SWING implies regular or uniform movement e.g. “swing the rope back and forth.” WAVE usually implies smooth or continuous motion e.g. “waving the flag.” FLOURISH suggests vigorous, showy, graceful movemente.g. “f lourished the winning lottery ticket.(彩票)” BRANDISH implies threatening or menacing motion e.g. “brandishing a knife.” THRASH suggests vigorous, abrupt, violent movement e.g. “an infant thrashing his arms about.”SynonymsSULLEN, GLUM, MOR O SE, SURLY, SULKY, CR A BBED, S A TURNINE, GLOOMY mean showing a forbidding or disagreeable mood. SULLEN implies a silent ill humor and a refusal to be sociable e.g. “remained sullen amid the festivities.” GLUM suggests a silent low-spiritedness e.g. “a glum candidate left to ponder a stunning defeat.” MOROSE adds to GLUM an element of bitterness or misanthropy e.g. “morose job seekers who are inured to rejection.” SURLY implies gruffness and sullenness of speech or manner e.g. “a typical surly teenager.” SULKY suggests childi sh resentment expressed in peevish (easily irritated or annoyed) sullenness e.g. “grew sulky after every spat.” CRABBED applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner e.g. “the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster.” SATURNINE describes a heavy forbi dding aspect or suggests a bitter disposition e.g. “a saturnine cynic always finding fault.” GLOOMY implies a depression in mood making for seeming sullenness or glumness e.g. “a gloomy mood ushered in by bad news.”SynonymsO BSTINATE, DOGGED, STUBBORN, PERTIN A CIOUS, M U LISH mean fixed and unyielding in course or purpose. OBSTINATE implies usually an unreasonable persistence e.g. “an obstinate proponent of conspiracy theories.” DOGGED suggests an admirable often unyielding and unwavering persistence e.g. “p ursued the story with dogged perseverance.” STUBBORN implies sturdiness in resisting change which may or may not be admirable e.g. “a person too stubborn to admit error.” PERTINACIOUS suggests an annoying or boring persistence e.g. “a pertinacious salesclerk refusing to take no for an answer.” MULISH implies a thoroughly unreasonable stubbornness e.g. “a mulish determination to have his own way.”Synonyms 1R I DICULE, DER I DE, MOCK, TAUNT mean to make an object of laughter of. RIDICULE implies a deliberate of ten malicious belittling e.g. “consistently ridiculed everything she said.” DERIDE suggests contemptuous and often bitter ridicule e.g. “derided their efforts to start their own business.” MOCK implies scorn often ironically expressed as by mimicry (imitative behaviour) or false d e ference (obedience) e.g. “youngsters began to mock the helpless wino.” TAUNT suggests mockingly provoking insult or challenge e.g. “hometown fans taunted the visiting team.”Synonyms 2COPY, IMITATE, MIMIC, APE, MOCK mean to make something so that it resembles an existing thing. COPY suggests duplicating an original as nearly as possible e.g. “copied the painting and sold the fake as an original.” IMITATE suggests following a model or a pattern but may allow for some variation e.g.“imitate a poet's style.” MIMIC implies a close copying (as of voice or mannerism) often for fun, ridicule, or lifelike imitation e.g. “pupils mimicking their teacher.” APE may suggest pres u mptuous (专横的), slavish, or awkward imitating of a superior origin al e.g. “American fashion designers aped their European colleagues.” MOCK usually implies imitation with derision e.g. “mocking a vain man's pompous manner.”SynonymsIMPASSIVE, ST O IC, PHLEGMATIC, APATHETIC, ST O LID mean unresponsive (aloof or indifferent) to something that might normally excite interest or emotion. IMPASSIVE stresses the absence of any external sign of emotion in action or facial expression e.g. “met the news with an impassive look.” STOIC implies an apparent indifference to pleasure or especially to pain often as a matter of principle or self-discipline e.g. “was resolutely stoic even in adversity.” PHLEGMATIC implies a temperament or constitution hard to arouse e.g. “a phlegmatic man unmoved by tears.” APATHETIC may imply a puzzling or de plorable indifference or inertness (immobility) e.g. “charitable appeals met an apathetic response.” STOLID implies an habitual absence of interest, responsiveness, or curiosity e.g. “stolid workers wedded to routine.”SynonymsQUICKEN, ANIMATE, ENL I VEN, VIVIFY mean to make alive or lively. QUICKEN stresses a sudden renewal of life or activity especially in something inert e.g. “the arrival of spring quickens the earth.” ANIMATE emphasizes the imparting (transmission of information) of motion or vitality to what is or might be mechanicalor artificial e.g. “happiness animated his conversation.” ENLIVEN suggests a stimulus that arouses from dullness or torpidity (麻痹)e.g. “enlivened her lectures with humorous anecdotes.” VIVIFY implies a freshening or energizing through renewal of vitality e.g. “new blood needed to vivify the dying club.”SynonymsTHIN, SLENDER, SLIM, SLIGHT, TENUOUS mean not thick, broad, abundant, or dense. THIN implies comparatively little extension between surfaces or in diameter, or it may imply lack of substance, richness, or abundance e.g. “thin wire” “a thin soup.” SLENDER implies leanness or spareness(瘦弱) often with grace and good prop ortion e.g. “the slender legs of a Sheraton chair.” SLIM applies to slenderness that suggests fragility or scantiness (单薄)e.g. “a slim volume of poetry” “a slim chance.” SLIGHT implies smallness as well as thinness e.g. “a slight build.” TENUOUS implies extreme thinness, sheerness, or lack of substance and firmness e.g. “a tenuous thread.”SynonymsTR A NSIENT, TR A NSITORY, EPH E MERAL, M O MENTARY, F U GITIVE, FLEETING, EVAN E SCENT mean lasting or staying only a short time. TRANSIENT applies to what is actually s hort in its duration or stay e.g. “a hotel catering primarily to transient guests.” TRANSITORY applies to what is by its nature or essence bound to change, pass, or come to an end e.g. “fame in the movies is transitory.” EPHEMERAL implies striking brevity of life or duration e.g. “many slang words are ephemeral.” MOMENTARY suggests coming and going quickly and therefore being merely a brief interruption of a more enduring state e.g. “my feelings of guilt were only momentary.” FUGITIVE and FLEETING imply pa ssing so quickly as to make comprehending difficult e.g. “let a fugitive smile flit across his face” “fleeting moments of joy.” EVANESCENT suggests a quick vanishing and an airy or fragile quality e.g. “the story has an evanescent touch of whimsy that is lost in translation.”swellSynonymsEXPAND, AMPLIFY, SWELL, DIST E ND, INFL A TE, DIL A TE mean to increase in size or volume. EXPAND may apply whether the increase comes from within or without and regardless of manner (as growth, unfolding, addition of part s) e.g. “a business that expands every year.” AMPLIFY implies the extension or enlargement of something inadequate e.g. “amplify the statement with details.” SWELL implies gradual expansion beyond a thing's original or normal limits e.g. “the bureaucracy swelled to unmanageable proportions.” DISTEND implies outward extension caused by pressure from within e.g. “a distended abdomen.” INFLATE implies expanding by introduction of air or something insubstantial and suggests a resulting vulnerability and liabili ty to sudden collapse e.g. “an inflated ego.” DILATE applies especially to expansion of circumference e.g. “dilated pupils.”SynonymsDISCOMP O SE, DISQU I ET, DISTURB, PERT UR B, A GITATE, UPSET, FL U STER mean to destroy capacity for collected thought or decisive action. DISCOMPOSE implies some degree of loss of self-control or self-confidence especially through emotional stress e.g. “discomposed by the loss of his beloved wife.”DISQUIET suggests loss of sense of security or peace of mind e.g. “the disquieting news of factories closing.”DISTURB implies interference with one's mental processes caused by worry, perplexity, or interruption e.g. “the discrepancy in accounts disturbed me.” PERTURB implies deep disturbance of mind and emotions e.g. “perturbed by her husband's strange behavior.”AGITATE suggests obvious external signs of nervous or emotional excitement e.g. “in his agitated state we could see he was unable to work.”UPSET implies the disturbance of normal or habitual functioning by disappointment, distr ess, or grief e.g. “the family's constant bickering upsets the youngest child.” FLUSTER suggests bewildered agitation e.g. “his declaration of love completely flustered her.”SynonymsQUALITY, PROPERTY, CHARACTER, ATTR I BUTE mean an intelligible feature by which a thing may be identified. QUALITY is a general term applicable to any trait or characteristic whether individual or generic e.g. “material with a silky quality.” PROPERTY implies a characteristic that belongs to a thing's essential nature and may be used to describe a type or species e.g. “the property of not conducting heat.” CHARACTER applies to a peculiar and distinctive quality of a thing or a class e.g. “remarks of an unseemly character.” ATTRIBUTE implies a quality ascribed to a thing or a being e.g. “the traditional attributes of a military hero.”。
闪闪发光的英文短语
闪闪发光的英文短语介绍英语中有许多形象生动、富有韵味的短语，它们通过丰富多样的词汇和形象的叙述，烘托出丰富多彩的语言世界。
本文将介绍一些表达闪闪发光的英文短语，让读者更好地理解和应用这些短语，丰富自己的语言表达。
闪闪发光的英文短语1. Sparkle and Shine这个短语意为“闪闪发光”，常用于形容光亮传神，闪烁生辉的景象。
例如： - The diamond necklace on her neck sparkled and shined under the spotlight. - The stars sparkled and shined in the night sky, guiding us on our journey.2. Glitter and Gleam这个短语意为“闪耀和闪光”，通常用来描述物体表面的闪烁和光彩。
例如： - The Christmas tree was covered in glitter and gleam, creating a festive atmosphere. - Her eyes glittered and gleamed with excitement as she opened the gift.3. Twinkle and Glimmer这个短语意为“闪烁和微光”，常用于形容星星、烛光等微弱发光的场景。
例如：- The night sky was filled with stars, each twinkle and glimmer painting a beautiful picture. - The candles on the table twinkle and glimmered, creating a romantic atmosphere.4. Radiant and Lustrous这个短语意为“明亮和有光泽”，用于形容光线明亮、物体表面有光泽的场景。
2018年考研英语词汇同义词辨析
考研英语词汇同义词辨析2018年考研英语词汇同义词辨析1.proof， evidence，testimony【辨析】 proof [pru:f] 的证据一般是比较确凿的，而且很权威，是不可置疑的。
evidence [evidns] 是在说得出结论之前寻找的证据，往往是具体的证据，当然这个词还有迹象的意思。
testimony [testimni] 是在说法庭上为了证明某个结论之前的陈词。
2.because, since, as, reason, cause, factor【辨析】 because [bikz] 是经过客观调查的`客观的原因，往往是得到论证的。
since [sins] 是没有经过调查的主观推理的原因，往往是片面的。
as [z, z] 表示常识性的原因，往往是根据经验得出的原因。
reason [ri:zn] 是主观假设的原因，不一定是客观的事实，有待于论证。
cause [k:z] 是客观调查后得出的原因factor [fkt] 是很多原因中的几个分支原因之一。
3.glow，flash，glare，glitter，sparkle，twinkle【辨析】 glow [ɡlu] 表明落日余辉，往往是事物经过一段繁荣，慢慢的走向灭亡。
flash [fl] 表明转瞬即逝的光线，表明很短暂的光芒。
glare [ɡl] 表明已到强烈的光芒，往往很让人头晕。
glitter [ɡlit] 表明这种光线有些扑朔迷离。
sparkle [spɑ:kl] 表明火花的跳跃，往往很微小。
twinkle [twkl] 表明是眼光或星光的闪烁。
parison, contrast【辨析】 comparison [kmprisn] 比较事物的共同点contrast [kntrst] 比较事物的不同点。
5.deny，refute，allege，contradict，criticize【辨析】 deny [dinai] 意思是对事实的可信度的一种怀疑refute [rifju:t] 意思是否定某个不正确而且歪曲的观点。
专八词汇讲义（曲根主讲）
专八词汇讲义（曲根主讲）觉得英语专业八级词汇精讲主讲：曲根第一节如何记忆单词阅读记忆生词圈出，反复研读句子，勾画词组，了解替换，熟词辟意词根、词缀、词源、字母组合规律记单词前缀：确定肯定、否定和方向后缀：确定词性词根：确定词义regress v后退，退步-gress: to goprogress v.进步re- 再一次；向后ingress n.进入in-: intoimprovise vi.即兴创作vis-: to seeim-: into; notbenefactor n. 行善者，施主fact-: to make一、词源记忆法（如何找词源：看读音，看拼写，看意思）如果单词没有词根词缀，则依据单词词源（etymology）。
顾名思义，指词的来源。
主要适用于单音节词汇，帮助考生解释词根。
如何寻找词源：首先需去掉词根与词缀。
其次，看读音，看拼写，最重要的是看意思。
EX: shelter n.v 避难所，保护Shield n. 盾牌，保护Shell即为词源。
Shell是贝壳。
起保护作用。
在词源的结尾加辅音字母t或者d，并作相应变化，即为shield与shelter。
EX: fetter n. v. 束缚，脚镣。
词源为feet，去掉元音e，加词缀ter，构成fetter。
词源变化规则1.原音之间可以互换a,e,i,o,u,yEX: feasible a可行的例如：a feasible plan一个可行的计划feas=fac=fact原音和原音字母组合之间替换。
Fact本义是制造。
例如，factory工厂，manufacturing制造业。
此处，将元音字母a替换成ea，而c相当于s。
例如，advice与advise；practice与practise。
Ible=able。
2.辅音之间可以互换p/b, t/d, k/g/c/qu, f/v, s/z/x/thEX: wife（妻子）变复数形式为wives。
闪光的英语单词
闪光的英语单词闪光，是指短暂闪动的亮光。
如：流星变成一道闪光，划破黑夜的长空。
那么你知道闪光的英语单词是什么吗?下面店铺为大家整理了闪光的英语单词和相关英语表达，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
flashlight英 [ˈflæʃˌlaɪt] 美 [ˈflæʃˌlaɪt]glint英 [glɪnt] 美 [ɡlɪnt]gleam英 [ɡli:m] 美 [ɡlim]blink英 [bliŋk] 美 [blɪŋk]闪光点 Shining Points闪光模式 Flash Mode闪光玻璃 flashed glass星星的闪光 twinkling of stars我拍这张照片需用闪光灯，这里光线不好。
I'll need flash for this shot; the light isn't good enough.这架照相机有内置闪光灯。
This camera has a built-in flash.闪光的东西不一定是金子。
All that glitters is not gold.光的另外一个闪光和仙女走了。
Another flash of light and the fairy was gone.我们能看到远处灯塔忽隐忽现的闪光。
We can see the gleam of a distant lighthouse.这个博物馆里不准使用闪光灯。
Flashes are not allowed to be used in this museum.现在闪光灯也可以用来发出闪光了。
The flash can now also be used as a flashlight.闪光的未必是好水。
是水它就闪光了。
All that glitters is not water.闪光测光表可以在闪光摄影中提供可靠的曝光。
Flash meters are used in flash photography to verify correct exposure.而焊机电源在闪光焊接中起着至关重要的作用。
专四备考：近义词辨析
近义词辨析1.beautiful, good-looking, handsome, lovely, prettygood-looking：Having an attractive appearance in a strong，healthy way used for men and women not things.beautiful：通用词，含义广泛，语气最强，指优美和谐，是一种几乎接近完美的美。
指人时通常形容女人或小孩，很少用于描写男子。
handsome：多用于描写男性的英俊潇洒。
有时也形容女人，指其五官端正，体态秀丽。
pretty：普通用词，语气比beautiful弱，多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小巧玲珑，精美可爱之物。
lovely：普通用词，描写人时，主要指女人和小孩的相貌，语气不如beautiful强fair：正式用词，形容妇女和儿童，侧重外表的美2.fast, hasty, quick, rapid, speedy, swiftfast: moving or able to move quicklyhasty：said,made or done very quickly,especially when this has bad results quick: done with speed; taking or lasting a short timerapid: happening in a short period of timespeedy: happening or done quickly or without delay (eg.a speedy recovery)swift：happening or done quickly and immediately; doing sth quickly（eg.a swift decision）3.break, crack, crush, shatter, break , smashBreak：常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏Crack：多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。
2020职称英语词汇G开头：glitter是什么意思及反义词
2020 职称英语词汇G 开头：glitter 是什么意思及反义词动词1. 不及物动词：[glitter (with sth)] 闪烁，闪耀，闪光n.1. 灿烂的光辉2. (外表的)诱惑力, 吸引力词形变化：形容词：glittery ；副词：glitteringly ；名词：glitterati ；动词：glittering ，glittery ；时态：glittered ，glittering ，glitters 。
同义词：coruscation ，sparkle ；gleam，glint ，glisten ，shine ；glisten ，glister ，scintillation ，sparkle 。
单词分析：这些名词均含有“火焰、烈火、光”之意。
blaze ：指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
flame ：指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由很多火舌构成的大火。
flare ：指摇曳的火焰。
glow :指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
glare ：指眩目的光。
flash :指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glitter :指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
twinkle :指如星光等的闪烁。
light ：普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
英语句子Decorate the tunic with sequins or glitter. 用些圆形小金属片或小亮片装饰这件女式短上衣。
A small,glittering ornament, such as a rhinestone or a sequin, applied to fabric or a garment.亮片一种用于织物或服装上的闪闪发光的小饰物，比如像水晶或金属闪光片。
So saying, she pointed out to the spinster two napoleons which were glittering on the table.她一面说，一面指着桌子，把那两个发亮的拿破仑指给那老姑娘看。
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Gleam,Glimmer,Glint,Glitter,Shimmer等词的辨析Flash, Flicker, Gleam, Glimmer, Glint, Glitter, Glisten, Glister, Glow, Shimmer, Sparkle, Twinkle及其它同类词的辨析1. dazzle: If a very bright light dazzles you, itstops you from seeing properly for a short time.例：a deer dazzled by the headlightsDazzle是"刺眼、晃眼"的意思，特别当光线照得人短时间看不清物体时使用，与下文其他的"刺眼"选手颇有区别。
2. flash: to shine suddenly and brightly for a shorttime, or to make something shine in this way; If alight flashes or if you flash a light, it shines with asudden bright light, especially as quick, regularflashes of light.例：Lightning flashed overhead.Flash是快速地发出强光，意为"闪光"，是闪光一族的普通意义，后文还有多个闪光词汇。
3. flicker: to burn or shine with an unsteady lightthat goes on and off quickly; If a light or flameflickers, it shines unsteadily.例：The overhead lights flickered momentarily.Flicker也是闪光，但是与flash闪得不同。
Flash是闪出强光，闪一下马上消失，再接着闪出强光，比如打雷之前的闪电就是典型的flash；flicker也是"闪光门"高手，可是它只能闪出不太强的光，并且极不稳定，闪光时忽明忽暗，译为"闪烁、摇曳"，这个词很浪漫，总令人想到Casablanca中迷人的汽车旅馆和那对恋人一起试过的那个long, hot summer's night.4. glare: to shine with a very strong bright lightwhich hurts your eyes; If the sun or a light glares, itshines with a very bright light which is difficult tolook at;例：The sun glared down on us.这个已经不是闪光门弟子了，这是发出非常耀眼的光芒，让眼睛产生不适，且不适效果大大高于dazzle，有可能出现较长时间的失明。
比如氧焊时，如果不戴眼罩看了那种强烈的白光后，好一会儿看不见东西，那就是一种glaring light, 比dazzlinglight历害多了。
5. gleam: to shine softly [= glimmer]; If an object or asurface gleams, it reflects light because it is shinyand clean.例：His teeth gleamed under his moustache；Blue-white moonlight gleamed through the window,throwing the shadows of the bars across the floor.淡蓝色的月光透过窗户照进房来，窗条的影子斜斜地映在地板上。
Gleam是"发出微光"，其微弱程度与下文要提及的glimmer相同，似乎在写作中二者完全可以互换使用，不过“柯林斯”字典告诉我们，glimmer的光有点unsteady，类似于flicker。
gleam 是稳定的光线，不会晃动。
6. glimmer: If something glimmers, it produces orreflects a faint, gentle, often unsteady light; to shinewith a light that is not very bright [= gleam]: a weak,glimmering light朗文字典认为glimmer等于gleam，但是柯林斯和牛津皆认为glimmer含有unsteady之意，是to shine with a faintunsteady light，因此一定要与gleam区别开来。
glimmer与flicker相近，也有“光线晃动”之意，但是没有flicker那么"摇曳"得历害：A beam of gleaming light 一道微弱的光线A beam of glimmering light 一束昏暗、摇曳的光线7. glint: if a shiny surface glints, it gives out smallflashes of light [= sparkle]; If something glints, itproduces or reflects a quick flash of light. (WRITTEN);= glisten; to produce small bright flashes of light:例：The sea glinted in the moonlight；The sun glinted on the windows；The gold rims of his spectacles glinted in the sun.该词使用场景描述：一群孩子在草丛中玩耍时，突然一个小孩惊叫起来，"看呀，前边草丛里有东西在发亮"。
众人走近一看，原来是一只银戒指；夏日某夜，有淡淡的月光，四周万籁俱寂，我心事重重，独自来到沙滩上，看着黑黝黝的海水，听着潮涨潮落出神。
月亮渐升渐高，月入中天之时，月光不如先前一样昏暗，海面一下子亮了起来，我看见涨潮的时候，海边奔涌着浅灰色的浪花。
以上两个场景是我臆想的，都适用glint这个词。
Glint的关键点是"闪（泛）着微光"，并且光线在变幻，我想到了李莫愁的"冰魄银针"在阳光下发出幽蓝幽蓝的光芒，煞是瘆人，这就是glinting 的光；小龙女的"玉蜂针"一定不是这种光，而是一种明亮得多的光，可用glowing或者glittering。
突发奇想，glint是否有消极、否定之意呢？比如李莫愁是坏人，她的暗器就发glinting的光，而小龙女是好人，并且这么多人喜爱她，因此她的暗器就不会发出glinting的光。
呵呵，这纯属子虚乌有，又是我胡思乱想罢了。
8. glitter: to shine brightly with flashing points oflight [= sparkle]；to shine brightly with little flashesof light, like a diamond SYN sparkle例：The ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold；The river glittered in the sunlight.Glitter一听就比glint, gleam, glimmer等感觉要好，“阳气”要大得多，是积极的、明亮的，正大光明的。
其发光比较亮丽，常用于阳光照射下物体反光9. glisten: to shine and look wet or oily; Ifsomething glistens, it shines, usually because it is wetor oily例：Her eyes were glistening with tears；Sweat glistened on his forehead.；The road glistened wetafter the rain；The boy's back was glistening with sweat；glistening black hair这个词非常浪漫，非常美，往往与水、油等有关。
发出的光令人感觉到湿漉漉的或者油亮油亮的。
第1个例句非常棒，女孩珠泪莹然，楚楚动人的样子真的令英雄魂断，还有美女出浴之后，头发湿湿的，在灯光下就是glistening的感觉，这也令男人意乱情迷。
此处glistened with tears就是那种"闪着眼泪花的感觉"；后句"他的额头渗出了汗珠"，下一句是"雨后路面湿得发亮"。
想像一下，夏天雨过天晴之后，柏油路在阳光下湿湿的，亮亮的，空气是如此清新，真想在路上小跑一阵，贪婪地呼吸泥土和草地醉人的芬芳。
10. glister: (literary) to shine brightly with littleflashes of light, like a diamond SYN glitter这是一个文气词，常用在文学作品中，与glitter一样，都是指"闪着明亮的光"。
11. glow: to produce or reflect a soft steadylight [= shine]；(especially of sth hot or warm) toproduce a dull, steady light:例：The fireplace was still glowing with the remains of last night's fire；The red tip of his cigarette was glowing in the dark；The strap has a fluorescent coating that glows in the dark.Glow是指发出或者反射出一种柔和的光，一般都有强烈或者微弱的热量发出，例句中烟头在暗处发出的光，壁炉中燃烧的火发出的光，背包肩带上涂有荧光粉，在黑暗中发出的光，都是用glow。