肾内科科英文病史
(2024版)肾内科常见护理诊断与措施英文版
(2024版)肾内科常见护理诊断与措施英文版(2024 Edition) Common Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions in NephrologyNephrology is a specialized area of medicine focused on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. As a nurse working in nephrology, it is essential to be familiar with common nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions to provide high-quality care for patients with kidney-related conditions.Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Kidney InjuryIntervention:- Monitor fluid intake and output closely- Administer medications as prescribed to support kidney function - Collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust treatment based on patient responseNursing Diagnosis: Chronic Kidney DiseaseIntervention:- Educate patients on dietary restrictions and lifestyle modifications - Monitor blood pressure and electrolyte levels regularly- Facilitate access to support groups for patients coping with long-term kidney diseaseNursing Diagnosis: Electrolyte ImbalanceIntervention:- Administer electrolyte replacement therapy as ordered- Monitor for signs of electrolyte disturbances, such as muscle weakness or cardiac irregularities- Educate patients on the importance of maintaining proper electrolyte balance through diet and medication complianceNursing Diagnosis: Fluid Volume ExcessIntervention:- Monitor daily weights and assess for signs of fluid overload, such as edema or shortness of breath- Restrict fluid intake as prescribed by the healthcare provider- Administer diuretics as ordered to promote fluid excretionNursing Diagnosis: Infection RiskIntervention:- Implement strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene and isolation precautions- Monitor for signs of infection, such as fever or increased white blood cell count- Collaborate with the healthcare team to initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy if infection is suspectedNursing Diagnosis: Impaired Renal FunctionIntervention:- Monitor renal function tests regularly to assess kidney function- Encourage patients to adhere to medication regimens and follow-up appointments- Provide emotional support and counseling for patients coping with the challenges of impaired renal functionIn conclusion, as a nurse in nephrology, it is crucial to be proficient in identifying common nursing diagnoses and implementing appropriateinterventions to optimize patient outcomes. By staying informed and proactive in care delivery, nurses can make a significant impact on the lives of individuals with kidney-related conditions.。
关于肾脏疾病的英文作文
关于肾脏疾病的英文作文Title: Understanding Kidney Diseases。
The kidneys, a pair of bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, play a vital role in maintaining overall health. They filter waste products and excessfluids from the blood, regulate electrolyte balance, and produce hormones that regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. However, when the kidneys are damaged or diseased, their ability to perform these functions is compromised, leading to various health problems.There are several types of kidney diseases, each with its own causes, symptoms, and treatments. One common typeis chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time. CKD can result from conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Symptoms of CKD may not appear until the later stages, but they can include fatigue, swelling in the ankles, feet, or hands,foamy urine, and difficulty concentrating.Acute kidney injury (AKI) is another type of kidney disease that occurs suddenly, often as a result of injury, infection, or medication toxicity. AKI is characterized by a rapid decrease in kidney function, leading to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body. Symptoms of AKI can include decreased urine output, swelling, nausea, and confusion. Prompt medical treatment is essential to prevent further kidney damage and complications.Kidney stones are another common kidney-related issue. These are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract. Risk factors for kidney stones include dehydration, certain medical conditions, and a diet high in protein, sodium, or oxalates. Treatment for kidney stones may involve pain management, medications to help pass the stones, or procedures to remove them surgically.Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in thekidneys. These cysts can gradually replace healthy kidney tissue, leading to kidney failure. PKD may also cause high blood pressure, abdominal pain, and urinary tract infections. Treatment for PKD focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, such as high blood pressure and kidney failure.Diagnosis of kidney disease typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests can measure levels of waste products and electrolytes in the blood, while urine tests can detect abnormalities such as protein or blood in the urine. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may be used to visualize the kidneys and detect any abnormalities.Treatment for kidney disease varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and quitting smoking can help slow the progression of kidney disease. Medications may beprescribed to control blood pressure, manage diabetes, ortreat underlying infections. In advanced cases of kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary to replace lost kidney function.In conclusion, kidney diseases can have a significant impact on overall health and quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for various kidney conditions is essential for early detection and management. By taking steps to maintain kidney health, such as staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and managing underlying medical conditions, individuals can reduce their risk of developing kidney disease and its complications.。
慢性肾病英文作文
慢性肾病英文作文英文：Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. There are many different causes of CKD, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney infections.One of the main symptoms of CKD is a decrease in the amount of urine produced. This can lead to a buildup of waste products in the body, which can cause a range of symptoms, including fatigue, nausea, and swelling in the legs and feet.There are several ways to manage CKD, including making lifestyle changes, taking medication, and undergoing dialysis or kidney transplant. Making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, andquitting smoking can help slow the progression of CKD.It's important to monitor your kidney functionregularly if you have CKD, as early detection and treatment can help prevent further damage to the kidneys. Regular check-ups with your doctor, including blood and urine tests, can help identify any changes in kidney function.Living with CKD can be challenging, but with the right care and support, it is possible to manage the conditionand maintain a good quality of life.中文：慢性肾病（CKD）是一种长期的疾病，肾脏逐渐失去功能。
肾内科常见英文缩写简介
甲氨蝶呤
Methotrexate
MTX
英文全称 Chronic renal failure Diabetes mellitus acute glomerulonephritis hemodialysis chronic glomerulonephritis nephrotic syndrome urinary tract infection acute renal failure acute kidney injury chronic renal failure diabetic nephropathy lupus nephritis peritoneal dialysis rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis systemic lupus erythematosus spontaneous bacterial peritonitis minimal change disease focal segmental glomerular sclerosis membranous nephropathy mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis glomerular basement membrane end-stage renal disease membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Dense deposit disease Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis Henoch-Schönlein purpura anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes HBV associated glomerulonephritis HCV associated glomerulonephritis hepatorenal syndrome thrombotic microangiopathy hemolytic uremic syndrome thrombotic thrombcytopenic purpura ischemic renal disease obesity-related glomerulopathy acute interstitial nephritis chronic interstitial nephritis continuous renal replacement therapy cardiovascular disease left ventricular hypertrophy B—type natriuretic peptide Calcium Channel Blockers cyclophosphamide cyclosporin A mycophenolate mofetil Tacrolimus Methylprednisolone Azathioprine Tripterygium Glycosides Leflunomide Melphalan
关于肾脏疾病的英文作文
关于肾脏疾病的英文作文英文回答：Kidney disease is a condition that affects the kidneys and their ability to function properly. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and excess water from the blood, producing urine, and regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys are damaged or diseased, they may not be able to perform these functions effectively, leading to a buildup of waste and toxins in the body.There are many different types of kidney disease, with some being more serious than others. Some common types include:Acute kidney injury (AKI): This is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function that can be caused by a variety of factors, such as dehydration, infection, or certain medications. AKI can often be reversed if the underlying cause is treated promptly.Chronic kidney disease (CKD): This is a gradual and progressive loss of kidney function that occurs over time. CKD can be caused by a number of conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain genetic disorders. CKD cannot be reversed, but its progression can be slowed with treatment.End-stage renal disease (ESRD): This is the most severe stage of CKD, in which the kidneys have lost all of their function. ESRD requires dialysis or a kidney transplant in order for the patient to survive.The symptoms of kidney disease can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:Fatigue。
英文病历书写范例(内科)
Medical Records for AdmissonMedical Number: 701721General informationName: Liu SideAge: EightySex: MaleRace: HanNationality: ChinaAddress: NO.35, Dandong Road, Jiefang Rvenue, Hankou, Hubei. Tel: 857307523 Occupation: RetiredMarital status: MarriedDate of admission: Aug 6th, 2001Date of record: 11Am, Aug 6th, 2001Complainer of history: patient’s son and wifeReliability: ReliableChief com plaint: Upper bellyache ten days, haem atem esis, hem afecia and unconsciousness for four hours.Present illness:The patient felt upper bellyache about ten days ago. He didn’t pay attention to it and thought he had ate som ething wrong. At 6 o’clock this m orning he fainted and rejected lots of blood and gore. Then hemafecia began. His family sent him to our hospital and received emergent treat m ent. So the patient was accepted because of “upper gastrointestine hemorrhage and exsanguine shock”.Since the disease com ing on, the patient didn’t urinate.Past historyThe patient is healthy before.No history of infective diseases. No allergy history of food and drugs.Past historyOperative history: Never undergoing any operation.Infectious history: No history of severe infectious disease.Allergic history: He was not allergic to penicillin or sulfamide.Respiratory system: No history of respiratory disease.Circulatory system: No history of precordial pain.Alimentary system: No history of regurgitation.Genitourinary system: No history of genitourinary disease.Hematopoietic system: No history of anemia and mucocut aneous bleeding. Endocrine system: No acromegaly. No excessive sweats.Kinetic system: No history of confinement of limbs.Neural system: No history of headache or dizziness.Personal historyHe was born in Wuhan on Nov 19th, 1921 and almost always lived in Wuhan. His living conditions were good. No bad personal habits and custom s.Menstrual history: He is a male patient.Obstetrical history: NoContraceptive history: Not clear.Family history: His parents have both deads.Physical examinationT 36.5℃, P 130/min, R 23/min, BP 100/60mmHg. He is well developed and moderately nourished. Active position. His consciousness was not clear. His face was cadaverous and the skin was not stained yellow. No cyanosis. No pigm entation. No skin eruption. Spider angioma was not seen. No pitting edem a. Superficial lymph nodes were not found enlarged.HeadCranium: Hair was black and white, well distributed. No deformities. No scars. No masses. No tenderness.Ear: Bilateral auricles were symmetric and of no masses. No discharges were found in external auditory canals. No tenderness in m astoid area. Auditory acuity was normal.Nose: No abnormal discharges were found in vetibulum nasi. Septum nasi was in midline. No nares flaring. No tenderness in nasal sinuses.Eye: Bilateral eyelids were not swelling. No ptosis. No entropion. Conjunctiva was not congestive. Sclera was anicteric. Eyeballs were not projected or depressed. Movem ent was normal. Bilateral pupils were round and equal in size. Direct and indirect pupillary reactions to light were existent.Mouth: Oral mucous membrane was not sm ooth, and there were ulcer can be seen. Tongue was in midline. Pharynx was congestive. Tonsils were not enlarged. Neck: Symmetric and of no deformit ies. No masses. Thyroid was not enlarged. Trachea was in m idline.ChestChestwall: Veins could not be seen easily. No subcutaneous em physema. Intercostal space was neither narrowed nor widened. No tenderness.Thorax: Symmetric bilaterally. No deformit ies.Breast: Symm etric bilaterally.Lungs: Respiratory m ovement was bilaterally symmetric with the frequency of 23/min. thoracic expansion and tactile fremitus were symmetric bilaterally. No pleural friction frem itus. Resonance was heard during percussion. No abnormal breath sound was heard. No wheezes. No rales.Heart: No bulge and no abnormal impulse or thrills in precordial area. The point of maximum impulse was in 5th left intercostal space inside of the mid clavicular line and not diffuse. No pericardial friction sound. Border of the heart was normal. Heart sounds were strong and no splitting. Rate 150/min. Cardiac rhythm was not regular. No pathological m urmurs.Abdomen: Flat and soft. No bulge or depression. No abdominal wall varicosis. Gastralintestinal type or peristalses were not seen. Tenderness was obvious around the navel and in upper abdoman. There was not rebound tenderness on abdomen orrenal region. Liver and spleen was untouched. No m asses. Fluidthrill negative. Shifting dullness negative. Borhorygmus not heard. No vascular murmurs. Extremit ies: No articular swelling. Free m ovements of all limbs.Neural system: Physiological reflexes were existent without any pathological ones. Genitourinary system: Not examed.Rectum: not exanedInvestigationBlood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC 2.70T/L WBC 1. 1G/L PLT 120G/LHistory summary1. Patient was m ale, 80 years old2. Upper bellyache ten days, haem atemesis, hem afecia and unconsciousness for four hours.3. No special past history.4. Physical examination: T 37.5℃, P 130/min, R 23/min, BP 100/60mmHg Superficial lymph nodes were not found enlarged. No abdominal wall varicosis. Gastralintestinal type or peristalses were not seen. Tenderness was obvious around the navel and in upper abdoman. There was not rebound tenderness on abdomen or renal region. Liver and spleen was untouched. No m asses. Fluidthrill negative. Shifting dullness negative. Borhorygmus not heard. No vascular murmurs. No other positive signs.5. investigation information:Blood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC 2.80T/L WBC 1.1G/L PLT 120G/LImpression: upper gastrointestine hemorrhageExsanguine shock出院小结（DISCHARGE SUMMARY），===============Depart m ent of GastroenterologyChanghai Hospital，No.174 Changhai Road Shanghai, ChinaPhone: 86-21-25074725-803DISCHARGE SUMMARYDATE OF ADMISSION: October 7th, 2005DATE OF DISCHARGE: October 12th, 2005ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: Yu Bai, MDPATIENT AGE: 18ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS:Vomiting for unknown reason: acute gastroenteritis?BRIEF HISTORYA 18-year-old fem ale with a complaint of nausea and vomiting for nearly one month who was seen at Depart m ent of Gastroenterology in Changhai Hospital, found to have acute gastroenteritis and non-atrophic gastritis. The patient was subsequently recovered and discharged soon after m edication.REVIEW OF SYSTEMShe has had no headac he, fever, chills, diarrhea, chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, cough, hem optysis, dysuria, hematuria or ankle edema.PAST MEDICAL HISTORYShe has had no previous surgery, accidents or childhood illness.SOCIAL HISTORY: She has no history of excessive alcohol or tobacco use.FAMILY HISTORYShe has no family history of cardiovascular, respiratary and gastrointestinal diseases.PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONTem perature is 37, pulse 80, respirations 16, blood pressure 112/70. General: Plump girl in no apparent distress. HEENT: She has no scalp lesions. Her pupils are equally round and reactive to light and accommodation. Extraocular movem ents are intact. Sclerae are anicteric. Oropharynx is clear. There is no thyrom egaly. There is no cervical or supraclvicular lymphadenopathy. Cardiovascular: Regular rate and rhythm, normal S1, S2. Chest: Clear to auscultation bilateral. Abdomen: Bowel sounds present, no hepatosplenomagaly. Extremities: There is no cyanosis, clubbing or edema. Neurologic: Cranial nerves II-XII are intact. Motor examination is 5/5 in the bilateral upper and lower extremit ies. Sensory, cerebellar and gait are normal.LABORATORY DATAWhite blood cells count 5.9, hem oglobin 111g/L, hematocrit 35.4. Sodium 142, potassium 4.3, chloride 106, CO2 25, BUN 2.6mmol/L, creatinine 57μmol/L, glucose 4.1mmol/L, Albumin 36g/L.Endoscopic ExamChronic non-atrophic gastritisHOSPITAL COURSEThe patient was adm itted and placed on fluid rehydration and mineral supplem ent. The patient improved, showing gradual resolution of nausea and vomit ing. The patient was discharged in stable condition.DISCHARGE DIAGNOSISAcute gastroenteritisChronic non-atrophic gastritisPROGNOSISGood. No m edications needed after discharge. But if this patient can not get used to Chinese food, she had better return to UK as soon as possible to prevent the relapse of acute gastroenteritis.The patient is to follow up with Dr. Bai in one week.___________________________Yu Bai, MD。
肾脏内科学英语作文
肾脏内科学英语作文Title: A Comprehensive Overview of Nephrology。
Nephrology, a branch of internal medicine, focuses on the study and treatment of kidney diseases. With the kidneys playing a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within the body, understanding nephrology is essential for managing various health conditions. This essay delves into the fundamentals of nephrology, exploring its significance, common diseases, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities.The kidneys, shaped like beans, are vital organs located in the retroperitoneal space. They perform several crucial functions, including filtration of waste products, regulation of electrolyte balance, maintenance of fluid balance, and production of hormones like erythropoietin and renin. Dysfunction in these processes can lead to a spectrum of kidney diseases.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the prevalent conditions encountered in nephrology. It is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Common etiologies include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Early detection and management are crucial in slowing the progression of CKD and preventing complications such as cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Acute kidney injury (AKI) is another significant condition managed by nephrologists. AKI is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often secondary to ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs, or infections. Timely intervention is essential to prevent irreversible damage and restore renal function.Diagnostic evaluation in nephrology involves a comprehensive approach, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Key laboratory investigations include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine analysis, and kidney imaging (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI). These assessments aid inidentifying the underlying cause and severity of kidney disease.Treatment strategies in nephrology are tailored to the specific etiology and stage of kidney disease. Management may include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, renal replacement therapy, and surgical interventions. Pharmacological interventions often target blood pressure control, glycemic management, and reduction of proteinuriato preserve renal function. Renal replacement therapy, including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation, becomes necessary in advanced stages of CKD or in patients with ESRD.Patient education and counseling are integral components of nephrology care. Educating patients abouttheir condition, treatment options, dietary restrictions, and medication adherence empower them to activelyparticipate in their healthcare journey. Furthermore, nephrologists collaborate with multidisciplinary teams, including dietitians, social workers, and nephrology nurses, to provide holistic care and improve patient outcomes.In conclusion, nephrology encompasses the diagnosis and management of various kidney diseases, ranging from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. With the kidneys playing a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, understanding nephrology is paramount for healthcare professionals. Through early detection, comprehensive evaluation, and tailored interventions, nephrologistsstrive to preserve renal function, improve quality of life, and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with kidney diseases.。
(完整版)肾病常用英语专业词汇
肾病常用英语专业词汇Aacute urate nephropathy急性尿酸盐肾病adenocarcinoma of kidney肾腺癌adenocarcinoma of kidney;RCA;RCC;renal cell carcinoma;renal cell carcinoma of kidney 肾细胞癌adenoma,renal;adenomas of kidney;nephradenoma renal adenomas,cortical 肾腺瘤agenesis of kidney, anephrogenesis 肾缺如amyloidosis of bladder膀胱淀粉样变性amyloidosis of kidney; renal amyloidosis肾淀粉样变性anatrophic nephrolithotomy非萎缩性肾切开取石术anephrogenesis;renal agenesis肾发育不全aneurysm of renal artery; renal aneurysm肾动脉瘤angioinfarction-nephrectomy血管堵塞性肾切除atresia of ureter 输尿管闭锁autonephrectomy自截肾axial rotation of kidney肾轴性旋转Bbacterial pyelonephritis细菌性肾盂肾炎bench technique of kidney肾离体术benign renal tumor肾良性肿瘤bifid pelvis分叉型肾盂Ccalcified cyst of kidney肾钙化囊肿caliceal diverticulum;calyceal diverticulum;pyelogenic肾盏憩室calicoplasty肾盏成形术calyceal-venous fistula肾盏静脉瘘carcinoma of renal parenchyma肾实质癌carcinoma of renal pelvis; renal pelvic carcinoma肾盂癌CCacchi-Ricci disease;sponge kidney 海绵肾clear cell carcinoma of kidney; suprarenal epithelioma肾透明细胞癌clinical renal tuberculosis; clinical renal tuberculosis临床肾结核coagulum pyelolithotomy凝血块肾盂切开取石术confluent kidney;fused kidney交融肾congenital ectopic ureter先本性异位输尿管congenital megacalycosis先本性巨肾盏congenital renal cystic disease先本性肾囊性病contusion of kidney肾伤害cortical necrosis of kidney; renal cortical necrosis肾皮质坏死Cyst of kidney;Renal cyst肾囊肿Ddeformity of kidney肾畸形deformity of ureter输尿管畸形Dietl crisis迪特尔危象游走肾危象dilatation of ureter, ureterectasis; megalo-ureter;ureterectasia 输尿管扩充 disk kidney discoid kidneydisuse atrophy of kidneydysplastic megaloureterEembolization of renal artery 肾动脉栓塞术embryoma ofkidney;nephroblastoma;Whilms tumor;Wilmtumor;Wilm tumor ofkidney;Wilms tumor 肾母细胞瘤emphysematous pyelonephritis 气性肾盂肾炎endometriosis of kidney肾子宫内膜异位症endourology 腔道泌尿外科学excessively mobile kidney;hypermobile kidney;wandering kidney游走肾exploratory lumbotomy 剖腰探查术extended pyelolithotomy 扩大的肾盂切开取石术extrarenal pelvis 肾外型肾盂Ffetal kidney 胎儿肾fibroplasia of renal artery肾动脉纤维增患病fornico-venous fistula 穹窿静脉瘘Ggiant hydronephrosis 巨大肾积水glomerular hemodynamics 肾小球血流动力学 glomerulocystic disease 肾小球囊肿病granular cell carcinoma of kidney 肾颗粒细胞癌Hhemangioma of kidney肾血管瘤hemangioma of renal pelvis 肾盂血管瘤 hemorrhagic cyst of kidney 肾出血性囊肿heteroplastic tissue tumor of kidney肾异种组织肿瘤horseshoe kidney 马蹄形肾hydronephrosis;nephrohydrops;nephrohydrosis 肾积水Iinfantile kidney婴儿肾infarction of kidney, renal infarction 肾梗死injury of kidney; kidney injury;renal injury 肾损害intrarenal hydronephrosis 肾内肾积水Jjuxtaglomerular cell tumor 球旁细胞瘤 ,肾小球旁细胞瘤kidney abscess;nephrapostasis;renal abscess 肾脓肿 Llaceration of kidney 肾裂伤 leiomyoma of kidney肾光滑肌瘤leiomyosarcoma of kidney肾光滑肌瘤子盘状肾肾失用性萎缩 发育不良性巨输尿管leukoplakia of renal pelvis肾盂白斑病lipoma of kidney肾脂肪瘤lipomatosis of renal hilus肾门脂肪瘤样病liposarcoma of kidney肾脂肪瘤子L-shaped kidney L 形肾lump kidney团块肾lymphosarcoma of kidney肾淋巴瘤子Mmalignant fibrous histiocytoma of kidney肾恶性纤维组织细胞瘤medullary cystic disease of kidney肾髓质囊性病medullary ductal ectasia of kidney肾髓质管扩充medullary necrosis of kidney;renal medullary necrosis肾髓质坏死medullary sponge kidney髓质海绵肾,髓状海绵样肾megacalyx,megacalycosis巨肾盏megalo-ureter;megaloureter;ureteral neuromuscular dysplasia 巨输尿管mesoblastic nephroma 中胚叶肾瘤multilocular cystic nephroma多房性囊性肾瘤Nnecrotizing papillitis of kidney坏死性肾乳头炎nephrectomy肾切除术nephroblastoma肾胚细胞瘤nephrofixation;nephropexia;nephropexy;renifixation肾固定术nephrolithotomy肾切开取石术nephroptosis;renal ptosis肾下垂nephropyelostomy 肾 -肾盂造瘘术nephrostomy肾造瘘术nephrotomy肾切开术nephro-ureterectomy肾-输尿管切除术Ppapillary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状癌papilloma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状瘤parapelvic cyst肾盂旁囊肿pararenal pseudocyst 肾旁假囊肿partial nephrectomy; heminephrectomy 肾部分切除术pathological renal tuberculosis病理性肾结核pelvic kidney盆腔肾pelviotomy;pyelotomy肾盂切开术pelvioureterolysis; pyeloureterolysis肾盂输尿管松解术penetrating injury of kidney肾穿透伤percutaneous nephrostomy 经皮肾造瘘术perinephric cyst肾四周囊肿peripelvic cyst肾盂四周囊肿ploycystic renal disease;polycystic disease of kindeys;polycystic kidne多囊肾pseudotumor of kidney肾假性瘤purpura of kidney肾紫癜pyelitis cystica囊性肾盂炎pyelitis glandularis腺性肾盂炎pyelogenic cyst肾盂源性囊肿pyelointerstitial backflow肾盂间质反流pyelolithotomy; pelvilithotomy;pelviolithotomy肾盂切开取石术pyelolymphatic backflow肾盂淋巴反流pyelostomy 肾盂造瘘术pyelovenous backflow肾盂静脉反流pyohydronephrosis脓性肾积水pyonephrosis 肾积脓Rradical nephrectomy根治性肾切除术Randall plaques肾钙斑RCA;renal cortical abscess肾皮质脓肿Reiter syndrome莱特尔综合征renal arteriovenous fistula肾动静脉瘘renal atrophy 肾萎缩renal carbuncle肾痈renal carcinoma肾癌renal cavernostomy肾病灶消除术renal cortical adenoma;adenoma,renal cortical;renal cortical adenomas肾皮质腺瘤renal duplication重复肾renal dysplasia肾发育不良renal ectopia, ectopic kidney 肾异位renal fibrolipomatosis 肾纤维脂肪瘤样病renal fibroma肾纤维瘤renal hemangiopericytoma肾血管外皮细胞瘤renal lymphoblastoma肾淋巴母细胞瘤renal lymphoma肾淋巴瘤renal malrotation肾旋转异样renal oncocytoma肾嗜酸细胞瘤renal sinus lipomatosis肾窦脂肪瘤样病renal tuberculosis with contralateral hydronephrosis肾结查对侧肾积水renal tubular backflow肾小管反流reninoma, renin-secreting tumor肾素瘤reno-vascular reconstruction肾血管重修术retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy; RPLAD腹膜后淋奉承切除术retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy RPLAD腹膜后淋奉承病rhabdomyoid Wilms tumor横纹肌样肾母细胞瘤rupture of kidney肾破碎rupture of renal pedicle肾蒂断裂Ssarcoma of kidney; nephrosarcoma肾瘤子schwannoma of kidney肾神经鞘瘤segmental dysplasia of kidney节段性肾发育不良sickle cell nephropathy镰状细胞肾病simple cyst of kidney纯真性肾囊肿solitary kidney孤立肾spleno-renal arterial anastomosis脾肾动脉符合术squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂鳞状细胞癌S-shaped kidney S 形肾staghorn stone of kidney肾鹿角状结石stenosis of renal artery; renal arterial stenosis;renal artery stenosis肾动脉狭小(RAS) stripping of renal lymphatic vessel肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术subcapsular nephrectomy包膜下肾切除术supernumerary kidney额外肾suprahilar lymphadenectomy肾门上淋奉承切除术Ttelangiectasis of renal pelvis肾盂毛细血管扩充症thoracic kidney胸内肾thrombosis of renal artery肾动脉栓塞thrombosis of renal vein肾静脉栓塞transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂移行细胞癌tuberculosis of calyx肾盏结核tubulorrhexis肾小管破碎tumor of kidney肾肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis肾盂肿瘤Uunipapillary kidney单乳头肾ureteral dysplasia输尿管发育不良urology 泌尿外科学Vvarix of pelvis肾盂静脉曲张vasomotor nephropathy血管运动性肾病Xxanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎。
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Admission note
A 37-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital because of hematuria and proteinuria for two years on July 12, 2013. The patient was admitted to local hospital for the injury of left knee and the urinary routine test showed hematuria and proteinuria. Then the hematuria and proteinuria disappeared without any treatment. In November, 2012, she came to the local hospital for the back pain. The urinary routine test showed urine protein (++) with RBC (++), and daily urine protein was up to 0.4g. No treatment was given. Review test showed urine protein (+++), RBC (+++) and daily urine protein 0.445 g in January, 2013. She came to our outpatient department for better diagnosis and treatment in February, 2013. The test showed urine protein (+), RBC (+++), daily urine protein 0.46 g, ANA (+):1:100, dsDNA (-) and normal C3, C4. Considered the case as chronic glomerulonephritis, she was given the treatment of Valsartan 80 mg qd and periodic review. The tests in April and June showed daily urine protein 1.09 g and 0.929 g. The tests on June 28, 2013 showed daily urine protein 1.05 g, Albumin/ Serum creatinine 1056 g/mg. The patient felt fatigue and exertional dyspnea recently and she denied fever, hypertension, edema, cough, high glucose, oral ulcers, arthralgia, rash and HBV history. She was admitted to the hospital for further treatment. The patient was in good nutritional and conscious condition on admission. And there were no problems in sleeping and excretion.
Past history:She is not married. She denied hepatitis or tuberculosis in the past. She denied operation, trauma, blood transfusion and allergy history. No smoking or alcohol abuse. No history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. No family diseases history.
Physical examination: Temperature 37°C, Pulse 80/min, Respiration 20/min, Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg. The patient is well developed and moderately nourished. Regular respirations. Natural good erect posture. Clear and cooperative in mentality. Natural facial expression. No enlarged lymph nodes. No jaundice and lustrous. No cyanosis and bruises. The pupils are round, equal, and reactive well to light and accommodation. Supple neck, the thyroid is not enlarged. The trachea is in the midline. No jugular vein prominence or abnormal pulsation. Chest contour is normal. No apophysis or focal tenderness. Hyperresonance on percussion. Breath sounds are normal. No precordial heave. PMI and cardiac are within normal limit. Heart rate is 80 bpm. No pathologic cardiac murmur at each valvular area. The abdomen is soft, nontender and without rebound. Liver and spleen are non-palpable below the ribs. Murphy’s sigh (-). No shifting dullness. Bowel sounds are normal. Renal percussion is normal. No malformation or disorder of the movement of axial bones. Thick limbs. Muscle tenderness. Decreased muscle strength of four limbs. NS (-).
Laboratory examination: The blood routine: WBC 6.98×109/L, RBC 4.39×1012/L, Hb 131 g/L, neutrophils 66.8%, lymphocyte 27.4%, Plt 232×109/L.
Urinary routine: urine protein (++), RBC (+++), RBC 263.8/uL, tube 2.13/uL.
Immunological test: Ig M 3.7 g/L.
HBV test: Anti-HBs 83.56 IU/L, Anti-HBc (+).
Renal test: Scr 46 umol/L.
Liver test: Albumin 35 g/L, Globulin 30 g/L, A/G 1/1.17, Prealbumin 221 mg/L.
Diagnose: Nephritic syndrome, CKD I.
Sign: Li Zhou。