最新6、12月英语六级真题(含答案)
2022年12月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版
2022年12月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版英语六级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。
无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参考。
Conversation 01.M：Welcome to the Book Club. Today's guest is Susan Lane, the author of a new book on personal finances that has already sold half a million copies. Hi, Susan. Your book is extremely successful. Why do you think that is?W：I think that's because of my message, which is making happiness a priority over money. So many of us in my generation have spent decades trying to earn more money just to consume more, but it made us more miserable.M：You yourself were once caught in that cycle, working for two decades as an executive and earning a high salary, but still accumulating debt.W: I most certainly was. I earned million. But by the time I quit my job four years ago to become a writer, I owed over $30,000.M: So how did you escape that pattern and what would you advise other people to do? W: The first change isn't what we value. We need to emphasize things that actually make us happy, like relationships, the environment, or even our hobbies. Once we make the right things our priority . Our goals will change and so will our financial behavior.M:How does that translate into practical action? Can you give our audience examples of what you're talking about? On an everyday basis?W: The major areas for action are usually housing, food, and transportation. So people might share a home with friends instead of living on their own. Bring lunch from home instead of going to restaurants and use public transport instead of owning a car.M: Those sound like major sacrifices. I could never share my home. I need my own space,W: But they aren't sacrifices. When people change their values, their desires change. So in the example of housing, if we value relationships, sharing a home isn't depriving ourselves of space. But giving us an opportunity to spend more time with our loved ones.M: Indeed it is.Q1. What message does the woman convey in her book?Q2. What do we learn about the woman before she became a writer?Q3. What does the woman say about one's financial behavior?Q4. What does the man say about sharing a home?Conversation 02.W: Thank you for inviting me to the gallery, Christopher. I haven't visited heresince your predecessor's retirement function.M: Would you like to see the newest additions to our collection First? Catherine. W: Are those the landscapes? By Danielle Gregory? I absolutely adore her work. M: This first piece was a gift to the gallery from the artist herself, and it's quite exquisite.W:I love how she depicts the barren landscape. The colors compliment each other perfectly.M: You can sense the desolation in the picture. This piece was inspired by Gregory's recent trek in the Goy Desert.W: And how did you obtain her other piece over here?M: It was purchased at auction by an anonymous collector who lent it to the gallery for display.This composition is one of her most acclaimed paintings.W: It must have cost that collector a small fortune to purchase this.M: Obviously, I can't disclose the exact amount he paid, but it was substantial. W: There's so much detail in this painting. I feel like I can really immerse myself in the scene. I particularly like the symmetry created by the reflection of the mountain in the lake.M: This particular piece was the one that was nominated for a gateway award. I was lucky enough to attend the award ceremony as Gregory's guest.W: So you know her personally, I assume she's an eccentric artist.M:Quite the opposite. In fact, she's not at all eccentric. I would say she's one of the most easygoing and intelligent people I know.W: I'd love to be able to meet her. There are so many questions I'd like to ask. What a coincidence.M: I'm meeting her for dinner tonight. Would you like to come along?W: I'd love to. thank you.Q5. What do we learn about one of the newest additions to the gallery's collection? Q6. What does the man say about one of the most acclaimed paintings by Daniel Gregory? Q7. Why does the woman say she can feel immersed in the scene in the painting?Q8. How does the man describe Danielle Gregory?Passage 01.Forgiveness is the release of resentment or anger. Forgiveness doesn't mean reconciliation. We don't have to return to the same relationship, nor do we have to accept the same harmful behaviors from an offender. Forgiveness is vitally important for the mental health of certain victims. It propels people forward rather than keeping them emotionally engaged in an injustice or trauma. Carrying the hurt or anger of an offense leads the body to release stress chemicals. Eliminating the perpetual flow of those chemicals may also explain why forgiveness provides physical health benefits. There are scenarios in which forgiveness is not the best course. Sometimes a victim becomes more empowered when they give themselves permission not to forgive. Forgiveness can be challenging . This is especially true when the offending party offers an insincere apology, or maybe they haven't offered anythingat all. However, it's often the healthiest path forward. It's important to cultivate forgiveness by developing compassion for the offender. Reflect on whether the act was due to malicious intent or whether it was caused by challenging circumstances in the offender's life. What about forgiving ourselves? We sometimes need to take responsibility for mistakes, but intense guilt and shame aren't a desirable outcome in the long run, forgiving yourself may seem like an ambiguous process. You can begin by acknowledging that you are at fault. Take responsibility for the hurt you caused. Then reflect on why the event, draw the lessons you learned and try to avoid committing a similar offense in the future.Q09. What does the passage say about forgiveness?Q10. When is forgiveness especially challenging?Q11. What should one do in order to forgive the offender?Passage 02The Glasgow Subway first opened in 1896 as a cable hauled system. It is generally recognized as the world's third underground railway after London and Budapest. In its long history, it has never been expanded, remaining as a single loop line with a mere 15 stations. At its peak, it served the shipyard workers on the south side of the city.In the 1960s, there was a decline in the ship building industry, and the popularity of private transport grew. As a result, the subway saw a rapid decline in ridership. It ran with little further change until 1977 when its new operators closed it for major modernization investment. carriages were replaced, Ventilation was improved. And the main depot was also renovated and fitted with connecting tracks to replace the outdated crane transfer mechanism. The subway in its present form reopened for operation in April, 1980. Since its relaunch, the subway has seen a revival in its fortunes. It serves as a viable alternative to other forms of transport, and has gone a long way to alleviate traffic jams in the city center.In 1996, the system reached an important milestone 100 years. To commemorate this special event, the color scheme of the train carriages was updated. recently, High tech systems such as smart card ticketing machines and smart gates are used across all subway stations. The SMART card provides more convenient travel and passengers simply top up their cards and tap them to get in and out the subway. Since its launch, the technology has been adopted by more than 100,000 subway customers.Q12. What does the passage say about the Glasgow subway in the 1960s?Q13. Why was the Glasgow subway closed in 1977?Q14. Why does the Glasgow subway remain important today?Q15. What does the passage say about all subway stations in Glasgow nowadays?Lecture 1If you visit the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Chances are: you will rememberthe roadside or campground bears. Above all else, theirs are the most popular animals in a number of our national parks and these mountains where the population of bears runs into the hundreds. Opportunities to observe these large wild animals are plentiful during the summer. Since national parks are wildlife sanctuaries where no disturbance of the native animals is allowed, years of protection have served to break down the wild bear's fear of humans. Now instead of depending on their own resources for a living, many bears, patrol park roads and campgrounds, they give the garbage cans a frequent, going over an occasional offer of food from a park visitor and illegal and dangerous practice makes beggars of them. Bears are very often hungry, and since they will feed on almost any kind of plant or animal, garbage is quite acceptable. Feeding them however represents misguided kindness because the bears come to expect such generosity from everyone, and consequently, trouble could lie ahead.Park rules prohibit the feeding of bears. Violators are arrested. Every year, Doctors who have offices near the park treat a number of cases of bear bites and bear scratches. Some of the accidents have come about in strange ways. One man was in the process of feeding two small cubs when the mother bear appeared and insisted upon having some of the food shoving the big bear aside with one hand.The man continued feeding the cubs when suddenly he was struck a fierce blow in the face. A bear prompted by the food that a lady kept offering to him entered the car where the generous person was sitting. Her efforts to push the bear out of the car resulted in injuries. A man required medical attention after he applied a lighted cigarette to a bear's noses.Another man tried to boost a bear into the front seat of his car so that he might take a picture of a bear sitting beside his wife who was behind the wheel. Because bears prefer roads and campgrounds. The possibility of a hiker meeting up with a bear along park trails is small, but there's always that chance for a bear seems to know if you are carrying a lunch or a candy bar, he may even insist on taking it.Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 16 what does the speaker say about the bears in National Parks now? question 17 what does the speaker say about visitors feeding bears in national parks? Question 18 what is the speaker's advice to people who carry some food while hiking on a park trail?Lecture 02Why do we form opinions or attitudes about someone or something without really knowing much about them? Just hearing something good or bad about a person, a place or thing can influence our opinions positively or negatively. But letting the opinions of another person determine what our opinions will be is dangerous. Forming opinions about someone or something before really knowing them well is called prejudice. Pre means before, and Judice refers to judgment, hence prejudice means to judge before having adequate knowledge, we can be prejudiced toward or againstsomeone or something. In either case, we are only allowing ourselves to see half of the picture. Very few people or things in this world are all good or all bad. Prejudiced attitudes are usually based on myths, half truths or incorrect information, and they're dangerous because they can keep us from learning the truth about someone or something. People form prejudices against others for many reasons, differences in their race, religion, gender, or occupation. prejudices keep people apart. They keep us from really knowing and understanding each other. We should feel proud of who we are and the group of people we represent. If feelings of pride begin to turn to feelings of superiority, when we think that our group or our beliefs are better than those around us, however, then we begin to develop prejudiced attitudes that can be harmful. For example, the prejudiced attitudes of one group may keep another group from attending certain schools, from living in any neighborhood they want or from getting a job or a promotion. Extreme feelings of prejudice have caused the deaths of innocent people. We are responsible for our own thoughts and opinions. When we let someone else tell us what to think about someone or something, we are giving up some control of our own. Before you form an attitude or opinion, find out for yourself about the person or the thing in question. Sometimes we don't realize that we hold prejudiced attitudes toward or against someone or something. We need to carefully examine our lives and our fears and to ask ourselves whether our attitudes come from our personal knowledge and experience, or from rumors and fear of the unknown. The good news about prejudice is that we are not born with it. Prejudiced attitudes and opinions develop over time, but with education and knowledge, we can replace our prejudices with cooperation and understanding.Q19. Why does the speaker say about prejudice？Q20. Why does the speaker say prejudiced attitudes are dangerous?Q21. When does the speaker say we begin to develop prejudiced attitudes?Lecture 03When I started high school, it was a shock. I had spent eight years fighting my way to be the most popular kid in the Catholic school student body.I had been a big, tough eighth grader, and suddenly I was a lowly ninth grader, bullied by the big, tough 12th grade seniors who ran the high school.I realized then that it's nice to strive for something. But that you also have to enjoy the moment you're in and be happy where you are.Rock and Roll had always been an important part of my life. I remember my friends and I used to drive around until the late hours of the nights listening to the Music of Rock and Roll Legends.During those teenage years, I built friendships that I thought would last a lifetime.Most people that age think the same thing, but people drift apart. Jobs, families, and tragedies separate people from those lasting friendships. The tragedy that separated me from my friends forever was the Vietnam War.A year after I graduated from high school, I left for Vietnam.I came back burned out and tired, as though I had lived 10 lifetimes in the short span of 14 months.The 14 months I was in the war. I couldn't relate to the friends I had had in high school. They still seemed childish, concerned with childish things that weren't important to me. I was still trying to cope with the death, destruction, and evil I had seen in Vietnam.I felt like we had done terrible things to innocent people there, and in turn, I had seen terrible things done to my friends. I withdrew from my friends and started college.Then I quit collage and took many different jobs. I spent a lot of my time and money on alcohol and other drugs. Finally, in an effort to get my life going in the right direction again, I sold everything and took what little money I had and bought myself an airplane ticket to Israel.I went there to study history while studying at High Five University, I met my wife, who was also an American student. I now teach in a high school back in America. I look at my students and see them struggling with many of the very things I struggled with many years ago.As a teacher, I try to help them over the rough spots as best I can.Q22. How did the speaker feel when he started high school?Q23. What did the speaker once think of teenage friendships?Q24. What do we learn about the speaker when he returned from the Vietnam War?Q25. What does the speaker try to do as a teacher?写作部分（共3套）更多样、有效的学习方式Learn in diverse and effective waysWith the application of information technology in education, college students can now learn in more diverse and effective ways. Benefited from this, students' learning efficiency and learning effect has been improved.First of all, studying through the online courses offered by the university is the most common way for college students to study nowadays. Online education gets rid of the traditional offline teaching mode, so that students are no longer restrictedby time and place. Even thousands of miles away, through the Internet, students can learn knowledge anytime and anywhere, which greatly saves time. Secondly, through the Internet, many college students can achieve unprecedented interaction, feedback and communication with teachers, classmates and friends. The learning scope and communication objects are also expanded with the application of information technology in education, which is more convenient and efficient than the traditional learning methods. Finally, college students can learn what they are interested in through a variety of online platforms, which cover a broader and more cutting-edge range of knowledge than what is taught in school.We college students should actively adapt to and effectively make use of the more diversified and effective learning styles. Only in this way can we quickly grow into the talents needed by the society.辩证思维In an era of information explosion, it is vitally important to develop the ability to think critically and make rational choices. There are two sides to everything, dialectical thinking is of great importance for students because it is helpful in the process of learning and students can benefit from it in the professional life as well.To begin with, students can benefit from the ability to think critically In the study. There is an old Chinese saying that it is better not to believe in books at all, rather than to believe in them implicitly. This proverb indicates that through dialectical thinking students can discern the true from the false to make rational judgments in their learning . Second, dialectical thinking will help us have a more reasonable perception of different aspects and factors in the work. When we analyze everything around us in a more holistic way, we are more likely to be driven by favorable factors and have a greater chance of success in the workplace.To sum up, in the age of information explosion, we must apply dialectical thinking and make rational choices to write a colorful book of life.加强培养大学生的团队精神Just as the saying goes, “many hands make light job” . In modern society, it’s beyond all doubt that the team spirit is a key factor contributing to success, therefore, it is deemed essential to place a increasingly high value on cultivating college students' team spirit.In my view, there are a couple of reasons for the necessity of strengthening teamwork. To begin with, teamwork provides each student a chance to communicate with others. By discussing as a team member, they are able to be aware of their disadvantages that are hardly be discovered by themselves, and their horizons, to some extent, will be broadened in the meantime. In addition, to cultivate the college students' team spirit is conducive to saving their time and energy so that they are available to other activities in campus. Last but not least, college students will enter society one day, hence they should equip themselves with the competence of working together.In a word, one thing for certain is to increase the importance of cultivating the college students' team spirit is what we should do in the future.听力部分来源参考：有道考神、对啊、星火英语、网络综合。
2023年12月大学英语六级真题
12月大学英语六级真题Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours tochop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should writeat least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsThe Way to SuccessPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organize the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Booksfor Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善旳) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Danton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jaundice and Jaundice case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, thatalmost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defense, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright–arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Bluffed, of the Sheila Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering task."In , the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rightsholders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is _____.A) to serve the interest of the general publicB) to encourage reading around the worldC) to save out-of-print books in librariesD) to promote its core business of searching2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will _____.A) broaden humanity's intellectual horizonsB) help the broad masses of readersC) revolutionize the entire book industryD) make full use of the power of its search engine3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlled by _____.A) non-profit organizations C) multinational companiesB) the world's leading libraries D) the world's tech giants4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____.A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print booksB) the copyright of the books it scannedC) the interest of traditional booksellersD) the differences of in-print and out-of-print books5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____.A) it displays only a small part of their contentB) it is willing to compensate the copyright holdersC) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyrightD) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google?A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America.B) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation.C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers.D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes.7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended?A) The compensation for copyright holders.B) The change in Google's business model.C) Google's further exploitation of its database.D) The commercial provisions of the settlement.8. While _____________, Google makes money by selling advertising.9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____________.10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously ___________ in the future.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Boththe conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question therewill be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
(2023年)浙江省宁波市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)
（2023年）浙江省宁波市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、1.Writing(10题)1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students' Interpersonal Relationship. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 调查显示，某大学61%的学生需要人际关系方面的心理帮助2. 出现这种情况的主要原因3. 我的建议2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Who Has the Most Important Influence on the Young. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有些人认为家人对青少年的影响最大。
2．有些人认为朋友对青少年的影响最大。
3．我的看法。
3. 1．目前社会上存在着迷信文凭的现象2．造成这一现象的原因3．我对此的观点4. For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic "The 1998 Summer Flood". You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 洪水所造成的损失：受灾面积……，伤亡人数……，经济损失……元，受灾最为严重的省份是……2. 江主席、党中央十分关心受灾区和人民，亲自指挥抗洪抢险，取得了最后胜利。
12月英语六级真题及答案(3)[精选]doc
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2020年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes) Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline givenbelow.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;3. 在我看来……My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing〞back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis〞, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour for ce, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful cou ntries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old〞countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it bri efly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
12月英语六级听力考试试题及答案
12月英语六级听力考试试题及答案12月英语六级听力考试试题及答案Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A11. [A] He accepts the woman’s invitation.[B] He doesn’t think Susan will agree to go.[C] He doesn’t want to accept the woman’s invitation.[D] He has to ask for Susan’s opinion and then he can decide.12. [A] She has bread every morning.[B] She eats eggs every morning.[C] She has a lot to eat for breakfast.[D] She does not know what to eat for breakfast.13. [A] The tickets will sell out quickly.[B] There will be extra tickets at the rock concert.[C] The rock concert will probably be rescheduled.[D] Each person will be allowed to buy only one ticket.14. [A] He is probably a playboy.[B] He doesn’t know many pretty girls.[C] He is rather famous among students.[D] It is unusual for Jim to know girls in other departments.15. [A] At a bookstore. [B] At the dentist’s.[C] In a restaurant. [D] In the library.16. [A] T om isn’t good at singing.[B] Tom is advised not to talk much.[C] Tom just had a surgery on his throat.[D] Tom is encouraged by his doctor to speak more.17. [A] Cancel the meeting.[B] Meet her in the auditorium.[C] Reserve a large room for the meeting.[D] Schedule the meeting for a different time.18. [A] T o change the shoes for another size.[B] To change the shoes for another style.[C] To return the shoes and get the refund.[D] To change the shoes for a different color.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Common causes of anger. [B] Judging people’s behavior.[C] Changing people’s attitudes. [D] The effects of negative behavior.20. [A] When they’re unable to control the person’s behavior.[B] When the causes of the behavior are obvious.[C] When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant.[D] When the behavior is expected.21. [A] It’s not always clear why people behave in certain ways.[B] People usually blame others for their mistakes.[C] Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely.[D] The reason for some behavior is obvious.22. [A] They usually accept responsibility.[B] They blame factors beyond their control.[C] They complain about their personal problems.[D] They compare their behavior to others.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] She can’t find a job.[B] She doesn’t know how to manage a book store.[C] She wants to quit her current job in the IBM office.[D] She has no idea which of the two job offers is better.24. [A] She will earn less. [B] It takes too much time to go there.[C] It has nothing to do with her study. [D] She has no interest in that field.25. [A] Accept the job offer from the book store.[B] Accept the job offer from IBM.[C] In the holiday work in IBM and in the next school year work in the book store.[D] Give up both offers and find another one in the next school year.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] They think exactly the same way.[B] They are not physically separated.[C] They share most of their vital organs.[D] They make decisions by tossing coins.27. [A] Few of them can live long.[B] Most of them live a normal life.[C] Few of them get along well with each other.[D] Most of them differ in their likes and dislikes.28. [A] They have a private tutor. [B] They go to a regular school.[C] They attend a special school. [D] They are taught by their parents.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have justheard.29. [A] Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site.[B] Marking the houses in an area similar to one another.[C] Deciding where a house will be built.[D] Surrounding a building with wild flowers and plants.30. [A] They are changed to make the site more interesting.[B] They are expanded to limit the amount of construction.[C] They are integrated into the design of the building.[D] They are removed for construction.31. [A] Many architects studied with Wright.[B] Wright started the practice of “land-scraping”.[C] Wright used elements of envelope building.[D] Most of the houses Wright built were made of stone.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] A study on twelve young children’s brains.[B] The benefit from musical training for children.[C] New technology to examine children’s brains.[D] The benefit of music lessons for the memory and learning capability.33. [A] Scientists got no valuable results from the earlier studies on the topic.[B] Children musically trained remember things better than those untrained.[C] Older children get more benefit from musical training than younger ones.[D] The study is the first one on the effect of musical training on children’s brains.34. [A] None of them had been musically trained before.[B] Only 6 of them had a knowledge of music before.[C] Not all of them had been taught some music in school.[D] All of them were required to learn some music in school.35. [A] Human brains prefer musical sounds to white noise.[B] Children of different ages respond to sounds at the same speed.[C] All the twelve children like to learn to play the violin very much.[D] The older a child is, the more quickly he/she responds to sounds.Section CThe place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally (36) _______, put to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didn’t (37) _______ their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity.In Western civilization within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In agricultural Europe the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes religious (38) _______ were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child’s soul.By the eighteenth century the harsh and (39) _______ methods began to show some changes. Society slowly (40) _______ children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and (41) _______ laws were passed for their protection.In the past few (42) _______ parents have become moreattentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer (43) _______ for a limited few.(44)____________________________________________________________________ ______. Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that (45) ____________________________________________________________________ ______.The tendency today is for teachers and parents to emphasize individual responsibility and to stress that (46) ____________________________________________________________________ ______.【答案与解析】：Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A下载文档润稿写作咨询。
2013年12月六级考试真题答案解析(一)
2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案与详解Part ⅠWriting1、审题:这是一篇评论性话题作文。
首先，抓住题目中的主题词life和meaningful,避免跑题。
接着，借助谚语内容（将生命花在比生命更长远的事上，就是尽用生命），谚语与题目相结合，可提炼出主题：怎样使生命更有意义。
然后，弄清题目与谚语的关系：主题与例证关系勒最后，确定行文思路：引出话题+提出观点+举例论证+总结建议；总结时，注意要观点明确，贴合所给主题，切勿模棱两可。
2、写作思路：第一段：以“总一分一总”形式引出话题，解释谚语。
第二段：提出观点，指出自己将怎样做，并举例论证。
第三段：做出呼吁，提出建议，总结全文。
Ho w to Li ve a Meanin gful Li fePeople always say that the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it. On the one hand, life is spent on something for the future, or for our offspring. For example, people work to build the Three Gorges Dam to make electricity. On the other hand, doing some little but meaningful things can also show the greatest useof life, such as offering a seat to a woman with a child.I will do the following things to make my life meaningful. First, I will plant trees every year to contribute my effort to make the sky blue and the water clean. Second, I will learn my major biology well to cure some diseases, such as cancers. Third, as the saying goes, to do your own job is to contribute your effort to the society.Only by spending our life for something that will outlast it can we contribute to our society. For one thing, we should learn from Lei Feng who did little but meaningful things. For another, we can do whatever we can to protect the environment. In a word, we can make our life meaningful by doing meaningful things.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：W: Has my order arrived yet? I had been expecting it since last week.M: I called the company this morning. They had some labor problems, so your order will be shipped late. It should be here by the end of the week.Q: What has caused the delay of the shipment?【预测】选项中的weather conditions, labor problems和an error in the order均为可能导致送货推迟的原因表明，对话可能与送货推迟的原因有关。
12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（3）
12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（3）20. A) Most of them are specially made for his shop.B) All of them are manufactured in his own plant.C) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.D) About half of them are unavailable on the market.21. A) They specialise in one product only. C) They run chain stores in central London.B) They have outlets throughout Britain. D) They sell by mail order only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) It publishes magazines. C) It runs sales promotion campaigns.B) It sponsors trade fairs. D) It is engaged in product design.23. A) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.B) The woman's company made last-minute changes.C) The woman's company failed to make payments in time.D) Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.24. A) Extend the campaign to next year. C) Run another four-week campaign.B) Cut the fee by half for this year. D) Give her a 10 percent discount.25. A) Stop negotiating for the time being. C) Reflect on their respective mistakesB) Calm down and make peace. D) Improve their promotion plans.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
最新大学英语六级(CET-6)12月模拟训练高频达标题3(附答案)
最新大学英语六级(CET-6)模拟训练高频达标题学校：姓名：考号：特别提醒一、考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1. 必须在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、阅读、翻译、听力各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅资料和交头接耳。
听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员会立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。
3. 作文题内容印在试题背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。
4. 选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦干净。
二、答题前，认真完成以下内容:1. 请将试题背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，要将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
2. 请检查试题背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时要向监考员反映，必须确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
3. 请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写学校名称、准考证号、姓名，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。
三、以下情况按违规处理:1. 未正确填写(涂)个人信息、毁损、错贴、不贴条形码粘贴条。
2. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。
3. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
4. 未按规定翻阅资料、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。
亲爱的考生们：沉着应试，认真书写，祝你取得过关成功！Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Her house has not been repaired in time.B) She has failed to reach the manager again.C)Her claim has been completely disregarded.D) She has not received any letter from the man.2. A) The ground floor of their cottage was flooded.B) Their caravan was washed away by the flood.C) Their entire house was destroyed by the flood.D) The roof of their cottage collapsed in the flood.3. A) The woman’s misreading of the insurance company’s letter.B) The woman’s ignorance of the insurance company’s policy.C) The woman’s inaccurate description of the whole incident.D) The woman’s failure to pay her house insurance in time.4. A) File a lawsuit against the insurance company.B) Talk to the manager of Safe House Insurance.C) Consult her lawyer about the insurance policy.D) Revise the terms and conditions of the contract.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They work in different fields of AI technology.B) They disagree about the future of Al technology.C) They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.D) They are both worried about the negative impact of technology.6. A) Simply writing Al software.B) Stimulating and motivating.C)Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.D) More demanding and requiring special training.7. A) There could be jobs nobody wants to do.B) Digital life could replace human civilization.C) Humans would be tired of communicating with one another.D) Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.8. A) Life will become like a science fiction film.B) It will take away humans’ jobs altogether.C) Chips will be inserted in human brains.D) It will be smarter than human beings.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Restrain themselves from high-risk investments.B) Save one-fifth of their net monthly income.C)Invest shrewdly in lucrative businesses.D) Try to earn as much money as possible.10. A) Start by doing something small. C) Try to stick to their initial plan.B)Ask a close friend for advice. D) Cut 20% of their daily spending.11. A) An optimistic attitude. C) A proper mindset.B) An ambitious plan. D) A keen interest.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A)She was uninterested in advertising. C) She was unhappy with fashion trends.B) She found her outfit inappropriate. D) She often checked herself in a mirror.13. A)To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.B) To meet the expectations of fashion-conscious clients.C) To keep up with the current trends.D) To save the expenses on clothing.14. A) It enhances people’s ability to work independently.B) It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.C) It matters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.D) It boosts one’s confidence when looking for employment.15. A) Design their own uniform to appear unique.B) Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.C)Fight the ever-changing trends in fashion.D) Do whatever is possible to look smart.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Their obsession with consumption. C) The ever-increasing costs of housing.B) Their failure to accumulate wealth. D) The deterioration of the environment.17. A) Things that are rare to find. C) Things that boost efficiency.B) Things that cost less money. D) Things that we cherish most.18. A) They serve multiple purposes. C) They are mostly durable.B) They benefit the environment. D) They are easily disposable.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) All respondents were afraid of making a high expense claim.B) A number of respondents gave an average answer of 400 miles.C) Over 10% of the respondents lied about the distance they drove.D) Most of the respondents got compensated for driving 384 miles.20. A) They responded to colleagues’ suspicion.B) They cared about other people’s claims.C) They wanted to protect their reputation.D) They endeavored to actually be honest.21. A) They seem positive. C) They are illustrative.B) They seem intuitive. D) They are conclusive.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Deterioration in the quality of new music.B) Insights into the features of good music.C) Older people’s changing musical tastes.D) Older people’s aversion to new music.23. A) They no longer listen to new music.B) They find all music sounds the same.C) They can make subtle distinctions about music.D) They seldom listen to songs released in their teens.24. A) The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar it’ll be to you.B) The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you’ll understand it.C) The more you experience something, the longer you’ll remember it.D) The more you experience something, the better you’ll appreciate it.25. A) Teenagers’ memories are more lasting.B) Teenagers’ emotions are more intense.C)Teenagers are much more sensitive.D) Teenagers are much more sentimental.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Social distancing is putting people out of work, canceling school and tanking the stock market. It has been 26 by fear, and it is creating even more fear as money problems and uncertainty grow. However, at its core is love, and a sacrifice to protect those most 27 to the coronavirus (冠状病毒)effects —the elderly, people with compromised immune systems, and those whose life-saving resources would be used up by a 28 epidemic.Americans make life-saving decisions every day as a matter of course. We cut food into bite-sized pieces, we wear seatbelts, and we take care not to exceed the speed limit. But social distancing is 29 in that it is completely self-sacrificing. Those who will benefit may be the elderly relatives of the 30 person we didn’t pass in Starbucks, on the subway, or in the elevator.Social distancing is millions of people making hundreds of sacrifices to keep the elderly alive. It doesn’t include the 31 to run from society or make an excuse to avoid one’s obligations — such as life-saving medical work or the parental obligation to buy groceries. What it does include is applying love through caution. And in doing so, it offers an 32 opportunity for those who care about the elderly to find new ways to love them.If we’re not 33 as much in our normal work or school, we have extra time to call parents and grandparents. We can also ask elderly relatives how to best support them 34 and use our sacrifices as an opportunity to bring us, our community and the world 35 .A) amazing I) sentimentallyB) closer J) spirituallyC) driven K) temptationsD) engaged L) thriftierE) malignant M) tickledF) oppressing N) uniqueG) premises O) vulnerableH) randomSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.Why Lifelong Learning Is the International Passport to SuccessA) Picture yourself at a college graduation day, with a fresh cohort (一群)of students about to set sail for new horizons. What are they thinking while they throw their caps in the air? What is it with this thin sheet of paper that makes it so precious? It’s not only the proof of acquired knowledge but plays into the reputation game of where you were trained. Being a graduate from Harvard Law School carries that extra glamour, doesn’t it? Yet take a closer look, and the diploma is the perfect ending to the modern tragedy of education.B) Why? Because universities and curricula are designed along the three unities of French classical tragedy: time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). This classical model has traditionally produced prestigious universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society—which allows everybody who is connected to the internet to access learning — and by the need to acquire skills in step with a fast-changing world. Universities must reali se that learning in your 20s won’t be enough. If technological diffusion and implementation develop faster, workers will have to constantly refresh their skills.C) The university model needs to evolve. It must equip students with the right skills and knowledge to compete in a world ‘where value will be derived largely from human interaction and the ability to inventand interpret things that machines cannot’，as the English futurist Richard Watson puts it. By teaching foundational knowledge and up-to-date skills, universities will provide students with the future-proof skills of lifelong learning, not just get them ‘job-ready’.D) Some universities already play a critical role in lifelong learning as they want to keep the value of their diplomas. This new role comes with a huge set of challenges, and needs largely to be invented. One way to start this transformation process could be to go beyond the ‘five-year diploma model’ to adapt curricula to lifelong learning. We call this model the lifelong passport.E) The Bachelor’s degree could be your passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, students would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their lives. For instance, physics allows you to observe and rationalise the world, but also to integrate observations into models and, sometimes, models into theories or laws that can be used to make predictions. Mathematics is the language used to formulate the laws of physics or economy, and to make rigorous computations that turn into predictions. These two disciplines naturally form the foundational pillars of education in technical universities.F) Recent advances in computational methods and data science push us into rethinking science and engineering. Computers increasingly become principal actors in leveraging data to formulate questions, which requires radically new ways of reasoning. Therefore, a new discipline blending computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would allow you to keep learning complex technical subjects all your life because numeracy(计算)is the foundation upon which everything else is eventually built.G) According to this new model, the Master of Science (MSc) would become the first stamp in the lifelong learning journey. The MSc curriculum should prepare students for their professional career by allowing them to focus on acquiring practical skills through projects.H) Those projects are then interwoven with fast-paced technical modules (模块)learned ‘on-the-fly ’ and ‘at will’ depending on the nature of the project. If, for instance, your project is developing an integrated circuit, you will have to take a module on advanced concepts in microelectronics. The most critical skills will be developed before the project even starts, in the form of boot camps (短期强化训练)，while the rest can be fostered along with the project, putting them to immediate use and thus providing a rich learning context.I) In addition to technical capabilities, the very nature of projects develops social and entrepreneurial skills, such as design thinking, initiative taking, team leading, activity reporting or resource planning. Not only will those skills be actually integrated into the curriculum but they will be very important to have in the future because they are difficult to automate.J) After the MSc diploma is earned, there would be many more stamps of lifelong learning over the years. If universities decide to engage in this learning model, they will have to cope with many organisational challenges that might shake their unity of place and action. First, the number of studentswould be unpredictable. If all of a university’s alumni (往届毕业生)were to become students again, the student body would be much bigger than it is now, and it could become unsustainable for the campus in terms of both size and resources. Second, freshly graduated students would mix with professionally experienced ones. This would change the classroom dynamics, perhaps for the best. Project-based learning with a mixed team reflects the reality of the professional world and could therefore be a better preparation for it.K) Sound like science fiction? In many countries, part-time studying is not exceptional: on average across OECD countries, part-time students in 2016 represented 20 per cent of enrolment in tertiary education. In many countries, this share is higher and can exceed 40 per cent in Australia, New Zealand and Sweden.L) If lifelong learning were to become a priority and the new norm, diplomas, just like passports, could be revalidated periodically. A time-determined revalidation would ease administration for everybody. Universities as well as employers and employees would know when they have to retrain. For instance, graduates from the year 2000 would have to come back in 2005.M) This could fix the main organisational challenges for the university, but not for the learners, due to lack of time, family obligations or funds. Here, online learning might be an option because it allows you to save your ‘travel time’, but it has its limits. So far, none of the major employers associated with online learning platforms such as Coursera and Udacity has committed to hire or even interview graduates of their new online programmes.N) Even if time were not an issue, who will pay for lifelong learning? That’s the eternal debate: should it be the learner’s responsibility, that of his employer, or of the state? For example, in Massachusetts, the healthcare professions require continuing education credits, which are carefully evidenced and documented. Yet the same state’s lawyers don’t require continuing legal education, although most lawyers do participate in it informally. One explanation is that technology is less of a factor in law than it is in healthcare.O) Europe has many scenarios, but the French and Swiss ones are interesting to compare. In France, every individual has a right to lifelong learning organised via a personal learning account that is credited as you work. In Switzerland, lifelong learning is a personal responsibility and not a government one. However, employers and the state encourage continuing education either by funding parts of it or by allowing employees to attend it.P) Universities have a fundamental role to play in this journey, and higher education is in for a change. Just like classical theatre, the old university model produced talent and value for society. We are not advocating its abolition but rather calling for the adaptation of its characteristics to meet the needs of today.36. Students should develop the key skills before they start a project.37. By acquiring reasoning skills in the first few years of college, students can lay a foundation forlifelong learning.38. The easy access to learning and rapid technological changes have brought the traditional model ofeducation under challenge.39. Unbelievable as it may seem, part-time students constitute a considerable portion of the studentbody in many universities across the world.40. Some social and managerial skills, which are not easily automated, will be of great importance tost udents’ future careers.41. A new model of college education should provide students with the knowledge and skills that willmake them more inventive and capable of lifelong learning.42. A mixed student body may change the classroom dynamics and benefit learning.43. The question of who will bear the cost of lifelong learning is a topic of constant debate.44. To the traditional subjects of math and physics should be added a new discipline which combinescomputer science with statistics and other components.45. Students who are burdened with family duties might choose to take online courses.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Why does social media trigger feelings of loneliness and inadequacy? Because instead of being real life, it is, for the most part, impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering the pictures and words to put your best face forward.Online “friends” made through social media do not follow the normal psychological progression of an interpersonal relationship. You share neither physical time nor emotional conversations over the Internet. You simply communicate photographs and catchy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have “friended” or “followed” based on an accidental interaction. This is not to say that your social media friends can’t be real friends. They absolutely can, but the two are not synonymous.Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered comments or casually taken photos on our social mediapages. And, rightfully so, because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic and vulnerable with some of our “ friends ” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.Social media can certainly be an escape from the daily grind, but we must be cautioned against the negative effects, such as addiction, on a person’s overall psychological well-being.As humans, we yearn for social connection. Scrolling(滚动)through pages of pictures and comments, however, does not provide the same degree of fulfillment as face-to-face interactions do. Also, we tend to idealize others’ lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and inadequacy.Social media can lead people on the unhealthy quest for perfection. Some people begin to attend certain events or travel to different places so that they can snap that “ perfect ” photo. They begin to seek validation through the number of people who “ like ” their posts. In order for it to play a psychologically healthy role in your social life, social media should supplement an already healthy social network. Pictures and posts should be byproducts of life’s treasured moments and fun times, not the planned and calculated image that one is putting out into cyberspace in an attempt to fill insecurities or unmet needs.Ultimately, social media has increased our ability to connect with various types of people all over the globe. It has opened doors for businesses and allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwise get to follow. However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face-to-face time with trusted friends, and minimizing time scrolling online, will prove to be a reminder that your social network is much more rewarding than any “like,” “ follow ” or “ share ” can be.46. What does the author imply social media may do to our life?A) It may facilitate our interpersonal relationships.B) It may filter our negative impressions of others.C) It may make us feel isolated and incompetent.D) It may render us vulnerable and inauthentic.47. Why do people post comments selectively on social media?A) They do not find all their online friends trustworthy.B) They want to avoid offending any of their audience.C) They do not want to lose their followers.D) They are eager to boost their popularity.48. What are humans inclined to do according to the passage?A) Exaggerate their life’s accomplishments.B) Strive for perfection regardless of the cost.C) Paint a rosy picture of other people’s lives.D) Learn lessons from other people’s downfalls.49. What is the author’s view of pictures and posts on social media?A) They should record the memorable moments in people’s lives.B) They should be carefully edited so as to present the best image.C) They should be shown in a way that meets one’s security needs.D) They should keep people from the unhealthy quest for perfection.50. What does the author advise people to do when they find their online experience unconstructive?A) Use social media to increase their ability to connect with various types of people.B) Stay connected to those whom they may not otherwise get to know and befriend.C) Try to prevent negative thoughts and feelings from getting into the online pages.D) Strengthen ties with real-life friends instead of caring about their online image.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine that an alien species landed on Earth and, through their mere presence, those aliens caused our art to vanish, our music to homogenize, and our technological know-how to disappear. That is effectively what humans have been doing to our closest relatives —chimps (大猩猩).Back in 1999, a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another. Some groups would get each other’s a ttention by rapping branches with their knuckles (指关节)，while others did it by loudly ripping leaves with their teeth. The team identified 39 of these traditions that are practiced by some communities but not others —a pattern that, at the time, hadn’t been seen in any animal except humans. It was evidence, the team said, that chimps have their own cultures.It took a long time to convince skeptics that such cultures exist, but now we have plenty of examples of animals learning local traditions from one another.But just when many scientists have come to accept the existence of animal cultures, many of those cultures might vanish. Ammie Kalan and her colleagues have shown, through years of intensive fieldwork, that the very presence of humans has eroded the diversity of chimp behavior. Where we flourish, their cultures wither. It is a bitterly ironic thing to learn on the 20th anniversary of Whiten’s classic study.“ It’s amazing to think that just 60 years ago, we knew next to nothing of the behavior of o ur sister species in the wild,” Whiten says. “But now, just as we are truly getting to know our primate(灵长类)cousins, the actions of humans are closing the window on all we have discovered.”“ Sometimes in the rush to conserve the species, I think we forget about the individuals,” says Cat Hobaiter, a professor at the University of St. Andrews. “ Each population, each community, even each generation of chimps is unique. An event might only have a small impact on the total population of chimps, but it may wipe out an entire community —an entire culture. No matter what we do to restorehabitat or support population growth, we may never be able to restore that culture.”No one knows whether the destruction of chimp culture is getting worse. Few places have tracked chimp behavior over long periods, and those that have are also more likely to have protected their animals from human influence.Obviously, conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way—by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes. “ Instead of focusing only on the conservation of genetically based entities like species, we now need to also consider culturally based entities,” says Andrew Whiten.51. What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps?A) Ruining their culture. C) Treating them as alien species.B) Accelerating their extinction. D) Homogenizing their living habits.52. What is the finding of Andrew Whiten’s team?A) Chimps demonstrate highly developed skills of communication.B) Chimps rely heavily upon their body language to communicate.C) Chimps behave in ways quite similar to those of human beings.D) Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication.53. What did Ammie Kalan and her colleagues find through their intensive fieldwork?A) Whiten’s classic study has little impact on the diversity of chimp behavior.B) Chimp behavior becomes less varied with the increase of human activity.C) Chimps alter their culture to quickly adapt to the changed environment.D) It might already be too late to prevent animal cultures from extinction.54. What does Cat Hobaiter think we should do for chimp conservation?A) Try to understand our sister species’ behavior in the wild.B) Make efforts to preserve each individual chimp community.C) Study the unique characteristics of each generation of chimps.D) Endeavor to restore chimp habitats to expand its total population.55. What does the author suggest conservationists do?A) Focus entirely on culturally-based entities rather than genetically-based ones.B) Place more stress on animal traditions than on their physical conservation.C) Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way.D) Explore the cultures of species before they vanish.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)。
2020年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)
2020年12月大学英语六级考试真题 (二)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this p art, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essa,y on why students should be encouraged to develop effective communication skills. You should write at least 150 oords but no more than 200 words'. Part 1[ Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes) Section ADirections: In ·t his section, yc;u will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) A driving test.C)Traffic routes.B)A video game.D)Cargo logistics.2.A) He f o und it instructive and realistic.B)He bought it when touring Europe.C)He was really drawn to its other versions.D)He introduced it to his brother last year.3.A) Traveling all over the country.C)The details in the driving simulator.B)Driving from one city to another.D)The key role of the logistics industry.4.A) Clearer road signs.B)More people driving safely.C)Stricter traffic rules.D_)More self-driving trucks on the road.Questions S to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) It isn't.so enjoyable as he expected.B)It isn't so motivating as he believed.C)It does�'t enable him to earn as much money as he used to.D)It doesn't seem to off e r as much freedom as he anticipated.6.A) Not all of them care about their employees' behaviors.B)Few of them are aware of their employees' feelings.C)Few of them offer praise and reward to their employees.D)Not all of them know how to motivate their employees.D)Money.7.A) Job satisfaction.B)Self-awareness.C)Autonomy.8.A) The importance of cultivating close relationships with clients.B)The need f o r getting recommendations from their managers.C)The advantages of permanent full-time employment.D)The way to explore employees' interests and talents.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two JXlSsages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the JXlSsage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single li ne through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Consumers visualize their activities in different weather.B)Good weather triggers consumers' desire to go shopping.C)Weather conditions influence consumers' buying behavior.D)Consumers' mental states change with the prices of goods.10.A) Active consumption.C)Individual association.B)Direct correlation.D)Mental visualization.11.A) Enabling them to simplify their mathematical formulas.B)Helping them determine what to sell and at what price.C)Enabling them to sell their products at a higher price.D)Helping them advertise a greater variety of products.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable.B)A cool office will boost employees' productivity.C)Office air-conditioning should f o llow guidebooks.D)Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office.13.A) People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their productivity.B)People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortable temperatures.C)Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers.D)There is a range of temperatures for people to feel comfortable.14.A) It will have no negative impact on work.C)It will sharply decrease work efficiency.B)It will be immediately noticeable.D)It will cause a lot of discomfort.15.A) They tend to favor lower temperatures.B)They suffer from rapid temperature changes.C)They are not bothered by temperature extremes.D)They become less sensitive to high temperatures.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer frcm the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) It overlooked the possibility that emotions may be controlled.B)It ignored the fact that emotions are personal and subjective.C)It classified emotions simply as either positive or negative.D)It measured positive and negative emotions independently.17.A) Sitting alone without doing anything seemed really distressing.B)Solitude adversely affected the participants' mental well-being.C)Sitting alone for 15 minutes made the participants restless.D)Solitude had a reductive effect on high-arousal emotions.18.A) It proved hard to depict objectively.C)It helped increase low-arousal emotions.B)lt went hand in hand with sadness.D)It tended to intensify negative emotions. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) It uses up much less energy than it does in deep thinking.B)It remains inactive without burning calories noticeably ..C) It continues to bum up calories to help us stay in shape.D)It consumes almost a quarter of the body's total energy.20.A) Much of the consumption has nothing to do with conscious activities.B)It has something to do with the difficulty of the activities in question.C)Energy usage devoted to active learning accounts for a big part of it.D)A significant amount of it is for performing difficult cognitive tasks.21.A) It is believed to remain basically constant.B)It is a prerequisite f o r any mental activity.C)It is conducive to relieving mental exhaustion.D)It is thought to be related to food consumption.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the reconling you have just heard.22.A) Job candidates rarely take it seriously.B)Job seekers tend to have a ready answer.C)Job seekers often feel at a loss where to start in answering it.D)Job candidates can respond freely due to its open-ended nature.23.A) Follow their career coaches' guidelines.B)Strive to take control of their narrative.C)Do their best to impress the interviewer.D)Repeat the information on their resume.24.A) To reflect on their past achievements as well as failures.B)To produce examples for different interview questions.C)To discuss important details they are going to present.D)To identify a broad general strength to elaborate on.25.A) Getting acquainted with the human resources personnel.B)Finding out why the company provides the job opening.C)Figuring out what benefits the company is able to offer them.D)Tailoring their expectations to the company's long-term goal.Part ][ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making )Our choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. PI.ease mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Virtually every activity that entails or facilitates in-person human interaction seems to be in the midst of a total meltdown as the coronavirus (;ff,��-4-) outbreak erases Americans' desire to travel. Amtrak says bookings are down 50 precent and cancelations are up 300 percent. Hotels in San Francisco are experiencing�-- rates between 70 and 80 percent. Broadway goes dark on Thursday night. Universities, now emptying their campuses, have never tried online learning on this ___JJ__. Whitecollar companies like Amazon, Apple, and the New York Times are asking employees to work from home f o r the 28 future.But what happens after the coronavirus?In some ways, the answer is: All the old normal stuff. The pa.ndemic ( .:k. �.ff� ) will take-lives, 29economies and destroy routines, but it will pass. Americans will never stop going to basketball games. They won't stop going on vacation. They'll meet to do business. No decentralizing technology so far-not telephones, not television, and not the internet-has dented that human desire to shake hands, despite technologists' 30 to the contrary.Yet there are real reasons to think that things will not return to the way they were last week. Small31 create small societal shifts; big ones change things for good. The New York transit strike of1980 is�-with prompting several long-term changes in the city, including bus and,bike lanes, and women wearing sports shoes to work. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 prompted the development of national health care in Europe.Here and now, this might not even be a question of 33 . It's not clear that the cruise industry---will _M_. Or that public transit won't go broke without �- assistance. The infrastructure might not even be in place to do what we were doing in 2019.A)credentials F)foreseeableB)credited G)predictionsC)cumulative H)preferenceD)disruptions I)scaleE)federal J)strangle Section B K)subtle L)summoned •M)survive N)vacancy 0)wedgeDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. F.ach statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. F.ach paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Slow HopeA)Our world is full of-mostly untold-stories of slow hope, driven by the idea that change is possible.They are 'slow' in their unfolding, and they are slow because they come with setbacks.B)At the beginning of time-so �oes the myth-humans suffered, shivering in the cold and dark until thetitan ( e.A..) Prometheus stole fire from the gods. Just as in the myth,'technology�first fire and stone tools, and later farming, the steam engine and industry, fossil fuels, chemicals and nuclear powerhas allowed us to alter and control the natural world. The myth also reminds us that these advances have come at a price: as a punishment for Prometheus' crime, the gods created Pandora, and they gave her a box filled with evils and curses. When Pandora's box was opened, it unleashed swarms of diseases and disasters upon humankind.C)Today we can no longer ignore the ecological curses that we have released in our search for warmth andcomfort. In engineering and exploiting and transforming our habitat, we have opened tens of thousands of Pandora's boxes. In recent decades, environmental threats have expanded beyond regional boundaries to have global reach and, most hauntingly, are multiplying at a dizzying rate. Ona regular basis, we are reminded that we are running out of time. Year after year, faster and faster,consumption outpaces the biological capacity of our planet. Stories of accelerated catastrophe multiply.We fear the breakdown of the electric grid, the end of non-renewable resources, the expansion of deserts, the loss of islands, and the pollution of our air and water.D)Acceleration is the signature of our time. Populations and economic activity grew slowly for much ofhuman history. For thousands of years and well into early modern times, world economies saw no growth at all, but from around the mid-19th �entury and again, in particular, since the mid-20th, the real GDP has increased at an enormous speed, and so has human consumption. In the Middle Ages, households in Central Europe might have owned fewer than 30 objects on average; in 1900, this number had increased to 400, and in 2020 to 15,000. The acceleration of human production, consumption and travel has changed the animate and inanimate spheres. It has echoed through natural processes on which humans depend. Species extinction, deforestation, damming of rivers, .occurrence of floods, the depletion of ozone, the degradation of ocean systems and many other areas are all experiencing acceleration. If represented graphically, the curve for all these changes looks rather like that well-known hockey stick: with little change over millennia <�+-+> and a dramatic upswing over the past decades.E)Some of today's narratives about the future seem to suggest that we too, like Prometheus, will be savedby a new Hercules, a divine engineer, someone who will mastermind, manoeuvre and manipulate our planet. They suggest that geoengineering, cold fusion or faster-than-light spaceships might transcend once and for all the terrestrial constraints of rising temperatures, lack of energy, scarcity of food, lack of space, mountains of waste, polluted water-you name it.F)Yet, if we envisage our salvation to come from a deus ex machina (W#-i!l.:t..#), from a divine engineeror a tech solutionist who will miraculously conjure up a new source of energy or another cure-all with revolutionary potency, we might be looking in the wrong place. The fact that we now imagine our planet as a whole does not mean that the 'rescue' of our planet will come with one big global stroke of genius and technology. It will more likely come by many small acts. Global heating and environmental degradation are not technological problems. They are highly political issues that are informed by powerful interests. Moreover, if history is a guide, then we can assume that any major transformations will once again be followed by a huge set of unintended consequences. So what do we do?G)This much is clear: we need to find ways that help us flatten the hockey-stick curves that reflect ourever-faster pace of ecological destruction and social acceleration. If we acknowledge that human manipulation of the Earth has been a· destructive f o rce, we can also imagine that human endeavours can help us build a less destructive world in the centuries to come. We might keep making mistakes.But we will also keep learning from our mistakes.H)To counter the fears of disaster, we need to identify stories, visions and actions that work quietlytowards a more hopeful future. Instead of one big narrative, a story of unexpected rescue by a largerthan-life hero, we need multiple stories: we need stories, not only of what Rob Nixon of Princeton University has called the 'slow violence' of environmental degradation ( t hat is, the damage that is often invisible at first and develops slowly and gradually), but also stories of what I call 'slow hope'.I)We need an acknowledgement of our present ecological plight but also a language of positive change,visions of a better future. In The Principle of Hope (1954-1959), Ernst Bloch, one of the leading philosophers of the future, wrote that 'the most tragic form of loss ... i s the loss of �he capacity to imagine that things could be different'. We need to identify visions and paths that will help us imaginea different, more just and more ecological world. Hope, for Bloch, has its starting point in fear, in uncertainty, and in crisis: it is a creative force that goes hand in hand with utopian ( .g, ;Jt ,ff�) 'wishful images'. It can be f o und in cultural products of the past�in fairy tales, in fiction, in architecture, in music, in the movies-in products of the human mind that contain 'the outlines of a better world'. What makes us 'authentic' as humans are visions of our 'potential'. In other words: living in hope makes us human.J)The power of small, grassroots movements to make changes that spread beyond their place of origin can be seen with the Slow Food movement, which began in Italy in the 1980s. The rise of fast-food restaurants after the Second World War produced a society full of cheap, industrially made foodstuffs.Under the leadership of Carlo Petrini, the Slow Food movement began in Piedmont, a region of Italy with a long history of poverty, violence and resistance to oppression. The movement transformed it into a region hospitable to traditional food cultures-based on native plants and breeds of animals.Today, Slow Food operates in more than 160 countries, poor and rich. It has given rise to thousands of projects around the globe, representing democratic politics, food sovereignty, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.K)The unscrupulous ( Jc. � liJi ,t. � ) commodification of food and the destruction of foodstuffs will continue to devastate soils, livelihoods and ecologies. Slow Food cannot undo the irresistible developments of the global food economy, but it can upset its theorists, it can 'speak differently', and it can allow people and their local food traditions and environments to flourish. Even in the United States-the fast-food nation-small farms and urban gardens are on the rise. The US Department of Agriculture provides an Urban Agriculture Toolkit and, according to a recent report, American millennials ( -f :M--fO are changing their diets. In 2017, 6 per cent of US consumers claimed to be strictly vegetarian, up from 1 per cent in 2014. As more people realise that 'eating is an agricultural act' ,as the US poet and environmental activist Wendell Berry put it in 1989, slow hope advances.36.It seems some people today dream that a cutting-edge new technology might save them from thepresent ecological disaster.37.According to one great thinker, it is most unf o rtunate if we lose the ability to think differently.38.Urgent attention should be paid to the ecological problems we have created in our pursuit of acomfortable life.39.Even in the fast-food nation America, the number of vegetarians is on the rise.40.The deterioration of the ecological system is accelerating because of the dramatic increase of humanproduction and consumption.41.It is obvious that solutions must be found to curb the fast worsening environment and socialacceleration.42.Many people believe changing the world is possible, though it may take time and involve setbacks.43.It might be wrong to expect that our world would be saved at one stroke with some miraculoustechnology.44.It is human nature to cherish hopes for a better world.45.Technology has given us humans the power to change the natural world, but we have paid a price forthe change.Section CDirections:There are 2 JXlSsages in this section. Each pcmage is followed by sane questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Vegetarians would prefer not to ·be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion(�it) is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based "planetary diet." Nowhere is this more visible than in India.Earlier this year, the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called f o r a global shift to a more plant-based diet and f o r "substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods." In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.The EA:T report presumes that "traditional diets" in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, relig_i on, culture, cost, geogr�phy, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy "vegetarian diet" on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged classes and indigenous communiti�s are being compelled to give up their traditional foods .. .None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commissicm's representative, Brent Loken, who said "India has got such a great example" in sourcing protein from plants.But how much of a model for the world is India's vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index 2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.•EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to "spark conversations" among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate; But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India's farmers.The government, however, seems to have given the report a thumbs-up. Rather than addressing chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods, the government is opening the door f o r company-dependent solutions, ignoring the environmental and economic cost, which will destroy local f o od systems. It's a model full of danger for future generations.46.What is more visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?A)People's positive views on the proposals f o r a "planetary diet."B)People's reluctance to be compelled to eat plant-based food.C)People's preferences for the kind of food they consume.D)People's unwillingness to give up their eating habits.47.What would the EAT-Lancet Commission's report do to many people in countries like India?A)Radically change their dietary habits.B)Keep them further away from politics.C)Make them even more undernourished.D) Substantially reduce their food choices.48.What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India?A)People's diet will not change due to the EAT-Lancet report.B)Many people simply do not have access to foods they prefer.C)There is a growing popularity of a cereal-heavy vegetarian diet.D)Policymakers help remove the barriers to people's choice of food.49.What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India?A)It may benefit populations whose traditional diet is meat-based.B)It may be .another blow to the economy in developing countries.C)It may help narrow the gap between the rich and poor countries.D)It may worsen the nourishment problem in low-income countries.50.How does the Indian government respond to the EAT-Lancet Commission's proposals?A)It accepts them at the expense of the long-term interests of its people.B)It intends them to spark.conversations among all Indian stakeholders.C)It gives them approval regardless of opposition from nutrition experts.D)It welcomes them as a tool to address chronic hunger and malnutrition.P�eTwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based m the following passage.Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play ,psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called "Why Don't You-Yes But", which remains one of the most irritating aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they moan about it ceaselessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don't want a solution; they want to be validated in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can "win" the game-dismissing every suggestion until their interlocutor ( �ifr::t) gives up in annoyance-they get to feel pleasurably righteous (..iE. i½i �) in their resentments and excused from any obligation to change.Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility /fault fallacy ( 1'-il). When you're feeling hard done by-taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work f o r a half-witted boss-it's easy to become attached to the position that it's not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there's a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn't be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The pointis that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all casess even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s an ingenious way to shut it down —which is to agree with it, ardently. Psychotherapist Lori G ottlieb describes this as “over validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further moaning, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as G ottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The notion that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic—not to mention rather annoying—so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.“And then, sometimes, something magical might happen,”G ottlieb writes. The other person “might realise she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels.”Which illustrates the irony of the responsibility fault fallacy:evading responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.51.What is characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to psychiatrist Eric Berne?A)They only feel angry about their ill treatment and resent whoever tries to help.B)They are chronically unhappy and ceaselessly find fault with people around them.C)They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for tackling the problem.D)They lack the kn w e g a d basic skills re q uired for successful conversations with their interlocutors.52.What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep?A)People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes.B)It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault.C)People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.D)A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.53.What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers?A)Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.B)Listen to their complaints ardently and sympathetically.C)Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.D)Persuade them to clarify the confusion they have caused.54.What happens when chronic complainers receive over-validation?A)They are motivated to find ingenious ways to persuade their interlocutor.B)They are prompted to come up with ideas for making possible changes.C)They are stimulated to make more complaints.D)They are encouraged to start arguing back.55.How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?A)Analysing the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy.B)Avoiding ha z ardous traps in everyday social life.C)Assuming responsibility to free oneself.D)Awaiting something magical to happen.Part I V Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.港珠澳大桥(Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge)全长55公里,是我国一项不同寻常的工程壮举。
最新6、12月英语六级真题(含答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section APursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newlyacquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations thatare too ideal.The_28_of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a jobor profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealisticworld and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attemptsto put his ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’s statement seems harsh. What he was_32_，however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and tomature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of_33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times mayleave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society. For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer andvacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically B)beneficial C)capturing D)confusedE)emphasizing F)entrance G)excited H)existenceI)incidentally J)intolerant K)occupation L)promisesM)recession N)slightly O)undertakesSection BCan societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated andif the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation butin succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of theMillennium(千年的)Goals ,he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given inMarch at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from theG20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conferenceon the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a majorissue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic developmentthroughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering, the first ofa sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and theWorld Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection andeconomic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploitingthem, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hardevidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort ofglobal statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in botheconomic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is notsurprising; the single word“environment”has so many dimensions, and thereare so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almostimpossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global studywhich reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believethat managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term ,but certainly brings long-termrewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples fromAfrica and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects thepoor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion oftheir income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing theenvironment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether throughunregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the bestexample of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. Foralmost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the codpopulation collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stockto maintain itself, let alone an industry .More than a decade later, there was nosign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out ofexistence ;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes aboutfrantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of aglobal Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out ofwhat you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted tocalculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe willfall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united intheir view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain thatenvironmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use thewealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmentalcare.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here theStockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Notnecessarily;“In the industralised countries, environmental problems aregenerally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,butfor different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely makeour world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmentalimprovements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizensof wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air andpoison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, themost graphic example being climate change. As a country’s wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completelyaccurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when itcomes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leasedup-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviationare not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a cleartrend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor partsof the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The averageNorwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about halfas much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yetcut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question ,repeatedacross a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecologicalmeans as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited theenvironment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over theworld.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our worldcleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation betweenenvironmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environmentissues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendlinessgenerates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the longrun.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable humandevelopment depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of naturalresources on Earth.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remotecontrols to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decadeago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertisingfor the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-mediaconsultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rollingout interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greetedwith some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottomof the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample ororder a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with theirremote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in thefirst half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has causedadvertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning tothe Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements likeclick-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or sothe industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for itsAxe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than threeminutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small.Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million thisyear. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it togenerate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it.A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aimsto make interactive advertising available across America later this year.BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest hassurged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers withinteractive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of thenovelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the lastdecade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated intosituation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TVadvertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree:there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Ourproblems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in Americais the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured veryquickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words,structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excusefor not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while thenumber of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industrieshas soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category.Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that ofBrooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts theclaim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, hasthis claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring theproblem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying aboutunemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to whatVery Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought downrapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulusadequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employthose“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the wholeidea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. Andthat, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems havebeen multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the massunemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to backthese claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment inAmerica?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during theGreat Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
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精品文档 精品文档 2016年6月英语六级真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A)Project organizer B)Public relations officer. C)Marketing manager. D)Market research consultant.
2.A)Quantitative advertising research. B)Questionnaire design. C)Research methodology. D)Interviewer training.
3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits. B)They examine relations between producers and customers. C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.
4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity. B)Checking charts and tables. C)Designing questionnaires. D)The persistent intensity.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A)His view on Canadian universities. B)His understanding of higher education. C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education. D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.
6.A)It is well designed. B)It is rather inflexible. C)It varies among universities. D)It has undergone great changes. 精品文档 精品文档 7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other. B)Public universities are often superior to private universities. C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education. D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.
8.A) University systems vary from country to country. B)Efficiency is essential to university management. C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one. D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.
Section B Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis. B) The worsening real wage situation around the world C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States. D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.
10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages. B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees. C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations. D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.
11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis. B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs. D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12.A) Whether memory supplements work. B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders. C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory. D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
13.A) They help the elderly more than the young. B) They are beneficial in one way or another. C) They generally do not have side effects. D) They are not based on real science.
14.A)They are available at most country fairs. B)They are taken in relatively high dosage. C)They are collected or grown by farmers. D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners. 精品文档 精品文档 15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. C)Their effect lasts only a short time. D)Many have benefited from them.
Section C Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations. B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters. C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters. D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies. B)By taking steps to prepare people for them. C)By changing people’s views of nature. D)By relocating people to safer places.
18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life. B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters. C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms. D)How destructive tropical storms can be.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government. B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty. C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery. D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.