初中英语三大从句-总结

初中英语三大从句-总结
初中英语三大从句-总结

一.宾语从句object clause:

一. 定义definition:

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二.连接词connections:

that: Ithink that youcanpassthe exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.

“Wh”: I don’t knowwhat the word means.

Idon’t knowwherehe found thebook.

只用whether的情况:

1. 与or not连用:

I don’t know whether it’s rainingornot.

2. 与动词不定式连用:

He doesn’t know whether to accept theinvitation.

3. 连接词前有介词时:

It depends onwhetherhe is coming.

三. 时态tenses:

1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)

Shewants to know whathe hasdone forthe exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。

1)Shesaid that shewasastudent.

2)She said thatshe would flyto Japanin aweek.

3)She said thatshe had finished her homeworkalready. 3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teachersaid thatthe earth goes round thesun.

二. 定语从句Attributive clause:

1.定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句

2.先行词指人who/that

先行词指物which/that

3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

5.翻译方法“…. 的”

Eg.

1. Yesterday we bought a book which is reallyhard to understand.

2. The studentswho are fromMapleLeafSchoollike learning English.

Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1.This is theteacher whom\who we like best.

2. I don’t liketheboy to whom you aretalking.

Whose :指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”

eg:Harry is the boy whose mother isourmath teacher.

关系代词只能that的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:

Thisis thefirst gift that my parents boughtme.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:

This is the most exciting filmthat I have ever seen.

3.先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop

4. 先行词是人和物时,用that.

e.g. He talked aboutsomewriters and books that were unknown t o us all.

5.先行词被all , little , the only ,the very(就是,正是),thelast 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is thelast placethat I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who或which开头,只能用that引导.

Who isthe girl that is making a speech on the platform?

当关系代词前使用介词时:

物+介词+which;人+ 介词+ whom

当关系代词前使用介词时:

e.g.1.This is the train by which we wenttoBeijing.

2.This is the teacher towhommy mother is talking.

三.状语从句:Adverbial clauses

定义:

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。

状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句地点状语从句

原因状语从句目的状语从句

结果状语从句条件状语从句

方式状语从句让步状语从句

1.时间状语从句

When ---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When Iopened the window, I sawhimcomeup.

When --- 正在……的时候,突然…。通常主句是进行时或beabout to时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。

I was walkingalong thestreet, when I methim.

When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。

Someone knocked at the door when I was havingbreakfast.

When=after

When the children hadgoneto bed, she began toprepare herl essons.

While ---在……期间,往往指一段时间。

While wewerein America,we saw him twice.

While---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。

We arecleaning theclassroom while they are playingthe football.

As --- 一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she waslistening to the music.

As--- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。

As I was going out, itbeganto rain.

Themoment --- 一……就……=as soon as , immediately,

---Didyouremember to give Mary the money you owed her?

---Yes, I gave her the momentI saw her.

Not… until--- 直到……才

He didn’t leavethe office until he finished thework.

Before ---在……之前

The passengersshould arriveat theairport an hour before theflight departs.

After---在…… 之后

Thecustomer left theticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticketagent.

Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never beenthere againsince I graduatedfrom the uni versity.

It is justaweek since we arrivedhere.

As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to schoolas soon as he got well.

No soonerthan --- 一……就……

no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装

Hardly…when…

Scarcely …when…

No sooner had he arrived than he wentaway again.

Once---一但……就……

Onceyou seehim,you will never forget him.

Every time, eachtime 每次whenever 每当

Each time hecame totown,he wouldvisit our school.

2.条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有:

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As(so)faras ---据……所知,incase万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件

If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, youwill miss the plane.

Unless--- 如果不,除非=if not

We can’tgetthere on timeunless webook the earliestflight

Aslong as --- 只要

We will succeed aslongas we keepontrying.

As(so)far as---据……所知

As far asI know, hespeaks Englishvery well.

Incase ---假使, 如果

Theplanecannot take off in case itrains.

Providedthat 如果,有时省略that

Theplanewill be ingood condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.

On conditionthat--- 条件是…

He said that he would cometo the meetingon condition that noone asked him to speak.

注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

If hearrives tomorrow, I will bewaitingfor him at the airport.

3.地点状语从句

地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where, wherever

Where --- 在……地方

Wherethere isa will,there is a way.

Wherever ---无论哪里

Wherever youare, Iwillbe right there waiting foryou.

4.原因状语从句

because, as, since, now that,和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.

Because ---因为,通常从句放在主句后.

MrSmith was veryupset because he couldn’t findhislugg age.

As--- 因为, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest,allhis friendslike him.

Since---既然因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)

Since everybody has come, we cansetoff.

Now that ---既然

Now that you arehere,you can join us.

consideringthat---顾及到

Considering that they are justbeginners, they are doing quitea goodjob.

seeingthat --- 由于

Seeing (that)quite afew peoplewere absent,we decided t

o

put the meeting off.

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, sothat, so…that…

such…that

So… that--- 太……以至于so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that

Boeing 747 issolargethat people like to callit jetbomb喷气炸弹.

So that--- 因而,以便,为了有时so可以省去

Speaklouder pleaseso that the people at the back canhear you.

Such …that… ---太……以至于用法与so…that相同,但such后面应用名词。

The foreign visitorwas such a fast speakerthat nobody could understandhim.

6.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,so that,inorder that, for fearthat, lest

(So) that ---以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could,may, might,should等

Let’stakethe front seats(so) that wemay seemoreclearly.inorder that--- 为了,与sothat 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等

School was closed early inorder thatthechildren might go home aheadof thestorm.

for fearthat ---生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)

Hetook the name downfor fearthat he should forgetit. in case--- 万一

You should bring a dictionaryin case you need it.

Lest ---以防万一

Themandecidedto tellhis bossthe factlesthe would be angry withhim.

7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if,eventhough, nomatter, however, whatever, while, whether.

Although, though ---虽然although 和though 可以互换,但althoug h常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。

Although it wasraining, the plane managed totake off.

Though he did his best,hedid n’t succeed.

As --- 尽管as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。

Busy as he is,he never misses afootball match.

Even if /even though ---即使

Evenifyou don’t likeyour boss, you should doyourwork. However---不论,however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装

He couldn’t get there on time however fasthe drove.

N o matter (what, when, where, how)---无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)

Hewouldn’t forgive meno matter howhard I begged him.Whatever--- 不管

Whatever other people may say, shewon’tchange hermind.

While---尽管

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t helpyou.

Whether---不管,常与ornot 连用

Whether he is goodor not, the company decided to send him abroad.

8.方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由:as, as if, asthough

as ---与…… 一样

Doin Rome as the Romans do.

asif, asthough---仿佛,由asif或as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气

She stoodat thedoorasif (=as though)she were waiting for s omeone.

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英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

初中英语从句汇总

在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾 语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、 副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让 步、地点、方式等)。 以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 格 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that —

(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如: Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略) whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如: The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)

各种英语从句类型

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初中英语语法——三大从句之表语从句

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e this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮,这就是现在这 个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。 下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Tha t is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚: (1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“That is the reason why...”中why引 导的是—个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样,例如: That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意 的理由。 (2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词 性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/ 因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由,“That is why...” 则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如: He did not see the film last night. That is because he ha d to help his littl e sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有

初中英语三大从句总结

一. 宾语从句object clause: 一. 定义definition: 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二. 连接词connections: that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况: 1. 与or not连用: I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用: He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时: It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。 1)She said that she was a student. 2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句Attributive clause: 1.定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2.先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 5.翻译方法“…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1.This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

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