中考英语专题讲练：信件类(解析版)

信件类

知识精讲

一、写作概述

英文书信是一种应用广泛的应用文体，不同种类的属性都有自己严格的格式要求，对于初学者比较容易上手，所以在中考中考查频度很高。随着科技的发展，传统书信已淡出人们的视野，取而代之的是更为方便快捷的E-mail。想要写好英文书信或E-mail，首先要了解英文书信的基本结构。英文书信一般由一下几部分组成：

1. 称呼：即对收信人的称呼，写在书信的左上角，顶格写；称呼前一般会加Dear以表尊敬，称呼之后用逗号。

2. 正文：正文是信件主体，写在称呼下一行，首行缩进两个字符。我们写的书信一般分为三段，第一段写出主题即写信目的；第二段为主体body部分；最后一段表达自己的希望与祝愿。

3. 结束语：指正文下面的结尾客套语，位置应低于正文一行或两行，一般从心智的中间稍右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用逗号。常用Yours sincerely, Yours, Sincerely yours 等。这部分考试会给出，如果没有写，需要我们自己写出来，以保证信体结构完整。

4. 落款：签名落款写在结束语的下面。

二、必备句型

1. Thank you for your letter. 感谢你的来信。

2. I’m writing (this letter) to you to…我给你写信是为了……

3. I’m looking forward to your reply. 期盼你的来信。

4. It’s a long time since I saw you last time! 好久不见！

5. I am sorry for not writing to you soon. 没有很快给你写信，我很抱歉。

6. Send my love to…/ Please give my regards to… 请代我问……问好。

7. Let’s keep in touch! 保持联系！

三点剖析

一、重难点：

英文写作丢分的地方千差万别，但高分作文却出奇地相似，那是因为英语写作有很大的规律可循，遵守这些规则，掌握方法，就能把我们的作文写成阅卷老师想要的作文，下面我们会分讲次介绍一下高分写作的写作方法。

高分突破方法（一）

认真审题，方向明确。

写作之前需要认真通读整个题目，并把重点画出来。有的同学觉得作文写了那么多篇，基本要求都一样，看个大概就开始写，这是一个误区，不足取。因为一些细节的忽略就可能导致作文有跑题嫌疑，那么分数自然要降好几档。比如同样介绍节日，文章中文“人们通常怎么做”和“你是怎么做的”这有明显区别，人称需要变化，写作角度也要稍加调整，都按照一个写法，必然分数不理想。所以动笔前我们需要认真阅读题目要求，以保证我们的写作方向正确，要点齐全。

二、万能模版

称呼：Dear _________,

开头：How are you? / How is everything going? / Long time no see! I am writing (this letter/ e-mail) to…

正文：总起的句子→分述→总结

结尾：You’d better…/ You should…/ I hope/ I am looking forward to…(提出希望或建议)

Yours/ Yours sincerely

（签名）______________题模精选

题模一：书信类

例1.1.1翻译下列句子

1. 你的故事听起来很有趣。（主语+系动词+表语）

____________________________________________________

2. 他小的时候什么都想学。（主语+谓语+宾语）

____________________________________________________

例1.1.2根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的回信。

信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计入所要完成的回信内。所给英文提示词仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

例如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Tom上周刚过完生日. 他想知道你经常和谁一起过生日，怎么过的，你收到最喜欢的礼物是什么，以及你喜欢它的原因. 请根据他的问题回复邮件。

提示词：cake, noodles, sing songs , make a wish, get presents

题模二：E-mail类

例1.2.1用适当连词将下列简单句连接成并列句。

1. I like action movie. I don’t like thrillers.

____________________________________________________

2. We bought her a birthday present. She liked it very much.

____________________________________________________

3. Mother was ill. Father cooked for us instead.

____________________________________________________

例1.2.2写作，根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的回信。信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计入所完成的回信内。所给英文提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的真实校名和姓名。

假如你叫Liu Ying，你的好朋友Jane考试前总是紧张。尽管她刻苦学习，但一开始考试，她就忘了所有东西。她感觉自己好笨，也为此而感到苦恼。于是她通过邮件向你寻求帮助，请根据她的问题回复邮件。

提示词语：nervous, stupid, clever, achieve, goals, when, attention, if, get 随堂练习

随练1.1假如你叫李华，请你就“英语老师用英语还是用英汉双语教学”这一问题，根据下面的提示和要求，给你的老师Miss Li写一封信，谈一谈你的看法。

提示：(1)What’s your idea?

(2) Why do you think so?

(3) What is your advice?

要求：(1)信须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。

(2) 信中不要涉及真实的人名和校名。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

(3) 词数：60~80。

Dear Miss Li,

I think you’ d better use _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ __

____________________________________________________________

Hopefully you can think about it.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

随练1.2假如你是阳光中学的李磊，你在学校网站看到国际学生Stephen的求助信。请根

据Stephen信的内容，用英语给Stephen写一封回信，介绍你校图书馆借书的要求和流程。注意：

1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；

2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；

3. 词数80左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Stephen,

I am writing to tell you how to borrow books from the school library.__________________________

____________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully,

Li Lei

自我总结

课后作业

作业1用适当连词将下列简单句连接成并列句。

1. I have read one of his novels. I have read a few of his plays.

____________________________________________________

2. Study hard. You are sure to have a good result in the exam.

____________________________________________________

3. Come a little earlier next time. You’ll miss the best part of the TV play. ____________________________________________________

4. He shook his head. He had a difficult opinion.

____________________________________________________

5. They were surprised that a child could work out the problem. They themselves couldn’t.

____________________________________________________

6. It must have rained last night. The ground was all wet.

____________________________________________________

7. He couldn’t read. He could not write.

____________________________________________________

作业2美中文化交流中心(ACCEC)暑假将组织学生来华学习、交流，现正在中国招募志愿者，帮助他们学习中文。假如你是杨帆中学的学生李平，请按要求给该项目负责人Mr. Miller 写一峰申请信。

内容包括： 1.申请担任志愿者；

2.说明自己乐于助人、擅长中文；

3.谈谈学好中文的方法；

4.........

参考词汇:volunteer, be good at, improve, culture

注意：

1.申请信需要涵盖以上所有要点，可适当发挥；

2.文中不能出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息；

3.词数：110 词左右。开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数).

Dear Mr. Miller,

I’m Li Ping from Yangfan Middle School.________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Thank you for your consideration.

Yours truly,

Li Ping

答案解析

信件类

题模精选

题模一：书信类

例1.1.1

【答案】 1. Your story sounds very interesting.

2. He wanted to learn everything when he was a child.

【解析】考查基本句子结构表达。这是写作中的基础能力，注意句子各结构的作用，以及动词时态的变化。

例1.1.2

【答案】Dear Mum,

How are you? Everything is fine in China. You want to get to know my best friend and I will tell you about him / her. My best friend's name is Li Hao. He is tall and thin. He has short black hair with big eyes. He is a lovely, smart and helpful boy. He studies hard and has a good relationship with our classmates.

We both take an interest in playing basketball and reading books. I think that is the reason why we have become good friends. Sometimes we talk about the novels that we read together and

share our opinions. After school or at the weekend, we often play basketball with our classmates. I have a lot of fun with him. I enjoy my school life in China. I hope he is my best friend forever. Best wishe!

Mike

【解析】

逻辑关键句：

首句: According your answer from last letter, it is my great honor to tell you who usually share birthday with me. He/she is （描述性形容词如kind, easy-going, open-minded）

正文: we both share some interest such as (常见爱好，如reading , music), which means friendship…

结尾句: Wish you enjoy your life as well as friendship

题模二：E-mail类

例1.2.1

【答案】 1. I like action movie but I don’t like thrillers.

2. We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.

3. Mother was ill, so father cooked for us instead.

【解析】考查并列句连词的使用。这是写作进阶的必备技能，连词不仅能够让散碎的文章显得更整齐工整，还能让文章读起来更加行云流水，细腻通畅，而这些都是得分关键。注意判断前后句关系，选择恰当的连词连接过渡。

例1.2.2

【答案】

Hi! Jane,

I’m sorry to hear about your problem and hope I can help.

Sometimes, I have the same feeling as you. I also feel a little nervous before exams. Maybe everyone does. So I don’t think you are stupid and you are always clever in my mind.

Trust yourself. If you study hard every day, you’ll achieve your goals. When you’re taking your exam, pay attention to the questions and think over your answers and don’t worry about your grades. If you worry too much, it won’t help you get good results.

I hope my advice helps. Please write to me again if you need any more help.

Yours, Liu Ying

【解析】

高级句型：

(1)If you study hard every day, you’ll make great progress.

(2)With my advice helps, I believe that you will achieve your goals.

(3) When you’re taking your exam, pay attention to the questions and think over your answers and don’t worry about your grades.

随堂练习

随练1.1

【答案】Dear Miss Li,

I think you had better use English in class. When you speak English, we will have a good chance to improve our listening skills. It is also helpful for our reading, speaking and writing. We can copy what you say all the time. The more chances we have, the more progress we will make! So I hope you can teach in English. But please use simple English as much as possible and speak clearly and slowly. This way, we can learn English better and better.

Hopefully you can think about it.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】一、审题

1. 本文要求考生给英语老师写一封信，给出自己对于教学方式的建议，属于夹叙夹议类的书信文体。全篇都是对将来教学的建议，所以时态以一般现在时和将来时为主。

2. 内容要点：首先表明自己观点，然后阐述原因。原因可以随意发挥，主要从语言氛围，口语听力入手。最后给出自己的建议，比如英文授课时应该注意哪些事项等。

二、写作思维

1. 开篇点题：I think you’d better use…

2. 说明原因：It’s a good chance for us to… It’s helpful

3. 给出建议：You should…/ You’d better…/ Please…

4. 发出祝愿：Hopefully you can think about it.

随练1.2

【答案】Dear Stephen,

I am writing to tell you how to borrow books from the school library. Remember to go to the library with your student’s card. When you enter the library, first show your student’s card to a librarian. Then you can choose books you want. At last you can take the books away after you show them to a librarian.

You can only borrow 3 books at a time and keep them for a month. You will have to go back to the library to renew the books if you want to keep them longer. Please email me if you have any other questions.

Yours faithfully,

Li Lei

【解析】根据题目要求，本文应从三方面入手进行写作：1、从图书馆借书的流程。2、回答Stephen的两个问题。3、一些借书是的建议。建议用2个段落分别进行阐述，注意条理清晰，语言准确。谈论这个故事用一般现在时。

课后作业

作业1

【答案】 1. I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.

2. Study hard and you are sure to have a good result in the exam.

3. Come a little earlier next time or you’ll miss the best part of the TV play.

4. He shook his head because had a difficult opinion.

5. They were surprised that a child could work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t.

6. It must have rained last night for the ground was all wet.

7. He could neither read nor write.

【解析】考查并列句连词的使用。连词能使文章过渡自然，读起来更通畅。注意连词不仅可以连接句子，有的时候连接词或短语也能起到相同的作用。

作业2

【答案】Dear Mr. Miller,

I’m Li Ping from Yangfan Middle School. I’m very interested in your project and want to be the volunteer to help the students learn Chinese.

I am warm--hearted and always ready to help others. I’m good at Chinese. Last year, I won the first prize for the Chinese Speech Competition in my city. I have many good ways to learn Chinese well. For example, we can listen to the radio and read aloud every morning. Also learning some Chinese classical songs helps improve the language quickly. Besides, talking with local people is a fun and effective way to learn Chinese and its culture. If I can get the job, I can be a great helper.

Thank you for your consideration.

Yours truly,

Li Ping

【解析】这篇文章为申请信，也是考试中的热点话题。主要内容是阐述自己能够当这个志愿者的优势，比如乐于助人，中文功底深厚等，描述性为主，所以基本都用一般现在时。

介绍自己优势时，可以分成几点介绍，不同点之间都要用连词连接，让表达更为流畅。