林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》汉译文的对比分析

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林肯葛底斯堡演说(中英文对照)

林肯葛底斯堡演说(中英文对照)

An Ide ntity of One’s Own In the eternal universe, every human being has a one-off chance to live his existence is unique and irretrievable, for the mold with which he was made, as Rousseau said, was broken by god immediately afterwards.Fame, wealth and knowledge are merely worldly possessions that are within the reach of anybody striving for them. But your experience of and feelings about life are your own and not to be shared. No one can live yor life over again after your death. A full awareness of this will point out to you that the most important thing in your existence is you distinctive individuality or something special of yours. What really counts is not your worldly success but your peculiar insight into the meaning of life and your commitment to it, which add luster to your personality. It is not easy to be what one really is. There is many a person in the world who can be identic-feed as anything either his job, his status or his social role that shows no trace about his individuality. It does do him justice to say that he has no identity of his own, if he doesn’t know his own mind and all his things are either arranged by others or done on others’ suggestions; if his life, always occupied by external things, Is completely void of an inner world. You won’t be able to find anything whatever, from head to heart, that truly belongs to him. He is, indeed, no more than a shadow cast by somebody else or a machine capable of doing business.作为自己在永恒宇宙中的一种身份,每个人都有一次机会过上自己的生活,这是独一无二的,是无法挽回的,因为卢梭所说的那样,他被造的模子,在那之后立即被上帝打破了。

林肯在葛底斯堡的演讲 中英文对照

林肯在葛底斯堡的演讲 中英文对照

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us:that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上给我们带来了一个新的共和国,她受孕于自由的理念,并献身于一切人生来平等的理想。

林肯(Abraham Lincoln)著名的葛底斯堡演说【中英对照版】

林肯(Abraham Lincoln)著名的葛底斯堡演说【中英对照版】

林肯(Abraham Lincoln)著名的葛底斯堡演说中英对照版Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.八十七年以前,我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家,它孕育于自由,并且献身给一种理念,即所有人都是生来平等的。

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.当前,我们正在从事一次伟大的内战,我们在考验,究竟这个国家,或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰的国家,是否能长久存在。

我们在那次战争的一个伟大的战场上集会。

我们来到这里,奉献那个战场上的一部分土地,作为在此地为那个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人的永久眠息之所。

我们这样做,是十分合情合理的。

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.可是,就更深一层意义而言,我们是无从奉献这片土地的--无从使它成为圣地--也不能把它变为人们景仰之所。

林肯在葛底斯堡的演说中英对照

林肯在葛底斯堡的演说中英对照

林肯在葛底斯堡的演说(中英对照)Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address(on Nov.19,1863)Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of the war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But , in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power to add or to detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here, to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall. under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.美国总统林肯葛底斯堡演讲词八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

从文本功能角度看_葛底斯堡演说_的三种译文

从文本功能角度看_葛底斯堡演说_的三种译文

*收稿日期:2008-02-26作者简介:李卫荣(1972-),女,河南安阳人,安阳工学院讲师,南京理工大学外语系在读硕士研究生。

从文本功能角度看《葛底斯堡演说》的三种译文李卫荣1,2(1.安阳工学院外语系,河南安阳455000;2.南京理工大学外语系,南京210094)摘要:从文本功能角度看《葛底斯堡演说》,它应该属于表达型和呼唤型并重的文本。

因此,翻译时应根据不同段落的具体功能交叉采用“语义翻译”和“交际翻译”。

关键词:《葛底斯堡演说》;语义翻译;交际翻译中图分类号:H315.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-2928(2008)03-0101-04一、引言英国翻译理论家纽马克是功能翻译学派的重要代表,他把翻译中的文本按功能分为三种:表达型文本、信息型文本和呼唤型文本,并且指出,译者应根据文本的三种功能分别忠实于各自文本中的原作者、真实性和读者层。

按照纽马克的分类,表达型文本的核心是作者的思想,因而作者的“个性成分”构成了表达型文本的“表达”要素,他提出用“语义翻译”的方法来处理这类文本,突出文本的“表达”性要素特征;信息型文本所关注的是“某个主题的事实”,因此,“真实性”是这类文本的“核心”,对这类文本的翻译应该注重接受者的理解,因而他建议采用“交际翻译”的方法,突出信息传递的准确与真实;对于呼唤性文本,其核心是“读者层”,文中作者的身份并不重要,重要的是信息传递的效果和读者的情感呼应,因此,他建议采用“交际翻译”的方法,译者必须顺从译文读者的欣赏习惯和心理感受,尽量使用他们熟悉的语言表达形式,去获取译文预期的效果。

纽马克进一步指出,很少有文本只有单纯的一种功能,大部分文本都是以一种功能为主,而兼顾其他两种功能。

因此译者必须首先确定文本的主要功能,或在同一文本的不同部分确定每一部分的语言功能,从而有针对性地采用相应的翻译策略和手法,或用“语义翻译”贴近原文,或用“交际翻译”顾及译文读者,注重翻译效果。

《葛底斯堡演说》汉语翻译

《葛底斯堡演说》汉语翻译

葛底斯堡演说
亚拉伯罕·林肯
87年前,我们的祖辈基于自由的构想和致力于实现人人平等的主张,在这个大陆上建立了一个新国家。

如今,我们投身于一场伟大的内战,检验我们这个国家,或者其他任何拥有这种构想和主张的国家,是否能够永久存在。

我们在这个伟大的战场上相逢。

我们将这块战场上的一小部分土地奉献给那些为了民族生存而献出他们生命的人们,以作为他们最后的安息之地。

我们这样做是天经地义的。

但是,从更大的意义上来说,我们无法奉献,无法献身,无法将这块土地奉为圣地。

那些曾经在这块土地上奋勇作战的英雄们,无论在世与否,他们对这片土地的奉献远远超过我们所能增加或减少的微不足道的能力。

世人不会太在意,也不会永远记着我们在这里所说的话。

但是,那些曾经在这片土地上奋勇作战的英雄们将被世人永远铭记。

我们这些尚存于世的人们更应该在这片土地上,为那些英雄们尚未完成的事业而倾尽一生。

那些英雄们曾在此浴血奋战。

我们在这里更应该献身于那些英雄们遗留下来的伟大事业;由于他们的光荣牺牲,我们应该更加坚定地舍生于他们最后拼尽全力所献身的事业——我们在此表明最大的决心,那些牺牲的英雄们绝不会白白浪费自己的生命。

在上帝的保佑之下,这个国家将获得自由的新生。

一个“民有、民治、民享”的政府将在这个地球上永存。

葛底斯堡演讲(中英对照)

Abraham LincolnNovember 19, 1863Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaFourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure. We are met on the battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live. It is altogether and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom, that the government of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.主讲:亚伯拉罕·林肯时间:1863年11月19日地点:美国,宾夕法尼亚,葛底斯堡八十七年前,我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

葛底斯堡演说中英对照全文

葛底斯堡演说中英对照全文葛底斯堡演说是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯在1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡为在南北战争中阵亡的士兵落成的国家士兵公墓进行致辞时所作的演讲。

这篇演说是美国历史上最重要的演讲之一,也是公认的英语演讲文化的经典之作之一。

以下是葛底斯堡演说中英对照的全文:英文原文:Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth onthis continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper thatwe should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather,to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotionto that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shallnot have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shallhave a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.中文翻译:八十七年前,我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家,它以自由的理念为基础,致力于宣扬人人生来平等的原则。

以“信达雅”评《葛底斯堡演说》两中译本

89以“信达雅”评《葛底斯堡演说》两中译本作者简介:樊淑颖,华南理工大学外国语学院在读硕士研究生,研究方向:系统功能语法。

美国总统林肯于1863年发表了著名的《葛底斯堡演说》。

这篇演说是美国历史上重要的思想政治文献,结构严谨,措辞精练,同时整篇文章充满了对称,铿锵有力。

翻译此类作品,对译者有很高要求。

许渊冲(1984)就早期三篇有关该演说的译文做了评析,但在某些片段的评析中看重“意”而忽略“形”。

对于其观点:意译并不要求忠实于原文,只要求尊重原文内容和通顺的译文形式,这似乎有失偏颇。

马万平(2010)以泰特勒三原则为理论依据,将张培基、许渊冲和石幼珊三个版本的《葛底斯堡演说》译文片段进行了对比分析,尤其侧重分析译文是否忠于原文这一特点。

张翠(2017)根据Reiss 对语篇所对应功能,即信息功能、表情功能及呼吁功能,对石幼珊、李明、江怡的《葛底斯堡演说》译本片段进行了详细的对比分析。

本文选取石幼珊(1997)和许渊冲(1984)的中译文作为文本(以下简称石译和许译),以严复的“信达雅”评价标准,对比分析两个中译本的异同,希望能为其他演说词的翻译实践提供借鉴。

一、“信达雅”理论简述“信”“达”“雅”早在三国支谦的《法句经序》中就已有所体现,但将“信达雅”明确作为翻译标准而提出,则始于严复。

(陈福康,2000)有人说研究“信达雅”就是研究中国全部的翻译理论。

郁达夫将“信达雅”奉为“翻译界的金科玉律”,或是“我国翻译的标准”。

可见,“信达雅”在我国翻译界占据举足轻重的地位。

(王瑞玲,2007)在新的历史时期,后人对“信达雅”有不同的解读。

许渊冲(1984)提出在当代社会,严复的“信达雅”可以理解为“忠实于原文内容,通顺的译文形式,发挥译文的语言优势”。

林璋(2000)认为“信”有两个方面:对原作的信和对译文读者的信,严复似乎更侧重于后者。

沈苏儒(2006)提出,相对于严复当初在《译例言》中所作的诠释,我们现在对“信达雅”的理解已经有了相当大的发展,更加充实。

《葛底斯堡演说》的三个中译本中长句翻译之比较


译本二: 八十七年前, 我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起 一个崭新的国家。 这个国家以自由为理想, 以致力于实现人
人享有天赋的平等权利为 目标。
译本三 : 我们在这里更应献身于摆在我们面前的伟大
译本三: 87年前, 在这个大陆上我们的父辈创建了一个 新的国家, 信仰自由, 致力于人生而平等的主张。 该句的主句是“ Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers br ught for h upon this continent a newnation", o t 后面紧跟着两 个垂悬分词“ conceived in liber y” dedicated tothe pr posit 和“ o tion that all men are created equal", 这两个垂悬分词的逻辑
主语均为‘ new nation" , `a 其中第二个垂悬分词中包含了一
高翻译能力的好方法。 关键词 : 长句翻译 三个中译本 比较研究
长句翻译比较, 实例比较: 该演说词共有10句, 精选其 中2 , 10两个经典长句来作比较。 Sentence 1: Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers br ught forth upon this continent a new nation ,conceived in libo er y,and dedicated to the pr position that all men are created et o
舒适的语言环境, 帮助学习者树立自 信心, 克服紧张、 焦虑、
害羞等消极情感 , 降低他们的情感过滤 , 使学习者能积极参 与到课堂活动中。 当然, 克拉申的输入理论也有其不足之处: 只强调了输 人的作用, 忽视了输出的作用; 对于到底多少是足够的量没 有给出具体的定义; 强调了外部语言输人, 忽视了学习者作 为学习主体的作用。 因此在应用语言输人理论时, 我们要扬 长避短,不能生搬硬套。这样才能促进我国的外语课堂教 学, 提高语言习得效果。
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林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》汉译文的对比分析
作者:杨再旺
来源:《青年文学家》2015年第21期

摘 ;要:林肯的《葛底斯堡演讲》是历史上著名的演讲名篇,多年来我国许多人都曾尝试
翻译此篇演讲词。本文将以张培基《英汉翻译教程》里刊载的演讲词翻译以及许渊冲《翻译通
讯》里刊载的演讲词翻译为主,对这两篇译文进行浅略分析,谈谈笔者对这两篇译文的看法。

关键词:林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》汉译文;张培基《英汉翻译教程》;许渊冲《翻译通讯》
作者简介: 杨再旺(1994-),女,就读于西南财经大学。
[中图分类号]:H31 [文献标识码]:A
[文章编号]:1002-2139(2015)-21--01
一、原文分析
1863年11月19日,林肯在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式中发表此次
演说,哀悼在长达五个半月的葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》全文总共
10个句子,267词,演说时间只有两分钟。本文同属表达型文本和呼唤型文本。文章没有任何
多余的赘言,开门见山,立即转入正题;结尾语气坚定,给听众留下感情奔放、情意深切、逻
辑严密和生动有力的深刻印象。

二、译文比较分析
1、词汇选择
原文1:Fourscore and seven years ago ... a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated
to the proposition that all men are created equal.

张译:七八十年以前,我们的先辈们在这个大路上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之
中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

许译:七八十年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由为理想、以人人平等为
宗旨的新国家。

文中conceived 和dedicated 两个动词的含义对于表现这个国家的自由平等有重要的作用。
张分别使用“孕育”、“奉行”两个动词来体现;许则简化了这两个词,以“神似”的意译来取代了直
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译,“一个以自由为理想、以人人平等为宗旨的新国家”。笔者认为,翻译中所表达的原文含义
比翻译中所采用的结构更为重要,许的简化翻译使得译文丢失了部分原文的内容。

原 ;文2:But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicated—— we cannot consecrate——we
cannot hallow——this ground.

张译:但是,从更广泛的意义上来说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,我们不能够圣化,我们
不能够神化。

许译:但是,从更深刻的意义来说,我们不能使这一角战场成为圣地,我们不能使它流芳
百世,我们不能使它永垂青史。

原文中这三个词dedicated, consecrate和hallow意思逐步深入递进,烘托了牺牲战士们的
崇高性,表现出了庄重严肃的情感。dedicated 有“奉献,投身于、致力于”的意思;consecrate有
“为……祝圣,使圣化”的意思;hallow有“把……视为神圣,使成为神圣”的意思。因此,可以看
出,张是根据原文,以直译的方式来处理这个句子。许则进行了加工,用四字成语显得更有气
势,语气不断加深。

2、句式结构与逻辑
原 ;文3:It is rather for us…… task remaining before us——that from these honored dead……
he last full measure of devotion; that we …… shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall... and
that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

张译:倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——以便使我们从
这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的奉献精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;以便使
我们在这里下定最大的决心,不让这些死者们白白牺牲;以便使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的
新生,并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

许译:我们更应该献身于我们面前的伟大任务,更应该不断向这些光荣牺牲的烈士学习,
学习他们为事业鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已的献身精神,更应该在这里下定决心,一定不让这些烈士
的鲜血白流;这个国家在上帝的保佑下,一定要得到自由和新生,这个民有、民治、民享的政
府一定不能从地球上消失。

这段话句式结构复杂,4个that引导了4个task的同位语从句。从句式结构到具体的措
辞,两位先生的翻译都有很大的不同。张用“以便使……以便使……以便使……并且使……”的
句式结构对原句进行分解;而许采用的是“更应该……更应该……更应该……一定要……”句式
结构。二者翻译均有排比句式的强烈情感色彩。而对于原文中出现的shall,张译为“让,使”,
许译为“让,一定”。从许的措辞,如“鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已”“一定不能从地球上消失”等中,可
以看出他的翻译相对情感色彩更为激烈,强硬;而张的翻译,如“白白牺牲”“永世长存”等,则较
为缓和的情感,更能表现出对牺牲者的谦卑的态度。
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三、总结
《葛底斯堡演讲》属于政治性的演讲词,两位先生的译作各有千秋。张培基的译文贴切原
文意思,词句的翻译处理更加精致;许渊冲的译文多采用四字成语,气势磅礴。但是,笔者认
为后者的翻译在细节处理,如遣词用句上过于意译。因此,笔者认为张培基的译文较好。

参考文献:
[1]古今明《林肯葛底斯堡演说词译文的对比分析》外语研究[J]1988年第4期
[2]宗福常《<林肯总统葛底斯堡演说词>汉译研究》《镇江师专学报》[J]19987年第3期

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