初中英语语法_动词时态讲解与练习
初中英语语法：动词时态讲解及练习
动词时态专讲
一、概说
动词的时态历来是中考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述，动词的时态在中考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。
二、各种时态的构成
三、各种时态的用法
◆◆一般现在时
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every day，every other day，sometimes，often，usually，on Sunday …
I leave home for school at 7 _________________ (每天早晨).
The Olympic Games are held ____________________ (每四年).
What do you ____________ (通常) do when you are free on Sunday?
2. 用在客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或格言警句中。
The earth _________________ (绕着……转) the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海__________中国的东方。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此种用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
My teacher told us that light _________ (travel) faster than sound.
Didn’t you father tell you that the sun ________ (be) much larger than the moon?
3. 表示按计划表或时间表将要发生的动作，某些动词如come, go, move, stop, leave, finish, start等，在一般现在时态中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
The plane _____________ (起飞) at half past eleven tomorrow morning.
The train comes at 3 o’clock.火车三点钟到。
Class starts in two mimutes. 两分钟后就要上课了。
4. 由when，as soon as，until，before，after引导的时间状语从句或由if，unless，as long as，once引导的条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll help you as soon as I ___________(到达) Beijing tomorrow.
I won’t leave unless you __________ (tell) me everything.
◆◆一般过去时
1. 表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1981等。
Where did you go just now? 刚才你去哪儿了？
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。特别是由would / used to表达的句型，本身表达的就是过去时。常与always，usually，often，sometimes，never等时间状语连用。When I was a child, I often _______________ (踢足球) in the yard.
He used _____________ (smoke) a lot, but he doesn’t now.
3. 用于追述逝去的人或事，以及在从句中叙述历史事实。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
4. 用于虚拟语气(非真实的过去)。
If I _________ (知道) the truth, I would tell you now.
I wish I __________ (有) a cherry without a stone.
If I _________ (是) a bird, I would fly in the sky.
5. 辨析used to / be used to
1) used to+do：“过去常常”，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 母亲以前没有这么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk after supper. 斯卡夫过去在晚饭后常常散步。
2) be used to+doing：“对……已感到习惯”，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 Scarf is used to taking a walk after supper. 斯卡夫现在习惯于在晚饭后散步。
Have you been used to ______________ (住在这里)?
◆◆现在进行时
1. 表示现在 (指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。在句中往往有now等时间状语或是像Look! / Listen! 等提示词语，有的则是通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行。
We are _____________ (等) you outside the classroom now.
Look! The man _____________ (放) a kite at the square.
The music sounds very familiar. Who ___________ (弹) the piano upstairs?
2. 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。
The students are preparing for the examination. 学生们正在作考试________。
Mr. Green is writing another novel these days.
格林先生这些天在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
3. 与always，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always ___________ your mind. 你总是改变主意。（表示抱怨或不满）
She is forever thinking of _____________. 她永远都在为他人考虑。（表示赞许）
4. 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive，come，leave，die等。例如：
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 他们明天要去香港。
◆◆过去进行时
1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间或时刻除了上下文暗示之外，还有时间状语如at that time / moment，at this time yesterday或when / while等引导的状语从句表示。
____________________________ (你正在做什么) at nine o’clock yesterday evening?
It _________________ when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候，天正下着雨。
While I ______________ (play) on the computer, he knocked at the door.
2. 与always，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
He was always ringing me up. 他过去老是给我______________。
My grandfather was always ______________ things. 我祖父总是忘这忘那。
3. come / go / leave / arrive / set out / start等一些表示趋向动作的动词用过去进行时可表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，一般强调按计划、要求、打算进行的动作。
Mr. Smith said he was leaving for London soon. 史密斯先生说他不久要________________。
4. 注意区别：
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间“发生了的动作”或“存在了的状态”，而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时刻或某一段时间“正在进行的动作”。
Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. (表明信写完了)
Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
(只表明“一直在写”，不清楚“是否写完”，也许信还没有写完)
◆◆现在完成时
1. 一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。表示从过去持续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：up to now / till now / until now / so far，in the last / past few days，lately / recently，for+时间段/ since+过去的时间点，ever since / since then / ever since then 等。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown ______________________ (在过去的几年里). He has been busy writing a book ____________ (最近).
She has been a nurse _____________________ (十年).
2. 一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响，注意这时说话者的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响上。常用的时间状语有already，yet，just，never，before等。
我以前从没有去过北京。________________________________________
3. 关于瞬间动词
1) 瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词、终止性动词或非延续性动词，表示动作瞬间完成，可以有现在完成时态，但不能持续一段时间。在完成时中表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词，有的可变为been+相应的介词/形容词。常见的有：
borrow → buy → become →
marry → finish → die →
begin/start → fall asleep → fall ill →
leave → open → close →
2) 瞬间动词若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。如：
①He has come to Beijing since last year. (×)
He has been in Beijing since last year. (√)
②He has joined the army for three years. (×)
He has served in / been a member of the army for three years. (√)
He joined the army three years ago. (√)
He has been a soldier for three years. (√)
It is three years since he joined the army. (√)
3) 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。例如：
I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。
She hasn’t come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。
注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for twenty years. 我在这里工作过20年。(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for twenty years. 我已经在这里工作20年了。(现在我仍在这里工作。) Bill says that he will stay in Nanjing for three more days. 比尔说他将要在南京再待三天。
4. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. 这部电影我看过了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2) 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。句子中如有过去时的时间副词如 yesterday，last week，in 1986时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（×）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（√）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
◆◆过去完成时
1. 表示过去的过去
----|-------------|--------|----> 其构成形式是“had +过去分词”。
那时以前那时现在
2. 一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文给出暗示。
She __________________ (已经学习) some English before she came to this city.
3. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2012，by the time等。
By then he had learned English for four years. 截止到那时，他已经____________________。
4. 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。也可用在状语从句中，此时，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去完成时；发生在后用一般过去时。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没去过巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 等到警察来的时候，贼早已经跑了。
5. 过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间参照点不用：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。在使用时，还要注意现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。
When I got to the cinema, the film ________________ (已经开始) for five minutes.
◆◆一般将来时
1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。
其构成形式为: “will / shall+动词原形”或“am / is / are going to+动词原形”。
与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next week，in five days等。
2. 当主语是第一人称I或we时，问句中一般用shall，表示征求对方的意见：
When and where shall we meet? 我们何时何地见面呢？
3.“am / is / are going to +动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的，很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他计划今晚到电视台讲话。
Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看天上的乌云，一场__________要来了。
4. 以下几种情况只可用will表将来，而不可用be going to结构。
①表示有礼貌的询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
Will you please __________ (借) me your pencil?
②表示意愿时。
We will help him if he asks us. 如果他要求的话，我们是愿意帮助他的。
③表单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
The sun will ___________ (落) at half past seven this evening.
Fish will die __________________ (没有了水).
5. 一般现在时表将来
①下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明早六点发车。
②在if，as soon as，until，when等引导的状语从句中。
When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来了后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。
6. 现在进行时表将来
意为“意图”、“打算”、“安排”，常用于人。常用词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我打算明天动身。
Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这儿住到下周吗？
◆◆过去将来时
表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来。其构成形式为“would+动词原形”或“was / were going to+动词原形”。与过去将来时态连用的时间状语有：the next day / year，the following week / month等。具体运用时，多用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
He told me that he would visit me if possible. 他说要是可能的话他会来___________的。Jim asked Lucy if she would buy the new book. 吉姆问露西她是否要_________________。
时态自我检测题（45分）
I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a fine day. The sun _______________ (shine) brightly.
2. They _______________ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.
3. Mr. Brown _______________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4. Mr. Wang _______________ (teach) us English two years ago.
5. The Smiths _______________ (watch) TV at this time last night.
6. We _______________ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
7. Father said that he _______________ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
8. Bill isn’t here. He _______________ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.
9. The teacher said that the moon _______________ (go) round the earth.
10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _______________ (not rain) this Sunday.
11. Listen! They _______________ (talk) about the new film.
12. Jim asked us what _______________ (happen) in China in 1976.
13. The host _______________ (interview) the little boy just now.
14. He said that he _______________ (ring) me up when he got there.
15. We _______________ (learn) English for about three years.
16. The farmers _______________ (pick) apples when I saw them.
17. The film _______________ (begin) when I got to the cinema.
18. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she ___________ (grow) up.
19. Mr. Green _______________ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.
20. I’ll go home as soon as I _______________ (finish) my homework.
II．根据句意，选择填空。
21. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ________.
A. will arrive
B. gets there
C. has gone
D. reach here
22. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
—I ________ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep
B. don’t sleep
C. haven’t slept
D. won’t sleep
23. —Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking?
—Sorry, I ________ that.
A. didn’t see
B. don’t see
C. won’t see
D. can’t see
24. —Well, I found this. I think it must be yours.
—My watch! Thank you. Where ________ it?
A. do you find
B. had you found
C. were you finding
D. did you find
25. —Do you know when Dr. White ________ for dinner this evening?
—No, but I think he ________ when he is free.
A. will come; comes
B. will come; will come
C. comes; comes
D. comes; will come
26. Look at those black clouds. It ________ rain. Let’s hurry.
A. maybe
B. would
C. has
D. is going to
27. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ________ thousands of visitors since 1995.
A. attracted
B. attracts
C. has attracted
D. will attract
28. —Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.
—Really? Where ________ he ________?
A. has; gone
B. will; go
C. did; go
D. does; go
29. —Shall we go shopping now?
—Sorry, I can’t. I ________ my shirts.
A. wash
B. washes
C. washed
D. am washing
30. —I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
—Oh, I am sorry. I ________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have
B. had
C. was having
D. have had
31. —________ you ________ your e-mails today?
—Not yet. There’s something wrong with my computer.
A. Have; checked
B. Did; check
C. Do; check
D. Are; checking
32. —How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black?
—Oh, I ________ such a beautiful city before.
A. don’t visit
B. didn’t visit
C. haven’t visited
D. hadn’t visited
33. —Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup?
—Sorry, I ________ it to Mary.
A. lent
B. have lent
C. had lent
D. lend
34. —Mum, may I go out to play football?
—________ you ________ your homework yet?
A. Have; finished
B. Do; finished
C. Are; finishing
D. Did; finish
35. —The t rain is leaving right now, but David hasn’t arrived yet.
—Well, he said he ________ here on time.
A. came
B. will be
C. would come
D. can be
36. —Why didn’t you go to the cinema yesterday?
—Because I ________ the film before.
A. had seen
B. have seen
C. have watched
D. has watched
37. I don’t think John saw me. He ________ a book at that moment.
A. just read
B. has just read
C. was just reading
D. had just read
38. Mr. Green ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
39. Mr. White ________ the newspaper while his daughter ________ TV.
A. has read; was watching
B. was reading; watched
C. was reading; was watching
D. reading; watched
40. —I ________ you at the meeting. Why?
—I was ill.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. not see
D. didn’t see
41. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes.
A. has been on
B. has begun
C. had begun
D. began
42. —May I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, he ________ Australia. But he ________ in two days.
A. has been to; will come back
B. has gone to; will be back
C. has been in; would come back
D. is leaving for; doesn’t come back
43. I can’t go to the theater tonight because I ________ my ticket.
A. have lost
B. had lost
C. will lose
D. was losing
44. —What a nice bike! How long ________ you ________ it?
—Just two weeks.
A. have; bought
B. did; buy
C. have; had
D. are; having
45. Mrs. Smith ______ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes
B. left; had come
C. had left; would come
D. had left; came
参考答案
I． 1. is shining 2. will visit 3. has lived 4. taught 5. were watching
6. had learned
7. would buy
8. is chatting
9. goes 10. doesn’t snow
11. are talking 12. happened 13. interviewed 14. would ring 15. have learned
16. were picking 17. had begun 18. grew 19. has travelled 20. finish
II．21-25 BAADB 26-30 DCBDC 31-35 ACBAC
36-40 ACDCD 41-45 ABACD
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态，英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点，在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选，完形填空，及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目，还包括翻译句子，书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1．一般现在时 2．现在进行时 3．一般过去时 4．过去进行时 5．一般将来时 6．过去将来时 7．现在完成时 8．过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力，能使句子的意思明确，能显示细微的差异，能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活，在不同的时间中，要用不同的形式，这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1．一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 （1）一般现在时的时间状语通常有： ①often ②usually ③always
④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every＋时间 ⑦次数＋时间 ⑧on＋时间 ⑨in＋时间 ⑩没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实 （2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示： ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成
其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示（以动词work为例） 特别提示： have(has)在表示“有”时，否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not)，变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时，其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗？ Had you a good time going hiking yesterday？(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday？(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗？
英语语法专练 第一部分冠词 there ____“s”in the end of the word D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ____honest man. D. / is ____university student. D. / 4. ____ book is very useful. I bought it from____unknown little town. , a , a , the , an in ___Grade three is ____tallest in our school. , the, the , a, a , ×, the , ×, a moves around____earth,and they both are smaller than ____sun. , an, a , the, the C.×, ×, × , the, the 7. She was playing ____piano then. B./ should care for ____old. , a , the , a , the city lies on ____Yangtzi River. C./ doesn’t have ____lunch at home.
C./ 第二部分名词 there ____on that plate There are ____under that tree. chicken chicken chickens chickens need two ____to repair the table. of woods of wood of wood of woods know ____doesn’t runl so fast as light（光）. sound sound are sixty ____in our school. teacher teachers teachers teacher Smith is a friend of_____. ’s mother’s ’s mother ’s of Mary mother’s 第三部分数词 always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ____. ,hundred ,hundred ,hundreds ,hundreds People’s Republic of China was founded ____,1949. October 1 October 1st October 1st 1 3friday is the ____day of the week.
中考初中英语语法八大时态总结（附答案） 初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
初中英语语法综合练习题 单项选择 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. % A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet { 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. ~ A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself.
A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 、 9、Does Jack want a writer A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 【 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 【 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought
一、一般现在时： 1. .概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2．用法 1）.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 2）.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态 3）.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 4）.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 5）表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 6）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 一般现在时常与下列时间状语连用：always, usually, often, s ometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加- (e)s ） It seldom snows here. 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 .基本结构： be动词（was/ were）；行为动词的过去式；情态动词的过去式+动词原形 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
初中英语语法总结 ( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
一、选择题 1．Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma ________. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．sleep D．are sleeping 2．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 3．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 4．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 5．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 6．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 7．Which of the following sentences is correct? A．He came in and sat down. B．We all like
英语语法专练第一部分冠词 1.Is there “s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ___ _honest man. A.an B.a C.the D. / 3.He is ____university student. A.a B.an C.the D. / 4. __ book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town. A. A, a B.The, a C.The, the D.The, an 5. _________________________ ___girl in ___Grade three is tallest in our school. A.The, the, the B.A, a, a C.The, ×, the D.A, ×, a 6. ___ moon moves around _____ e arth,and they both are smaller than sun. A.The, an, a B.A, the, the C. ×, ×, × D.The, the, the 7. She was playing _ piano then. A.a B./ C.the D.an 8. ___ young should care for __ old. A.The, a B.The, the C.A, a D.A, the 9. _______________ The city lies on Yangtzi River. A.the B.a C./ D.an 10. ___________________ H e doesn ' t have lunch at home. A.a B.the C./ D.that 第二部分名词 1.Is there _ on that plate? There are under that tree. a. some chicken b.any chicken c.some chickens d.any chickens 2. ______________ We need two to repair the table. a. block of woods b.blocks of wood c.block of wood d.blocks of woods 3. __________ We know doesn't travel so fast as light. a.sound b.sounds c.a sound d.the sound 4. _______________ There are sixty in our school. a.woman teacher b.women teachers C.woman teachers d.women teacher 5. _______________________ Miss Smith is a friend of . a.Mary 's mother 's b.Mary 's mother c.mother 's of Mary d.Mary mother 's 第三部分数词 1. ___________________________________________________________ He always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ________________. a.hundred,hundred b.hundreds,hundred
一、选择题 1．--Look! Someone the classroom. --Well,it wasn't me. I didn't do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．will clean 2．—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words? —Wait a minute. I ________. A．am cooking B．cook C．cooked D．will cook 3．— Look at my new watch. —Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it? A．Do B．will C．did D．Are 4．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 5．Wang Wei often ________ TV on Sunday evenings, but now he is _______ stories. A．watches; reading B．watching; reads C．looks; reading D．watches; looking 6．It’s 4:00 p.m. The students _____ in the pool. A．swim B．swam C．swims D．are swimming 7．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 8．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 9．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 10．Sorry, Jenny isn’t here. She________ up some lights in the garden. A．put B．puts C．is putting D．has put 11．—I called you at three yesterday afterno on, but you weren’t in. —I ________ a meeting at that time. A．had B．was having C．have had D．would have 12．—How long can I _____ the English workbook? —For two weeks. A．borrow B．to borrow C．keep D．to keep 13．— Could you please tell me yesterday? — In the bookshop nearby. A．Where you bought the book B．Where you buy the book C．Where did you buy the book D．Where do you buy the book 14．— Have you ever been anywhere for a trip? — A trip? I ________ away from my hometown even once. A．went B．have gone C．have been D．have never been
一、选择题 1．Look! Dave __________ on the phone. A．talks B．are talking C．talk D．is talking 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 3．—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A．am watering B．have watered C．watered D．water 4．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 5．— Look at my new watch. —Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it? A．Do B．will C．did D．Are 6．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 7．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 8．—Have you written a litter to your brother? —Yes, I have. I________one last Sunday. A．was writing B．wrote C．have written 9．Alice always________her notebooks. She is not tidy. A．lose B．lost C．loses D．found 10．They the English role play for the show last night. A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced 11．--Look! Someone the classroom. --Well,it wasn't me. I didn't do it. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．will clean 12．Mr Hua ________ to Japan. He’ll come back in two weeks. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．will go 13．He _______ to school by bike, but now he _____ to school on foot. A．used to going, gets used to going B．used to go, gets used to go C．used to go, gets used to going 14．—Do you still play the piano?
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 3．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．—Why do you get up so early? —Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride. A．fifty-minutes B．fifty minute’s C．fifty-minute’s D．fifty minutes’6．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 7．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．8．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my father and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 9．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 10．_____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend. A．Lily’s and Nick’s; them B．Lily and Nick’s; the m C．Lily and Nick’s; their D．Lily and Nick; their 11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．-Can I help you?
一、选择题 1．— How ________ your trip to Australia? —Great. I’ll go there again next year. A．was B．is C．are D．were 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 3．Will you go fishing if it ________ tomorrow? A．didn’t rain B．doesn’t rain C．won’t rain 4．—Listen！Who in the music room? —It must be Sally. She there every day. A．sings, sings B．is singing, sings C．sings, is singing 5．—Rose, can you give me a hand? —Just a minute. I ______ the followers. A．am watering B．have watered C．watered D．water 6．We’re not sure _______ there’ll be _______ or not tomorrow. A．if; rains B．if; rainy C．whether; raining D．whether; rain 7．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 8．My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday. A．has cooked B．was cooking C．will cook D．cooks 9．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 10．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 11．Which of the following sentences is correct? A．He came in and sat down. B．We all like