部分倒装句的五种常用句式

部分倒装句的五种常用句式

英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为类，一是部分倒装，二是完全倒装。前者指主语和助动词倒置，后者指主语和谓语完全倒置。

部分倒装即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有以下几种：

1. 在正式文体中，never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。如：Seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余时间很少看书。

By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

Hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the flaw. 老人在这阵狂风中几乎站不住了。Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

注：某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装。如：

In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。

On no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。

但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序，因为该短语并不表示否定意

义。如：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

2. 当状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后通常要用部分倒装的形式。如：

Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式(so用于前后为肯定的情况，neither / nor用于前后为否定的情况)。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。

He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。

She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。

注：注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别。如：

“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

“Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.” “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”

4. 当so…that… 结构中的“so+形容词或副词”结构位于句首时，其后用部分倒装的形式。如：So easy was the task that they finished it in a few days. 那项工作很容易, 他们几天就完成了。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那

么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。

5. 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句。如：

Had you listened to me, you wouldn't have made so many mistakes. 如果你听了我的话，你不会犯这么多错误。

Should it be necessary, I could come at six. 如果确有需要，我可以六点钟来。

Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。

注：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词。如：

Had I enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足够的钱，我就去买一辆新车。