~地铁英语
乘地铁的英语短语
乘地铁的英语短语大量学生乘地铁 Lots of students take the Mass Transit Railway我们乘地铁 We take the underground.乘地铁/渡船 by subway/ferry乘地铁上班 Go to work by subway ;最好乘地铁 Better take the subway不愿乘地铁 Unwilling to Take the Subway乘地铁旅行 Subway travel1. The underground is ideal for getting to work in Milan.在米兰，乘地铁去上班非常便捷。
2. He prefers travelling on the Tube to riding in a limousine.他更愿意乘地铁出行，不愿坐豪华轿车。
3. I took the tube then the train and came straight here.我先乘地铁，然后坐火车直奔这里。
4. He travelled by tube.他乘地铁旅行。
5. He crossed London by underground.他乘地铁穿过伦敦。
6. You may get to the railway station by tube.你可以乘地铁到火车站.7. Can you reach the park by metro?你可以乘地铁到达那个公园吗 ?8. The Metro journey back to the centre of the town was hot and uncomfortable.乘地铁返回市中心又热又不舒服。
9. He likes to transfer from the bus to the Blue Line at 103rd Street in Watts.他喜欢在华兹区第103大街下公交车转乘地铁蓝线。
地铁的发明英语
地铁的发明英语The Invention of the SubwayThe subway, also known as the metro or underground railway, is an important mode of transportation in modern cities. Its invention has brought great convenience to people's travel and has had a profound impact on urban development.The subway was first invented in London, England in the 19th century. At that time, London's population and traffic were growing rapidly, and the existing transportation system could not meet the needs of people. In order to solve this problem, the British began to build underground railways to ease traffic congestion.The first subway line in the world was opened in London in 1863. Since then, the subway has gradually spread to other cities around the world. With the continuous development of technology, the subway has also been continuously improved and upgraded, becoming a modern, efficient and convenient transportation tool.The subway has many advantages. Firstly, it can carry a large number of passengers, which can effectively alleviate traffic congestion incities. Secondly, the subway runs quickly and punctually, which saves people's travel time. In addition, the subway is relatively environmentally friendly, which can reduce air pollution and noise pollution.In short, the invention of the subway is of great significance to urban development and people's travel. It is an important symbol of modern urban civilization and an important guarantee for improving urban transportation efficiency and quality of life.。
英语地铁系统介绍(metro,underground railway system)
Rapid transit (Metro)The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by track lengthand by number of stations, at 468.The Moscow Metro is one of the busiest metro systems in the world and is the busiest in Europe.Rapid transit, also known as metro, subway, underground, or colloquially as "the train", is a type of high-capacity public transportgenerally found in urban areas.[1][2][3] Unlike buses, trams or light rail, rapid transit systems are electric railways that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles of any sort,[4] and which is often grade separated in tunnelsor on elevated railways.Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on rail tracks, although some systems use guided rubber tyres, magnetic levitation, or monorail. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to avoid gaps. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines.[5] It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land. Variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn.The world's first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a conventional railway in 1863, and now forms part of the LondonUnderground.[6] In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, initially a cable-hauled line using static steam engines.The world's largest rapid transit system by both length of track (842 miles (1,355 km), including non-revenue track)[7] and number of stations (468 stations in total)[8] is the New York City Subway. By length of passenger route, the world's longest single-operator rapid transit system is the Shanghai Metro.[9][10] The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Metro, and the Shanghai Metro.[11]TerminologyMetro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers.[12] Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts; the use oftunnels inspires names such as subway,[13]underground,[14]Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn) in German,[15] or the Tunnelbana (T-bana) in Swedish;[16] the use of viaducts inspires names such as elevated (el or L), skytrain,[17]overhead, or overground. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if a large part of the network (for example, in outer suburbs) runs at ground level.In most of Britain, a subway is a pedestrian underpass; the terms Underground and Tube are used for the London Underground, and the Tyne and Wear Metro, mostly overground, is known as the Metro. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway. Conversely, in the U.S., underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, and the term metro is short for metropolitan area.HistoryInitial construction stages of London's Metropolitan Railway atKing's Cross St. Pancras in 1861The opening in 1863 of London's steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam and the natural choice for trains running in tunnels and proved superior for elevated services. In 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fullyunderground.[18]Both railways were eventually merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset.[19]The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe, Canada and the United States with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from the outset. Budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services.[20] There were 19 systems by 1940, and 66 by 1984.[citation needed] Cities such as Osloand Marseille opened extensive systems in the 1960s and many new systems were introduced in Southeast Asia and Latin America.[15]Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-trainand premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems.[18] In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems.[21]OperationRapid transit is used in cities, agglomerations, and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency. The extent of the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies.Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear.[3]Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as buses, trams, or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops.[22] In Toronto, over 50% of its rapid transit stations have bus and streetcar terminals within the fare-paid zone, providing a connection without requiring proof of payment.[citation needed]LinesEach rapid transit system consists of one or more lines, or circuits. Each line is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in the suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the Copenhagen Metro[23] and the New York City Subway.[24]Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city centre, for instance in the Prague Metro.[25] The London Underground[26]and Paris Métro[27] are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The Chicago 'L' has most of its linesconverging on The Loop, the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the Moscow Metro'sKoltsevaya Line and Tokyo's Yamanote Line.The capacity of a line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency. Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the seated to standing ratio—more standing gives higher capacity. Bilevel cars, used mostly on German S-Bahn type systems, have more space, allowing the higher seated capacity needed on longer journeys. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to the use of block signaling: the minimum headway might be 90 seconds, which might be limited to 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 people per hour. The highest attained capacity is 80,000 people per hour by the MTR Corporation in Hong Kong.[28]Network topologiesRapid transit topologies are determined by a large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to cover an area with a set of lines, which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross a body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. In Walker's analysis, loops appear to provide good coverage, but are inefficient for everyday commuting use, while a rough grid pattern offers a wide variety of routes, while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service.[29]Circle, e.g.GlasgowCircle-radial,e.g.Beijing, London,Madrid, Moscow,Seoul, Shanghai,TokyoSecant,e.g.Athens,Bucharest,Budapest,Hyderabad,Kharkiv, Kiev,Kuala Lumpur,Munich, Prague,São Paulo,Tashkent,TehranComplex grid,e.g.Berlin, Delhi, NewYork, Shenzhen,Osaka, Paris,TaipeiX-shaped,e.g.Amsterdam,Brussels, Oslo,Porto, Riode Janeiro, San Francisco,StockholmDiameter line,e.g.Algiers, Helsinki,Lima, Mumbai,Sendai,YekaterinburgVesica piscis, e.g. Cairo,Lille, Milan,Nuremberg,Rotterdam, Sofia(partly), Tyne and WearCross,e.g.Atlanta,Bangalore,Esfahan,Kaohsiung, Kyoto,Minsk,Philadelphia,Rome, Sapporo,Warsaw Passenger informationInformation panel showing the current location and upcoming stops of an East-West Singapore MRT train. Note that each station has a unique alpha-numeric code, e.g.: EW26 LakesideRapid transit operators have often built up strong brands. The use of a single letter as a station sign has become widespread, with systems identified by the letters L, M, S, T and U, among others.[30] In the Singapore MRT, each station was assigned a unique alphanumeric symbol. E.g.: EW26 Lakeside (26th station on the East West Line). Interchange stations will then have at least two codes. For example, HarbourFront will have two codes, NE1, 1st station on the North East Line section and CC29, 29th station on the Circle Line section. (NE1/CC29 HarbourFront) Branding has focused on easy recognition—to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities—combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority.[31]In many cities, there is a single corporate image for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile.A transit map is a topological map or schematic diagram used to show the routes and stations in a public transport system. The main components are color-coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport.[32]Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on platforms, elsewhere in stations, and in printed timetables. Maps help users understand the interconnections between different parts ofthe system; for example, they show theinterchange stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the topological connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify the display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center.[32]With widespread use of the Internet and cell phones globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when the next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The standardized GTFS data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest.Safety and securityPlatform-edge doors are used for safety at Daan Station on Line 2,Taipei Metro, TaiwanSee also: Classification of railway accidentsCompared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations, with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce the occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments. Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system.[33][34]High platforms (usually over 1 meter / over 3 feet) are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. Platform screen doors are used on some systems to eliminate this danger.Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from security problems: petty crimes, such as pickpocketingand baggage theft, and more serious violent crimes. Security measures include video surveillance, security guards, andconductors. In some countries a transit police may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying.[35] Rapid transitsystems have been subject to terrorism with many casualties, such as the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin gas attack[36] and the 2005 "7/7" terrorist bombings on the London Underground.InfrastructureMost rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars.[37] Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires. The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use the linear motor for propulsion.[38] Most run on conventional steel railway tracks, although some use rubber tires, such as the Montreal Metro and Mexico City Metro and some lines in the Paris Métro. Rubber tires allow steeper gradients and a softer ride, but have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro but not rubber-tired systems in other cities.[39] Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains.[40] Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations.Guideway typesLandungsbrücken station in Hamburg is an example where the U-Bahn is on surface while the S-Bahn station is on lower levelUnderground tunnels move traffic away from street level, avoiding delays caused bytraffic congestion and leaving more land available for buildings and other uses. In areas of high land prices and dense land use, tunnels may be the only economic route for mass transportation. Cut-and-cover tunnels are constructed by digging up city streets, which are then rebuilt over the tunnel; alternatively, tunnel-boring machines can be used to dig deep-bore tunnels that lie further down in bedrock.[18]Street-level railways are used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line is built.[41] Surface-level systems may have dedicated rights-of-way, or may operate by street running in mixed traffic.Elevated railways are a cheaper and easier way to build an exclusive right-of-way without digging expensive tunnels or creating barriers. In addition to street level railways they may also be the only other feasible alternative due to considerations such as a high water table close tothe city surface that raises the cost of, or even precludes underground railways (e.g. Miami). Elevated guideways were popular around the beginning of the 20th century, but fell out of favor; they came back into fashion in the last quarter of the century—often in combination with driverless systems, for instance Vancouver's SkyTrain, London's Docklands Light Railway,[42] the Miami Metrorail, and the Bangkok Skytrain.[43]People mover systems are self-contained rapid transit systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown (central) districts or theme parks, either as independent systems or as shuttle services feeding other transport systems. They are usually driverless and normally elevated. Monorails have been built as both conventional rapid transits and as people movers, either elevated or underground. They are in commercial use in several places, including Germany, Japan and many international airports.Light metro is used when the speed of rapid transit is desired, but for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller trains, of typically two to four cars, lower frequency and longer distances between stations, though it remains grade separated. Light metros are sometimes used as shuttles feeding into the main rapid transit system.[44] Some systems have been built from scratch, others are former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section.[16]StationsThe spacious Getafe Central station on Line 12 of Madrid Metro has several clearly visible levelsStations function as hubs to allow passengers to board and disembark from trains. They are also payment checkpoints and allow passengers to transfer between modes of transport, for instance to buses or other trains. Access is provided via either island- or side platforms.[45] Underground stations, especially deep-level ones, increase the overall transport time: long escalator rides to the platforms mean that the stations can become bottlenecks if not adequately built. Some underground stations are integrated into shopping centers, or have underground access to large nearby commercial buildings.[46] In suburbs, there may be a "park and ride" connected to the station.[47]To allow easy access to the trains, the platform height allows step-free access between platform and train. If the station complies with accessibility standards, it allows both disabled people andthose with wheeled baggage easy access to the trains,[48] though if the track is curved there can be a gap between the train and platform. Some stations use platform screen doors to increase safety by preventing people falling onto the tracks, as well as reducing ventilation costs.The deepest station in the world is Arsenalna station in Kiev, Ukraine.[49]Particularly in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries, but to an increasing extent elsewhere, the stations were built with splendid decorations such as marble walls, polished granite floors and mosaics—thus exposing the public to art in their everyday life, outside galleries and museums. The systems in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tashkent and Kiev are widely regarded as some of the most beautiful in the world.[50] Several other cities such as Stockholm, Montreal, Lisbon, Naples and Los Angeles have also focused on art, which may range from decorative wall claddings, to large, flamboyant artistic schemes integrated with station architecture, to displays of ancient artifacts recovered during station construction.[51] It may be possible to profit by attracting more passengers by spending relatively small amounts on grand architecture, art, cleanliness, accessibility, lighting and a feeling ofsafety.[52]Modal tradeoffs and interconnectionsStratford Station in London is shared by London Undergroundtrains (left) and Greater Angliarail services (right), as well as the Docklands Light Railway (not shown).Since the 1980s, trams have incorporated several features of rapid transit: light rail systems (trams) run on their own rights-of-way, thus avoiding congestion; they remain on the same level as buses and cars. Some light rail systems have elevated or underground sections. Both new and upgraded tram systems allow faster speed and higher capacity, and are a cheap alternative to construction of rapid transit, especially in smaller cities.[21]A premetro design means that an underground rapid transit system is built in the city centre, but only a light rail or tram system in the suburbs. Conversely, other cities have opted to build a full metro in the suburbs, but run trams in city streets to save the cost of expensive tunnels. In North America, interurbans were constructed as street-running suburban trams, without the grade-separation of rapid transit. Premetros also allow a gradual upgrade of existing tramways to rapid transit, thus spreading the investment costs over time. They are most common in Germany with the name Stadtbahn.[37]Suburban commuter rail is a heavy rail system that operates at a lower frequency than urban rapid transit, with higher average speeds, often only serving one station in each village andtown. Commuter rails of some cities (such as GermanS-Bahns, Chennai rail, Australian cityrails, Danish S-tog etc.) widely provide a mass transit within city as urban metro systems. As opposition, in some cities (such as PATH in New York, Dubai Metro, Los Teques Metro, Tyne & Wear Metro, MetroSur and other lines of Madrid Metro, Singapore MRT, Taipei Metro, Kuala Lumpur's RapidKL Light Rail Transitetc.) the mainly urban rapid transit systems branch out to the nearest suburbs.Some cities have opted for a hybrid solution, with two tiers of rapid transit: an urban system (such as the Paris Métro, Berlin U-Bahn, London Underground) and a suburban system (such as their counterparts RER, S-Bahn, futureCrossrail, respectively). The suburban systems run on their own tracks with generally high frequency (though less frequently than the urban system), and sometimes operated by the national railways. In some cities the national railway runs through tunnels in the city centre; sometimes commuter trains have direct transfer to the rapid transit system, on the same or adjoining platforms.[53][54] California's BART system functions as a hybrid of the two: in the suburbs, it functions like a commuter rail, with longer trains, longer intervals, and longer distance between stations; in downtownSan Francisco, many lines join and intervals drop to normal subway levels, and stations become closer together. Also, some other urban or "near urban" rapid transit systems (Guangfo Metro, East Rail Line in Hong Kong, Seoul Subway Line 1, etc.) serves the bi- and multi-nucleus agglomerations.Costs, benefits, and impactsThe Docklands Light Railway in London allows for dense land use, while retaining a high capacityAs of May 2012, 184 cities have built rapid transit systems.[55] The capital cost is high, as is the risk of cost overrun and benefit shortfall; public financing is normally required. Rapid transit is sometimes seen as an alternative to an extensive road transport system with many motorways;[56] the rapid transit system allows higher capacity with less land use, less environmental impact, and a lower cost.[57]Elevated or underground systems in city centers allow the transport of people without occupying expensive land, and permit the city to develop compactly without physical barriers. Motorways often depress nearby residential land values, but proximity to a rapid transit station often triggers commercial and residential growth, with large transit oriented development office and housing blocks being constructed.[56][58] Also, an efficient transit system can decrease the economicwelfare loss caused by the increase of population density in a metropolis.[59]Rapid transit systems have high fixed costs. Most systems are publicly owned, by either local governments, transit authorities or national governments. Capital investments are often partially or completely financed by taxation, rather than by passenger fares, but must often compete with funding for roads. The transit systems may be operated by the owner or by a private company through a public service obligation. The owners of the systems often also own the connecting bus or rail systems, or are members of the local transport association, allowing for free transfers between modes. Almost all transit systems operate at a deficit, requiring fare revenue, advertising and subsidies to cover costs.The farebox recovery ratio, a ratio of ticket income to operating costs, is often used to assess operational profitability, with some systems including Hong Kong's MTR Corporation,[60] and Taipei[61] achieving recovery ratios of well over 100%. This ignores both heavy capital costs incurred in building the system, which are often subsidized withsoft loans[62] and whose servicing is excluded from calculations of profitability, as well as ancillary revenue such as income from real estate portfolios.[60] Some metros, including Hong Kong, are even financed by the sale of land whose value has been increased by the building of the system,[41] a process known as value capture.Environmental impactsThe Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations including the United Nations,[63] RINA,[64] and the International Organization for Standardization,[64] becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction.[65] It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after being registered with the United Nations under the Clean Development Mechanism,[66] and has so far earned more than 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its trains.[67] In order to reduce its dependence on non-renewable sources of energy, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation is looking forward to harness solar energy and install solar panels in some of its metro stations.[68]。
地铁 英语作文
地铁英语作文Subway English Essay。
The subway, also known as the underground, metro, or tube in different parts of the world, is a mode of public transportation that operates on a fixed rail system. It is a popular choice for commuters in many major cities due to its efficiency, speed, and ability to avoid traffic congestion.One of the key advantages of the subway is its ability to transport a large number of people quickly and efficiently. With trains running at regular intervals, commuters can rely on the subway to get them to their destinations on time. This is especially important in densely populated urban areas where traffic congestion can cause significant delays for those traveling by car or bus.In addition to its efficiency, the subway also offers a cost-effective mode of transportation for many people. Witha single fare, commuters can travel long distances within a city, making it an affordable option for daily travel to work, school, or other destinations. This accessibility is particularly important for low-income individuals who may not have access to private transportation.Furthermore, the subway plays a crucial role in reducing the environmental impact of transportation. By providing an alternative to driving, the subway helps to decrease air pollution and reduce the overall carbon footprint of a city. This is an important consideration in the face of climate change and the need to transition to more sustainable forms of transportation.Another benefit of the subway is its ability to connect different parts of a city, making it easier for people to access employment, education, and recreational opportunities. Subway systems often have multiple linesthat intersect at key transportation hubs, allowing commuters to transfer between different routes and reach their desired destinations with ease.Despite its many advantages, the subway also has its challenges. Maintenance and construction of subway systems can be costly and disruptive to the surrounding areas. In addition, overcrowding during peak hours can lead to discomfort and inconvenience for commuters. Furthermore, safety and security are important concerns for subway operators and passengers alike, as the enclosed nature of the subway system can make it a target for crime and terrorism.In conclusion, the subway is an essential component of urban transportation systems around the world. Its efficiency, affordability, and environmental benefits make it a popular choice for commuters in major cities. While there are challenges associated with its operation, the subway remains a vital mode of transportation that plays a key role in connecting people and communities. As cities continue to grow and develop, the subway will undoubtedly remain an important part of the urban landscape.。
关于地铁的英语作文
关于地铁的英语作文In the bustling metropolises of the modern world, the subway system stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the need for efficient transportation. It is not just an underground network of tunnels and trains; it is the lifeline of the city, connecting its inhabitants to their daily destinations with remarkable speed and reliability.Subways are a marvel of engineering, designed to handle the immense volume of passenger traffic that urban areas generate. They are an essential part of city life, offering a quick and cost-effective way to traverse vast distances within a city. The subway system is a complex web of tracks, stations, and trains that operates around the clock, ensuring that people can get to work, school, or leisure activities without the hassle of traffic jams.One of the most notable aspects of subways is their abilityto alleviate traffic congestion on the surface. By providingan alternative mode of transportation, subways reduce the number of cars on the road, leading to less pollution and a more sustainable urban environment. Moreover, subways areoften powered by electricity, which is a cleaner energysource compared to fossil fuels.The subway experience is unique and can be a cultural experience in itself. Each station is a microcosm of thecity's diversity, with its own set of sounds, smells, andsights. Commuters from all walks of life share the space, creating a vibrant tapestry of human interaction. Street performers, advertisements, and the hustle and bustle of people moving to and from their destinations all contribute to the subway's distinct atmosphere.In terms of language, the subway is a melting pot where different dialects and languages converge. Announcements are often made in multiple languages to accommodate the diverse population of the city. This linguistic diversity is a reflection of the subway's role as a unifying force that brings people from different backgrounds together.However, subways are not without their challenges. They can be crowded, especially during rush hours, and maintaining cleanliness and order can be a daunting task. Despite these issues, the benefits of having a well-functioning subway system far outweigh the drawbacks.In conclusion, subways are an integral part of urban infrastructure. They are not only a means of transportation but also a symbol of a city's progress and its commitment to providing its citizens with a better quality of life. As cities continue to grow and evolve, the subway will remain a vital component of their development, ensuring that the pulse of the city beats strong and steady.。
地铁介绍英语作文
地铁介绍英语作文Introduction。
Subway, also known as metro or underground, is a rapid transit system that provides efficient and convenient transportation for people in urban areas. It consists of a network of trains that run on tracks either above or below the ground. Subway systems are found in many major cities around the world, including London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo.Benefits of Subway。
Subway systems offer many benefits to both commutersand the environment. Firstly, they provide a fast and reliable means of transportation, allowing people to avoid traffic congestion and arrive at their destinations on time. Secondly, they are more environmentally friendly than carsor buses, as they produce fewer emissions and use less fuel. Finally, subway systems can help to reduce urban sprawl byproviding a convenient and accessible way for people to travel within a city.Features of Subway。
介绍地铁的英语作文
介绍地铁的英语作文The subway, also known as the underground or metro, is an essential mode of transportation in many large cities around the world. It provides a fast, efficient, and often cost-effective way for people to travel within and between various parts of the city. Here's a brief introduction to the subway system in an English composition format:The Subterranean Lifeline: A Glimpse into the World of SubwaysIn the bustling heart of urban landscapes, the subway emerges as a lifeline for millions, connecting the sprawling cityscape with a network of tunnels and tracks. It is notjust a means of transportation; it is a testament to human ingenuity and the need for seamless urban mobility.Origins and EvolutionThe concept of an underground railway dates back to the 19th century, with the London Underground being the pioneer, opening its first section in 1863. Since then, the subway has evolved from steam-powered trains running in open-cut tunnels to the electrically driven, high-speed, and fully automated systems we see in modern cities like Tokyo, Shanghai, and Seoul.System Design and OperationSubway systems are designed to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce the reliance on personal vehicles. They typically consist of multiple lines, each serving different parts of the city. Trains run at short intervals, ensuring minimal waiting times for passengers. The operation is usually managed by a central control center that monitors train movements and maintains the schedule.Benefits and ChallengesThe subway offers numerous benefits, including time-saving, cost-effectiveness, and reduced environmental impact due to lower emissions compared to road traffic. However, it also faces challenges such as overcrowding during peak hours, the high cost of construction and maintenance, and the need for constant updates to accommodate growing urban populations.Cultural ImpactSubways are more than just transportation systems; they are cultural hubs. They are the arteries through which the lifeblood of a city flows. Street performers, advertisements, and the diverse demographics of passengers make the subway a melting pot of urban culture.Safety and SecuritySafety is paramount in subway systems. They are equipped withsafety features such as fire extinguishers, emergency exits, and surveillance cameras. Regular maintenance checks andstrict security protocols ensure the well-being of passengers.The Future of SubwaysAs cities grow denser and the need for efficienttransportation increases, the subway is poised to play aneven more critical role. Innovations in technology, such as driverless trains and energy-efficient systems, promise to make subways even more integral to the urban tapestry of the future.In conclusion, the subway is a remarkable feat of engineering that has become an indispensable part of city life. It stands as a symbol of progress and a practical solution to the logistical challenges of modern urban living.This composition provides an overview of subway systems, highlighting their history, design, benefits, cultural significance, safety measures, and future prospects.。
地铁的英语作文
地铁的英语作文The subway, an underground railway system, has become an indispensable part of urban transportation in many cities around the world. It is not just a means of travel but a lifeline that connects the heart of the city to its sprawling suburbs, facilitating the daily commute of millions. In this essay, we will explore the significance of the subway system in urban life, its impact on the environment, and thecultural aspects associated with it.Firstly, the subway system is a testament to human ingenuity and engineering prowess. It allows for the efficient transportation of a large number of people in a relatively small space, reducing the reliance on personal vehicles and thus alleviating traffic congestion. The subway's punctuality and frequency of service make it a preferred choice for many city dwellers, especially during peak hours when the streets are at their busiest.Secondly, the environmental benefits of the subway system are significant. By encouraging the use of public transportation, it helps to reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. Subways are powered by electricity, which is often generated from renewable sources, making them a more sustainable option compared to gas-guzzling cars and buses. Moreover, the subway system contributes to a reduction in noise pollution in densely populated areas.Culturally, the subway has become more than just a mode of transport. It is a space where people from all walks of life come together, creating a microcosm of the city's diversity. Street performers, advertisements, and the architectural design of subway stations all contribute to the unique cultural landscape of the city. The subway has also been the subject of numerous artistic expressions, from films to literature, reflecting its integral role in urban life.However, the subway system is not without its challenges. Issues such as overcrowding, maintenance, and safety are perennial concerns that need to be addressed. Investments in infrastructure and technology are crucial to ensure that the subway system continues to serve the city effectively and safely.In conclusion, the subway system is a vital artery of the modern city, providing efficient, environmentally friendly transportation that supports the rhythm of urban life. As cities continue to grow, the role of the subway will only become more critical, and its development will remain a key priority for urban planners and policymakers. The subway is not just a means to an end but a symbol of a city's progress and its commitment to sustainability and community cohesion.。
关于地铁的英语作文
The subway,also known as the underground or metro,is a vital part of urban transportation in many cities around the world.It offers a fast,efficient,and often environmentally friendly means of moving large numbers of people within a city.History and DevelopmentThe concept of an underground railway system dates back to the mid19th century,with the London Underground being the first to open in1863.Since then,the technology and infrastructure have evolved significantly,with many cities adopting this mode of transport to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce pollution.Advantages of Subways1.Efficiency:Subways can transport thousands of passengers per hour,making them highly efficient for commuting.2.Reliability:Unlike road traffic,subways are less affected by weather conditions and traffic jams,ensuring punctuality.3.CostEffectiveness:Compared to other forms of public transport,subways are often more affordable for daily commuters.4.Environmental Impact:Electricpowered subways contribute less to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to vehicles.Challenges Faced by Subways1.Crowding:During peak hours,subways can become extremely crowded,affecting the comfort of passengers.2.Maintenance Costs:The infrastructure requires regular maintenance and updates, which can be costly.3.Safety Concerns:Subways must adhere to strict safety standards to prevent accidents and ensure passenger safety.Cultural ImpactSubways are not just a means of transportation they also serve as cultural hubs.Many stations are adorned with art and historical significance,reflecting the citys identity and history.For example,the Moscow Metro is famous for its ornate stations,each with its unique architectural style.Future of SubwaysWith advancements in technology,the future of subways looks promising.Innovations such as driverless trains,improved signaling systems,and integration with other forms of public transport are being explored to enhance the subway experience.Personal ExperienceAs a frequent user of the subway,I have found it to be a convenient way to navigate the city.The ease of use,with clear signage and timetables,makes it accessible even for firsttime users.However,the experience can be marred by the hustle and bustle during rush hours.ConclusionThe subway plays a crucial role in the daily lives of millions of city dwellers.Despite the challenges it faces,its benefits in terms of efficiency,cost,and environmental impact make it an indispensable part of urban life.As cities continue to grow,the development and improvement of subway systems will remain a priority for urban planners and transportation authorities.。
关于地铁英语作文
关于地铁英语作文The Subway: A Convenient Mode of Transportation。
The subway, also known as the metro or underground, is a widely used mode of transportation in many major cities around the world. It is an underground railway system that provides a convenient and efficient way for people totravel within urban areas. With its extensive network of tracks and stations, the subway offers a quick and reliable means of getting from one place to another.One of the main advantages of the subway is its ability to transport a large number of people quickly and efficiently. Unlike other forms of public transportation, such as buses or trams, the subway is not affected bytraffic congestion on the roads above. This means that trains can run at regular intervals, ensuring that passengers do not have to wait long for the next service. In addition, the subway operates on a fixed schedule, allowing passengers to plan their journeys with a highdegree of accuracy.Another benefit of the subway is its ability to reduce the environmental impact of urban transportation. By providing an alternative to private car use, the subway helps to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce air pollution in cities. This is particularly important in densely populated urban areas, where the use of private vehicles can contribute to environmental degradation and public health issues. The subway's reliance on electric power also makes it a more sustainable and eco-friendly mode of transportation compared to vehicles powered by fossil fuels.In addition to its environmental benefits, the subway also offers a safe and secure means of travel. Stations are equipped with surveillance cameras and staffed by security personnel, helping to ensure the safety of passengers. Furthermore, the underground nature of the subway system provides protection from inclement weather, making it a reliable option for travel regardless of the season.The subway also plays a crucial role in promotingsocial and economic development in urban areas. By connecting different parts of the city, the subway facilitates the movement of people and goods, contributing to the growth of local businesses and industries. It also provides access to employment, education, and recreational opportunities for residents, helping to create a more inclusive and dynamic urban environment.Despite its many advantages, the subway is not without its challenges. Maintaining and expanding the subway network requires significant investment in infrastructure and technology. In addition, ensuring the safety and security of passengers and staff remains a priority for subway operators. Furthermore, the subway must contend with issues such as overcrowding during peak hours and the need to accommodate passengers with disabilities.In conclusion, the subway is an essential and valuable mode of transportation in urban areas. Its ability to provide a convenient, efficient, and environmentally friendly means of travel makes it an indispensable part ofmodern city life. By addressing the challenges it faces and continuing to improve and expand its services, the subway will remain a vital component of urban transportation systems for years to come.。
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地铁里的各种英文标识本站首末车时间First/Last Train from This Station首车First Train末车Last Train下一站Next Station您在此You Are Here站长室Station MasterXXX站示意图Map of XXX StationXXX站地面示意图Map of XXX AreaXX地铁线路图XX Subway Map检票处Ticket Check(地铁)售票处Ticket Office/TicketsIC卡售卡充值IC Card Vending and RechargingIC卡售卡充值请走A口或B口Exit A or B for IC Cards请您当面点清票款Please Check Your Change and Ticket请您保管好小磁票，出站验票收回Please Keep Your Magnetic Ticket for Exit售卡充值机故障，请您去临站办理Machine out of order. Please go to the nearest station to buy or recharge IC cards.在此刷卡Swipe Your Card Here刷卡设备故障、请您使用其它设备Machine out of order. Please use other ones.列车运行时间Train Schedule地铁运力不足，有急事者请选择其它交通工具Subway capacity insufficient. Please use other vehicles for rush.车站值班室Duty Office升降车严禁攀登，平台下严禁站人Don't climb on the lift truck. Stand clear of the platform.机房重地，乘客止步Machine Room. No Admittance.请您尽量往前站Please Move Forward专业设备，请勿动Special Equipment. Don't Touch.残疾人牵引车(升降平台) Wheelchair Lift此口临时停止进站Temporarily Closed请到检票处换硬币Coin Change at Ticket Check硬币兑换处Coin Change自动售票机Automatic Ticket Machine/Ticket Vending Machine补票处Fare AdjustmentIC卡查询业务IC Card Inquiry ServiceIC卡查询机IC Card Analyzer换票处Ticket Changing自动查询机Automatic Analyzer自动充值机Refilling Machine/Recharging Machine自动报纸机Newspaper-Vending Machine站台Platform始发站Departure Station终点站Terminus公交换乘Public Transport Transfer出租车换乘Taxi Transfer火车换乘Train Transfer机场换乘Flight Transit暂停运营Temporarily Closed沙桶Sand Bucket防爆桶Explosion-Proof Tank设施服务时间Service Hours乘客乘梯须知Instructions on Escalator Use列车运行间隔Train Interval请顺序出站Please Exit in Order非常紧急手柄Emergency Door Handle逆时针方向扳动手柄90度Turn Handle Counterclockwise 90 Degrees手动开门Open Door by Hand通道禁止停留Don't Block Access本车今日已消毒Train Disinfected为了行车安全，请勿打扰司机Don't Distract the Driver车内发生紧急情况时，请按按钮报警Press Button in Emergency按下红色按钮，绿灯亮时对准话筒报警Press red button, wait for green light and speak into the microphone.通话话筒报警Speak Microphone Alarm仅供紧急情况下使用Emergency Use Only列车行驶方向This train is bound for XXX票务服务Tickets西北口North-West Exit东北口North-East Exit东南口South-East Exit西南口South-West Exit车站服务设施位置图Map of Station Service Facilities公交换乘信息Bus Transfer Information综合信息Information地铁列车时刻表Schedule/Timetable欢迎光临，请选择画面上的按钮! Please Select the Button/Welcome! Please Select the Button on Screen请投入现金，然后按下确认按钮! Please Insert Cash and Push Button请插入充值卡! Please Insert Your Card/Please Insert Your Rechargeable Card站员操作中，请稍候! Please Wait!/Being processed, please wait.该卡不能用，请到窗口处理! This card is not valid. Please see staff for assistance./The ticket is not valid. Please go to ticket office for help.请您充值Please Adjust Fare/Please Recharge the value of Your Card对不起，此票不能使用Sorry, this ticket has expired./Sorry, the ticket is not valid.请您购票Please Buy a Ticket请您再刷一次卡Please Swipe Your Card Again不要同时使用多张卡Please don't use more than one card at the same time.请您刷卡Please Swipe Your Card请使用其它通道Please Use Another Gate请插入卡Please Insert Your Ticket请确认您的卡Please Check Your Ticket请您通知工作人员Please See Staff for Assistance请到售票处处理Please Go to the Ticket Office for Help余额不足Sorry, your ticket has not enough value.暂停服务，请稍候Out of Service. Please Wait.车票无效，请使用有效车票The ticket is not valid. Please use a valid ticket.请查看基准票价Please Check Basic Ticket Fare请查看销售策略Please Check Sales Policy请查看计次票价Please Check Multi-Ride Fare请查看超时扣款Please Check Overtime Fee请选择要查询的线路Please Select Line/Please Select Line Button请选择起始站Please Select Departure Station请选择终点站Please Select Terminus关于地铁的英语表达国外地铁的计价方式不尽相同。
有的地方只有一种一种票价(only one fare)，只要付车费，随你走到哪里。
而有的则要根据路程远近计价(proportional fare)。
地铁里也有一些不文明行为，比如逃票，freeloader就是指“逃票人员”，也可以用更加直接的free rider或ticket evader来表示。
前两种表达都强调free这个概念，也就是享受了某种待遇但是没有付出相应的代价，而ticket evader则突出了evade(逃避)这个行为。
他们逃票的方式包括使用fake cards(假证)，以及sneak under turnstiles(钻越回转栏)等。
有的人逃票是因为上班高峰期，没空在ticket vendor(自动售票机)前排队，有的人逃票是因为票价过高。
近年来地铁发展很快，乘坐地铁的人也越来越多，2008年北京地铁就全线正式启用了Automatic Fare Collection system(自动售检票系统)，用electronic ticket(电子地铁客票)替代了paper subway tickets(纸质地铁客票)。
常用地铁表达语：Let's go to Tiananmen on a subway. 咱们乘地铁去天安门吧。
You can get almost anywhere rather quickly on a subway.你可以坐地铁迅速到达任何地方。
Look, there're two empty seats over there.看，那边有两个空位子。
At which platform is our train?我们坐的那趟车停在哪个站台？Can we go direct or do we have to change?我们能直达还是必须转车？Could you tell me how to go to the platform?你能告诉我去站台怎么走吗？Does the train stop at Wangfujing?请问列车在王府井站停吗？How frequent is this subway service?这班地铁多长时间来一次？Which line do I take for the Art Gallery?去美术馆乘哪条地铁？Is this the right subway to go to Jianguomen?这是去建国门的地铁吗？Do I have to pay an additional fare to change trains?换乘地铁还要付费吗？Where do we pay the fare?我们在哪儿付车费？Is it the right station to change?是在这一站换乘吗？Where do I change to the Second Line?请问我在哪儿换乘地铁二号线？A train will be in directly.列车马上进站。